Design and Implementation of Hybrid Light and Microwave Switches Based on Wavelength Selective Switch for Future Satellite Networks

A hybrid switching node structure with light and microwave links is proposed, which is applicable to the future data relay satellite systems, aiming at the development trend of coexistence of light- link and microwave-link in the future. An experimental system for the light and microwave hybrid switching node based on wavelength selective optical switches (WSS) and optical transceiver modules, is established. It is shown by our experiment that this hybrid switching node can realize the dynamic bandwidth allocation and wavelength routing while the bit error rate of light link is less than 10?12, which provides a method for solving the hybrid switching problem of light-link and microwave-link on the future data relay satellite systems.

A CSMA/CA based MAC protocol for hybrid Power-line/Visible-light communication networks:Design and analysis

Hybrid Power-line/Visible-light Communication(HPVC)network has been one of the most promising Cooperative Communication(CC)technologies for constructing Smart Home due to its superior communication reliability and hardware efficiency.Current research on HPVC networks focuses on the performance analysis and optimization of the Physical(PHY)layer,where the Power Line Communication(PLC)component only serves as the backbone to provide power to light Emitting Diode(LED)devices.So designing a Media Access Control(MAC)protocol remains a great challenge because it allows both PLC and Visible Light Communication(VLC)components to operate data transmission,i.e.,to achieve a true HPVC network CC.To solve this problem,we propose a new HPC network MAC protocol(HPVC MAC)based on Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance(CSMA/CA)by combining IEEE 802.15.7 and IEEE 1901 standards.Firstly,we add an Additional Assistance(AA)layer to provide the channel selection strategies for sensor stations,so that they can complete data transmission on the selected channel via the specified CSMA/CA mechanism,respectively.Based on this,we give a detailed working principle of the HPVC MAC,followed by the construction of a joint analytical model for mathematicalmathematical validation of the HPVC MAC.In the modeling process,the impacts of PHY layer settings(including channel fading types and additive noise feature),CSMA/CA mechanisms of 802.15.7 and 1901,and practical configurations(such as traffic rate,transit buffer size)are comprehensively taken into consideration.Moreover,we prove the proposed analytical model has the solvability.Finally,through extensive simulations,we characterize the HPVC MAC performance under different system parameters and verify the correctness of the corresponding analytical model with an average error rate of 4.62%between the simulation and analytical results.

Very-High Color Rendering Index Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Double Emitting Nanolayers

A very-high color rendering index white organic light-emitting diode(WOLED) based on a simple structure was successfully fabricated. The optimized device exhibits a maximum total efficiency of 13.1 and 5.4 lm/W at 1,000 cd/m2. A peak color rendering index of 90 and a relatively stable color during a wide range of luminance were obtained. In addition, it was demonstrated that the 4,40,400-tri(9-carbazoyl) triphenylamine host influenced strongly the performance of this WOLED.These results may be beneficial to the design of both material and device architecture for high-performance WOLED.

Regulating Charge and Exciton Distribution in High-Performance Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with n-Type Interlayer Switch

The interlayer(IL) plays a vital role in hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes(WOLEDs); however,only a negligible amount of attention has been given to n-type ILs. Herein, the n-type IL, for the first time,has been demonstrated to achieve a high efficiency, high color rendering index(CRI), and low voltage trade-off.The device exhibits a maximum total efficiency of 41.5 lm W^(-1), the highest among hybrid WOLEDs with n-type ILs. In addition, high CRIs(80–88) at practical luminances(C1000 cd m^(-2)) have been obtained, satisfying the demand for indoor lighting. Remarkably, a CRI of 88 is the highest among hybrid WOLEDs. Moreover, the device exhibits low voltages, with a turn-on voltage of only 2.5 V([1 cd m^(-2)), which is the lowest among hybrid WOLEDs. The intrinsic working mechanism of the device has also been explored; in particular, the role of n-type ILs in regulating the distribution of charges and excitons has been unveiled. The findings demonstrate that the introduction of n-type ILs is effective in developing high-performance hybrid WOLEDs.

Highly Efficient and Stable Hybrid White Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Controllable Exciton Behavior by a Mixed Bipolar Interlayer

Highly efficient and stable hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes （HWOLEDs） with a mixed bipolar interlayer between fluorescent blue and phosphorescent yellow emitting layers are demonstrated. The bipolar interlayer is a mixture of p-type diphenyl （l0-phenyl-lOH-spiro [acridine-9,9＇-fluoren]-3Lyl） phosphine oxide and n-type 2＇,2- （1,3,5-benzinetriyl）-tris（1-phenyl-l-H-benzimidazole）. The electroluminance and Commission Internationale de l＇Eclairage （CIE1931） coordinates＇ characteristics can be modulated easily by adjusting the ratio of the hole- predominated material to the electron-predominated material in the interlayer. The hybrid WOLED with a p-type：n-type ratio of 1：3 shows a maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of 61.1 ed/A and 55.8 lm/W, respectively, with warm white CIE coordinates of （0.34, 0.43）. The excellent efficiency and adaptive CIE coordi- nates are attributed to the mixed interlayer with improved charge carrier balance, optimized exciton distribution, and enhanced harvesting of singlet and triplet excitons.

