Anomaly Detection of UAV State Data Based on Single-Class Triangular Global Alignment Kernel Extreme Learning Machine

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are widely used and meet many demands in military and civilian fields.With the continuous enrichment and extensive expansion of application scenarios,the safety of UAVs is constantly being challenged.To address this challenge,we propose algorithms to detect anomalous data collected from drones to improve drone safety.We deployed a one-class kernel extreme learning machine(OCKELM)to detect anomalies in drone data.By default,OCKELM uses the radial basis(RBF)kernel function as the kernel function of themodel.To improve the performance ofOCKELM,we choose a TriangularGlobalAlignmentKernel(TGAK)instead of anRBF Kernel and introduce the Fast Independent Component Analysis(FastICA)algorithm to reconstruct UAV data.Based on the above improvements,we create a novel anomaly detection strategy FastICA-TGAK-OCELM.The method is finally validated on the UCI dataset and detected on the Aeronautical Laboratory Failures and Anomalies(ALFA)dataset.The experimental results show that compared with other methods,the accuracy of this method is improved by more than 30%,and point anomalies are effectively detected.

Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis Using Random Forest and Optimized Kernel Extreme Learning Machine

Power transformer is one of the most crucial devices in power grid.It is significant to determine incipient faults of power transformers fast and accurately.Input features play critical roles in fault diagnosis accuracy.In order to further improve the fault diagnosis performance of power trans-formers,a random forest feature selection method coupled with optimized kernel extreme learning machine is presented in this study.Firstly,the random forest feature selection approach is adopted to rank 42 related input features derived from gas concentration,gas ratio and energy-weighted dissolved gas analysis.Afterwards,a kernel extreme learning machine tuned by the Aquila optimization algorithm is implemented to adjust crucial parameters and select the optimal feature subsets.The diagnosis accuracy is used to assess the fault diagnosis capability of concerned feature subsets.Finally,the optimal feature subsets are applied to establish fault diagnosis model.According to the experimental results based on two public datasets and comparison with 5 conventional approaches,it can be seen that the average accuracy of the pro-posed method is up to 94.5%,which is superior to that of other conventional approaches.Fault diagnosis performances verify that the optimum feature subset obtained by the presented method can dramatically improve power transformers fault diagnosis accuracy.

Prediction of flyrock induced by mine blasting using a novel kernel-based extreme learning machine

Blasting is a common method of breaking rock in surface mines.Although the fragmentation with proper size is the main purpose,other undesirable effects such as flyrock are inevitable.This study is carried out to evaluate the capability of a novel kernel-based extreme learning machine algorithm,called kernel extreme learning machine(KELM),by which the flyrock distance(FRD) is predicted.Furthermore,the other three data-driven models including local weighted linear regression(LWLR),response surface methodology(RSM) and boosted regression tree(BRT) are also developed to validate the main model.A database gathered from three quarry sites in Malaysia is employed to construct the proposed models using 73 sets of spacing,burden,stemming length and powder factor data as inputs and FRD as target.Afterwards,the validity of the models is evaluated by comparing the corresponding values of some statistical metrics and validation tools.Finally,the results verify that the proposed KELM model on account of highest correlation coefficient(R) and lowest root mean square error(RMSE) is more computationally efficient,leading to better predictive capability compared to LWLR,RSM and BRT models for all data sets.

Constrained voting extreme learning machine and its application

Extreme learning machine(ELM)has been proved to be an effective pattern classification and regression learning mechanism by researchers.However,its good performance is based on a large number of hidden layer nodes.With the increase of the nodes in the hidden layers,the computation cost is greatly increased.In this paper,we propose a novel algorithm,named constrained voting extreme learning machine(CV-ELM).Compared with the traditional ELM,the CV-ELM determines the input weight and bias based on the differences of between-class samples.At the same time,to improve the accuracy of the proposed method,the voting selection is introduced.The proposed method is evaluated on public benchmark datasets.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the original ELM algorithm.Further,we apply the CV-ELM to the classification of superheat degree(SD)state in the aluminum electrolysis industry,and the recognition accuracy rate reaches87.4%,and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is more robust than the existing state-of-the-art identification methods.