Hybrid Visual Servoing Control for Robotic Arc Welding Based on Structured Light Vision

A novel hybrid visual servoing control method based on structured light vision is pro-posed for robotic arc welding with a general six degrees of freedom robot. It consists of a positioncontrol inner-loop in Cartesian space and two outer-loops. One is position-based visual control inCartesian space for moving in the direction of weld seam, i.e., weld seam tracking, another is image-based visual control in image space for adjustment to eliminate the errors in the process of tracking.A new Jacobian matrix from image space of the feature point on structured light stripe to Cartesianspace is provided for dierential movement of the end-e?ector. The control system model is simplifiedand its stability is discussed. An experiment of arc welding protected by gas CO2 for verifying iswell conducted.

Color-Tunable Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Double Interlayers

An efficient color-tunable hybrid white organic light-emitting diode is demonstrated with double interlayers of 2,7-bis(carbazol-9-yl)-9,9-ditoylfluo- rene/2-(diphenylphosphoryl) spiroflu-orene (DMFL-CBP/SPPO1) inserted between blue fluorescent and yellow phosphorescent-emitting layers, and exhibits Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE1931) ranging from warm white (0.4368, 0.4497) to cool white (0.2781, 0.2896) with driving current density from 0.2 to 40 mA/cm2. The recombination of singlet and the triplet excitons in blue fluores-cent-emitting layer and yellow phosphorescent-emitting layer, respectively, can be modulated by both the thickness of these double interlayers and the applied current densities.

Enhancement of Performance of Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Using Ti- and Mo-Oxide Nano Hybrid Layers

Nanorod-like TiO2 (nc-TiO2) and MoO3 (nc-MoO3) films were thermally grown from Ti- and Mo-metallic wafers. Nanohybrid films of N,N’-diphenyl-N,N’-bis(1-naphthyl)(1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4’diamine (NPB)/TiO2 and NPB/MoO3 used as anode/hole transport layer (HTL) heterojunctions in blue organic light emission diodes (OLEDs) were prepared by coating NPB onto the nc-TiO2 and nc-MoO3 and TiO2. Characterization of the nanostructured hybrid layers showed that both the photoluminescent property and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the hybrid materials were significantly enhanced in comparison with the standard NPB polymer. The electroluminous efficiency of the hybrid devices was considerably enhanced in comparison with the standard device. This suggests a useful application for fabricating “reverse” OLEDs, where the emission light goes-out through the semitransparent cathode, instead of the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. For this, the ohmic contacts of conducting wires to metallic electrodes can be made much better than to ITO anodes.

基于随机森林的复杂室内混合WiFi-LiFi网络接入点选择研究

针对复杂室内环境下混合LiFi-WiFi异构网络接入点选择困难的问题,提出一种基于随机森林模型的混合LiFi-WiFi网络接入点选择算法。所提出的网络接入点选择算法利用多个网络的信道特性,通过模拟不同的室内复杂环境,采集不同位置用户在不同情况下的接收信号强度和信噪比等值,构建训练集,使模型能够适应各种复杂的室内环境。仿真结果表明,与传统网络选择算法相比,算法的平均可实现吞吐量提高了约82%,特别是在室内情况较为复杂时,可提高160%。在用户移动时,并且接入用户数量增加时,文章提出的算法可比其他算法切换次数显著减少20%。

轻卡用混合动力总成技术发展现状与趋势

在环境污染、能源安全以及产业自主可控等多重压力下,发展新能源汽车势在必行。目前商用车混合动力产品不成熟,且各家技术路线有所不同。文章从构型、技术特点、应用场景等方面对轻卡用混合动力总成技术发展现状进行了剖析,并阐述了未来发展的趋势,以指导主机厂进行动力总成选型以及整车匹配,更好促进我国新能源汽车可持续发展。

基于48V轻混重型汽车技术发展与趋势

针对当前化石燃料短缺,全球环境恶化,对国家及各科研机构的应对策略进行了分析。通过介绍研究48 V轻混动力技术与控制策略,提出了48 V轻混动力源混动机理和能量管理策略,阐述各主机厂对48 V轻混系统的应用发展与趋势,得出该48 V轻混动力技术的可行性。最后,分析了国家层面的GDP碳排放量总体规划,进行总结,提出展望。