A novel hybrid estimation of distribution algorithm for solving hybrid flowshop scheduling problem with unrelated parallel machine

The hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with unrelated parallel machine is a typical NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, and it exists widely in chemical, manufacturing and pharmaceutical industry. In this work, a novel mathematic model for the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with unrelated parallel machine(HFSPUPM) was proposed. Additionally, an effective hybrid estimation of distribution algorithm was proposed to solve the HFSPUPM, taking advantage of the features in the mathematic model. In the optimization algorithm, a new individual representation method was adopted. The(EDA) structure was used for global search while the teaching learning based optimization(TLBO) strategy was used for local search. Based on the structure of the HFSPUPM, this work presents a series of discrete operations. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid algorithm compared with other algorithms.

Determination of influential parameters for prediction of total sediment loads in mountain rivers using kernel-based approaches

It is important to have a reasonable estimation of sediment transport rate with respect to its significant role in the planning and management of water resources projects. The complicate nature of sediment transport in gravel-bed rivers causes inaccuracies of empirical formulas in the prediction of this phenomenon. Artificial intelligences as alternative approaches can provide solutions to such complex problems. The present study aimed at investigating the capability of kernel-based approaches in predicting total sediment loads and identification of influential parameters of total sediment transport. For this purpose, Gaussian process regression(GPR), Support vector machine(SVM) and kernel extreme learning machine(KELM) are applied to enhance the prediction level of total sediment loads in 19 mountain gravel-bed streams and rivers located in the United States. Several parameters based on two scenarios are investigated and consecutive predicted results are compared with some well-known formulas. Scenario 1 considers only hydraulic characteristics and on the other side, the second scenario was formed using hydraulic and sediment properties. The obtained results reveal that using the parameters of hydraulic conditions asinputs gives a good estimation of total sediment loads. Furthermore, it was revealed that KELM method with input parameters of Froude number(Fr), ratio of average velocity(V) to shear velocity(U*) and shields number(θ) yields a correlation coefficient(R) of 0.951, a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) of 0.903 and root mean squared error(RMSE) of 0.021 and indicates superior results compared with other methods. Performing sensitivity analysis showed that the ratio of average velocity to shear flow velocity and the Froude number are the most effective parameters in predicting total sediment loads of gravel-bed rivers.

A Novel Kernel for Least Squares Support Vector Machine

Extreme learning machine(ELM) has attracted much attention in recent years due to its fast convergence and good performance.Merging both ELM and support vector machine is an important trend,thus yielding an ELM kernel.ELM kernel based methods are able to solve the nonlinear problems by inducing an explicit mapping compared with the commonly-used kernels such as Gaussian kernel.In this paper,the ELM kernel is extended to the least squares support vector regression(LSSVR),so ELM-LSSVR was proposed.ELM-LSSVR can be used to reduce the training and test time simultaneously without extra techniques such as sequential minimal optimization and pruning mechanism.Moreover,the memory space for the training and test was relieved.To confirm the efficacy and feasibility of the proposed ELM-LSSVR,the experiments are reported to demonstrate that ELM-LSSVR takes the advantage of training and test time with comparable accuracy to other algorithms.

Incorporating Prior Knowledge into Kernel Based Regression

在一些，样品基于回归任务，观察样品是相当很少足够增进知识。作为结果，在样品和模型复杂性的数字之间的冲突出现，并且回归方法将面对窘境是否选择一个复杂模型。合并优先的知识是这窘境的一个潜在的解决方案。在这份报纸，一种优先的知识被调查，把它合并到核的一个新奇方法基于回归计划被建议。建议优先的 knowledge based 核回归(PKBKR ) 方法包括二 subproblems：在函数空间代表优先的知识，并且联合这个代表和训练样品获得回归函数。为代表的步的一个贪婪算法和为加入步的加权的损失功能被建议。最后，实验被执行验证建议 PKBKR 方法，结果在那里证明建议方法能与适当模型复杂性完成相对高的回归性能，特别当样品的数字是小的或观察噪音大时。

基于小波核极限学习机的烟叶烘烤过程的智能识别

烟叶烘烤设备操作复杂、技术含量高、熟练掌握烟叶烘烤技术人员不足等问题,影响了烟叶的烘烤质量。针对上述问题,本文提出了基于小波核极限学习机的烟叶烘烤过程的智能识别方法。实验中对三段式烘烤过程中的叶片变软、主脉变软、勾尖卷边、小打筒、大打筒和干筋6个烘烤阶段分别提取了颜色、纹理和温湿度特征,组建了9维特征向量进入小波核极限学习机,通过增量型算法自适应地选择神经元个数,快速准确地识别了6个阶段,得到了98.33%的识别率。实验结果表明本文提出的基于小波核极限学习机的烟叶烘烤过程的智能识别方法具有一定的可行性,为研发烟叶烘烤智能调控系统奠定了理论基础。

基于KPCA-PSO-ELM算法的地表水化学需氧量紫外-可见吸收光谱检测研究

化学需氧量(COD)是水质检测重要指标之一,反映水体有机物含量。传统的COD化学检测方法存在操作繁琐,等待时间长,二次污染等缺点。紫外-可见吸收光谱法是目前水体化学需氧量检测中应用最为广泛的方法之一,具有检测快速、无污染等特点。为了满足地表水化学需氧量快速、实时、在线监测等要求,采用紫外-可见吸收光谱进行测量,提出了内核主成分分析(KPCA)结合粒子群优化极限学习机(PSO-ELM)预测模型,满足当前对地表水化学需氧量快速、实时监测的要求。对光谱进行Savitzky-Golay(SG)滤波以降低随机噪声的影响;用积分光谱代替原光谱,以降低信号波动带来的影响;再将得到的光谱信息归一化,消除不同光谱数据量纲的影响。将预处理后的数据利用KPCA算法将全光谱数据压缩为5个特征,有效解决光谱信息冗余的问题;采用PSO算法对ELM的权重和偏置进行优化极大提高了模型的精度。对217个河流、长江及支流、湖库等地表水样本按照7∶3随机划分成训练集和测试集,并进行建模测试,其中训练集拟合优度(R2)为0.930 2、均方根误差(RMSE)为0.363 0 mg·L^(-1)、测试集拟合优度R2为0.931 9、均方根误差(RMSE)为0.400 7 mg·L^(-1)。为了验证提出的基于KPCA全光谱数据压缩方法对预测模型的提升效果,分别对比了主成分分析(PCA)、连续投影算法(SPA)、套索回归(LASSO)等特征处理算法。PCA-PSO-ELM模型的RMSE为0.715 1 mg·L^(-1)、 SPA-PSO-ELM模型的RMSE为0.473 7 mg·L^(-1)、 LASSO-PSO-ELM模型的RMSE为0.412 6 mg·L^(-1), KPCA-PSO-ELM模型较上述三种模型,RMSE分别降低了78.46%、 18.22%、 2.97%,结果表明KPCA是一种高效的光谱降维算法,能够有效消除光谱冗余信息,提升模型预测精度。基于KPCA-PSO-ELM预测模型结合紫外-可见吸收光谱可以实现对地表水COD快速、实时检测,为在线COD检测场景提供方法支撑。

基于IAOA-KELM的储气库注采管柱内腐蚀速率预测

针对储气库注采管柱的内腐蚀速率预测问题,建立了基于阿基米德优化算法(Archimedes Optimization Algorithm,AOA)与核极限学习机(Kernel Extreme Learning Machine,KELM)相结合的模型提高腐蚀速率预测精度。通过引入佳点集、改进密度降低因子、采用黄金正弦算法缩小搜索空间,提高局部开发能力,利用改进阿基米德优化算法(Improved Archimedes Optimization Algorithm,IAOA)优化KELM正则化系数(C)和核函数参数(γ),进而建立IAOA-KELM储气库注采管柱内腐蚀速率预测模型;使用MATLAB软件运用该模型对某注采管柱内腐蚀数据集进行学习与预测,将IAOA-KELM模型与KELM、粒子群优化算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)-KELM、AOA-KELM结果进行预测误差对比。结果表明,IAOA-KELM模型的预测值与实际值较为拟合,其E RMSE为0.65%,E MAE为0.39%,R 2为99.83%,均优于其他模型。研究表明,IAOA-KELM模型能够更为准确地预测储气库注采管柱内腐蚀速率,为储气库注采管柱的运维及储气库的健康管理提供参考。

基于Adaboost-INGO-HKELM的变压器故障辨识

针对目前变压器故障诊断准确率低的问题,提出一种多策略集成模型。首先通过等度量映射(isometric mapping, Isomap)对高维非线性不可分的变压器故障数据进行降维处理。其次,利用混合核极限学习机(hybrid kernel based extreme learning machine, HKELM)进行训练学习,考虑到HKELM模型易受参数影响,所以利用北方苍鹰优化算法(northern goshawk optimization, NGO)对其参数进行寻优。但由于NGO收敛速度较慢,易陷入局部最优,引入切比雪夫混沌映射、择优学习、自适应t分布联合策略对其进行改进。同时为了提高模型整体的准确率,通过结合Adaboost集成算法,构建Adaboost-INGO-HKELM变压器故障辨识模型。最后,将提出的Adaboost-INGO-HKELM模型与未进行降维处理的INGO-HKELM模型、Isomap-INGO-KELM模型、Adaboost-Isomap-GWO-SVM等7种模型的测试准确率进行对比。提出的Adaboost-INGO-HKELM模型的准确率可达96%,均高于其他模型,验证了该模型对变压器故障辨识具有很好的效果。

不均衡小样本下多特征优化选择的生命体触电故障识别方法

针对现有的剩余电流保护装置无法有效识别触电事故的问题,该文提出了一种不均衡小样本下多特征优化选择的生命体触电故障识别方法。首先通过变分自编码器(VAE)对实验收集到的生命体触电小样本数据进行增殖以实现正负样本均衡;然后在时域上提取能够反映波形动态变化特性的23个特征量,并利用高斯核Fisher判别分析(GKFDA)与最大信息系数(MIC)法从中选择最优表达特征组;最后,提出基于遗忘因子的在线顺序极限学习机(FOS-ELM)算法实现生命体触电行为的鉴别。实验结果表明,所提方法利用不均衡小样本触电数据集就可以训练出一个优秀的分类模型,诊断准确率可达98.75%,诊断时间仅为1.33 ms。其优良的性能结合在线增量式学习分类器设计,使得模型具备新知识学习能力,具有极好的工程应用前景。

基于多影响因素联合的某抽水蓄能电站主厂房洞室围岩变形预测

为保证地下洞室围岩环境的安全状态,提出了一种以变分模态分解(VMD)方法分解原始数据和粒子群优化算法(PSO)提高预测精度为基础,基于多影响因素联合核极限学习机(KELM)方法的洞室围岩变形预测方法。该方法首先采用VMD方法将监测位移分解为受趋势性因素影响的趋势项位移和受周期性因素影响的周期项位移,去除影响因素的干扰项,其次将演化状态及影响因素作为PSO-KELM的输入数据,预测各影响因素所对应的趋势项或周期项位移,最后叠加两种分项位移,并将多影响因素结合的KELM方法与其他预测方法进行精度比较。对某抽水蓄能电站工程实测数据的验证结果表明,预测结果与原始位移的RRMSE相差仅0.76%,且二者的R为0.986,所提预测方法具有较高的预测精度,可为同类工程的围岩变形预测提供参考。

基于BA-MKELM的微电网故障识别与定位

提出一种基于贝叶斯算法优化多核极限学习机的微电网故障识别和定位方法。针对极限学习机输入参数和隐含层节点数随机选取导致回归能力不足的问题,引入核函数,将多项式与高斯径向基核函数加权组合构成多核极限学习机建立故障识别与定位模型,并采用贝叶斯算法对多核极限学习机相关参数进行优化,进一步提高模型的逼近能力。为了验证所提模型的故障识别与定位性能,选用极限学习机和多核极限学习机分别建立故障诊断模型进行比较分析。实验结果表明,所提方法能够高性能地识别和定位微电网中任何类型的故障,识别和定位精度更高。

基于改进灰狼优化核极限学习机的疾病诊断模型

为提高疾病诊断的效率,本文提出一种改进的灰狼优化算法与核极限学习机的混合模型。通过引入一种新的机制提高灰狼优化算法的探索与利用能力,改进的灰狼优化算法在进行特征选择的同时,也对核极限学习机的2个关键参数进行优化,模型在2个疾病数据集上进行实验验证。实验结果显示:提出的模型在准确率、敏感性、特异性等评价指标方面相对于其他混合模型高出约1%~2%,带特征选择的优化模型相对于没有特征选择的模型在评价指标上也高出约1%~2%。结果表明提出的模型具有一定的优势。

高光谱结合哈里斯鹰优化核极限学习机鉴别化橘红胎切片年份

化橘红胎是药用历史悠久的广东省道地中药材,由于其制品收藏年份越久远价格越高,市面上常有以次充好的现象。为此,采用高光谱成像技术,结合哈里斯鹰优化核极限学习机对四组不同年份的化橘红胎切片样品进行鉴别。采集四个年份共193个化橘红胎切片样本400~1000 nm的高光谱图像。首先采用主成分分析法(PCA)分析化橘红胎切片的原始反射光谱,然后分别采用Savitzky-Golay平滑(S-G平滑)、多元散射校正(MSC)、标准正态变量交换(SNV)对样本光谱进行预处理并建立核极限学习机(KELM)模型;发现经SNV处理的样本光谱的判别准确率最高,训练集达到99.24%,测试集95.56%;进一步用竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)、蒙特卡洛无信息变量消除法(MCUVE)对样本光谱进行特征波长的选择;最后,采用KELM建立判别模型,同时使用哈里斯鹰算法(HHO)优化KELM参数选择并比较建模效果。结果表明:基于HHO-KELM的判别效果相较KELM有0.76%~4.44%的提升,通过MCUVE筛选所得特征波段信息冗余明显减少且精度提升,训练集和测试集最佳准确率均可达100%,故采用高光谱成像技术可以实现对不同年份的化橘红胎切片进行无损鉴别。

基于时移多尺度波动散布熵和改进核极限学习机的水电机组故障诊断

水电在能源供给结构改革中承担重要角色,随着风、光、潮汐等新型能源的不断接入,水电机组的负荷运行范围不断加宽,导致水电机组发生事故的概率增加,因此,开展水电机组智能故障诊断研究具有十分重要的现实意义。本文针对水电机组振动信号中蕴含大量噪声信号,干扰故障诊断的问题,提出一种时移多尺度波动散布熵和改进核极限学习机相结合的水电机组故障诊断方法。首先,结合信息熵理论与时移思想,在多尺度波动散布熵的基础上,采用时移理论替代多尺度波动散布熵(MFDE)中传统的粗粒化过程,提出时移多尺度波动散布熵(TSMFDE),通过仿真实验,证明所提方法具有良好的时序长度鲁棒性、抗噪性及特征提取能力,解决了传统多尺度熵粗粒化不足的问题。然后,利用具有可移植性强、寻优能力强和收敛速度快等特征的算术优化算法(AOA)对核极限学习机(KELM)的正则化参数和核函数参数进行寻优,建立AOA-KELM分类器,解决了KELM超参数难以调节的问题。最终,通过转子试验台模拟实验,将TSMFDE提取的特征输入分类器中,完成模式识别工作。仿真结果表明,所提模型取得最高的诊断精度,达到了100.0%,相对于其他流行模型,本文所提模型展现了明显的优势,验证了所提模型的良好诊断精度。

基于DE-VMD和GMDE的往复压缩机轴承间隙故障诊断方法

针对往复压缩机轴承间隙故障特征提取困难、识别准确率不高等问题,提出了差分进化算法优化变分模态分解方法和广义多尺度散布熵相结合的往复压缩机间隙故障诊断方法。首先,采用差分进化算法对变分模态分解算法的两个核心参数进行了优化,并利用优化后的变分模态分解方法对轴承间隙振动信号进行了信号分解和重构处理;然后,研究了多尺度散布熵的粗粒化过程,通过将方差粗粒化代替均值粗粒化,进行了多尺度处理,构建了广义多尺度散布熵算法,利用广义多尺度散布熵算法对重构信号进行了故障特征提取分析;最后,设计了核极限学习机模型对故障特征向量集进行了分类识别,完成了往复压缩机轴承间隙不同故障状态的智能诊断研究。研究结果表明,该故障诊断方法的识别准确率高达97%,高效地实现了轴承不同种类故障的智能诊断目的。

基于ICEEMDAN多尺度熵与NGO-HKELM的转子故障诊断

针对电机转子故障信号非平稳、敏感的故障特征不能有效提取,传统分类器参数智能优化算法存在优化速度慢、调整参数多、易陷入局部最优等问题提出基于ICEEMDAN-MSE-KPCA与NGO-HKELM优化的转子故障诊断方法。首先,采用改进的自适应噪声完全集合经验模态分解(improved complete empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,ICEEMDAN)方法对转子振动信号进行分解和重构;计算重构信号的多尺度样本熵(multiscale sample entropy,MSE),形成特征向量,通过核主成分分析(kernel principal component analysis,KPCA)方法对高维的特征向量进行降维;最后,将降维后的特征向量输入北方苍鹰算法(northern goshawk optimization,NGO)优化的混合核极限学习机(hybrid extreme learning machine,HKELM)进行转子故障分类。研究结果表明,基于ICEEMDAN-MSE-KPCA与NGO-HKELM优化的转子故障诊断模型,平均识别准确率可达97.7273%,平均寻优时间为1.0681 s,收敛速度快、准确率高以及分类效果好。