基于ZigBee的道路照明智能联控系统路由控制

作为一种自组网、低能耗的无线通信技术,ZigBee技术在道路照明领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。但是由于照明设备的部署特点,应用传统路由算法会造成路由树较深或者路由表过于复杂等问题。为了简化照明领域的数据路由,结合道路照明领域数据传输的特点,将无线节点类型划分为功能路由节点和普通路由节点,采用分簇的思想,以功能路由节点为簇首,将相邻的普通路由节点划分至同一簇,数据传输在簇内和簇间采用不同的数据路由算法,以优化数据路由操作,简化路由表。仿真结果表明,采用优化后的路由算法能够完成数据传输任务。

基于ECA-CNN的混合指纹室内定位方法

在指纹法的定位中,指纹特征和定位模型是影响定位精度的2个关键因素.在指纹特征的选取方面,可见光强度稳定性较高,但位置特征区分度低;无线信号强度区分度较高,但波动性较强.在定位模型的构建方面,基于卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)的定位模型在特征提取时不能有效地突出重要特征.针对上述问题,提出一种基于ECA-CNN的混合指纹室内定位方法(hybrid fingerprint indoor localization method based on ECA-CNN, ECACon-HF).首先,利用可见光强度和低功耗蓝牙(Bluetooth low energy, BLE)接收信号强度指示(received signal strength indication, RSSI)来构建混合指纹,降低BLE指纹不稳定的影响,并增强不同位置之间的区分度.同时,基于高效通道注意力(efficient channel attention, ECA)模块改进CNN定位模型,ECA能够通过跨通道交互策略自适应地提取指纹中的重要信息,抑制指纹中的环境干扰,增强混合指纹特征表达能力,更有效地利用混合指纹优势.实验结果显示,ECAConHF在构建的混合指纹库上可以达到0.316 m的定位精度,高于在单一指纹上的精度;并且基于同一指纹库,ECACon-HF相比其他室内定位方法,定位精度具有明显优势.

考虑HPSA的IRS辅助室内VLC系统光源优化

针对可见光通信(VLC)系统中接收平面光功率分布不均匀的问题,提出了一种基于混合粒子群算法(HPSA)的智能反射面(IRS)辅助室内VLC系统光源优化设计方案。以16个发光二极管(LED)的矩形和混合型布局为例,设置接收光功率方差为适应度函数,将所提出的HPSA与IRS技术相结合,对LED的位置布局、半功率角以及IRS的偏航角与滚转角进行优化。仿真对比了初始的(未经优化)、基于HPSA优化的室内VLC系统,以及基于HPSA优化的IRS辅助VLC系统的性能。结果表明,在考虑一次反射链路的情况下,与初始的VLC系统相比,采用HPSA优化的系统在两种光源布局下的接收光功率以及信噪比波动都明显降低;基于HPSA优化的IRS辅助室内VLC系统在矩形布局下对接收光功率波动的改善与基于HPSA优化的VLC系统效果相当,其在混合型布局下明显低于仅采用HPSA优化的VLC系统的光功率波动。3种可见光通信系统中,基于HPSA优化的IRS辅助VLC系统的平均接收光功率最大。此外,上述3种VLC系统采用混合型布局的平均均方时延拓展性能均优于矩形布局。研究工作对室内可见光通信系统光源分布研究具有一定参考价值。

混合调制技术在光纤通信系统功耗优化中的应用研究

随着信息技术的迅猛发展,光纤通信技术已成为现代通信系统中不可或缺的一部分。然而,随着通信系统规模的不断扩大和带宽需求的增加,如何降低功耗已成为通信系统设计时的核心挑战。在这一背景下,混合调制技术因其在降低功耗方面的优良表现而备受关注。因此,文章探讨混合调制技术在光纤通信系统中的应用,详细阐述其降低功耗的原理,旨在为相关领域提供切实可行的指导,推动通信技术的持续发展与进步。

The contribution of distant hybridization with decaploid Agropyron elongatum to wheat improvement in China

Wheat is a staple food crop in the world as well as in China. Because of the progress of wheat breeding and other agricultural ＂sci-technologies, the wheat grain yield per unit area has increased more than five folds from 1952 to 2006 in China. The first part of this article briefly reviews the history of wheat breeding in China. Second, the establishment of ＂Triticum aestivum-Agropyron＂ distant hybridization system and its contribution to wheat production and breeding in China are summarized. Finally, the future challenges of wheat breeding are discussed, which include how to increase the utilization efficiencies of water, soil nutrient and light energy through breeding. As an example, our research progress on how to increase light use efficiency in wheat through breeding is introduced and discussed.

可见光通信中HACO-OFDM系统的信道估计研究

针对可见光通信(VLC)中混合非对称幅度截断光正交频分复用(HACO-OFDM)系统中非视距路径(NLOS)信道会恶化可见光通信系统的误码性能,提出一种用于HACO-OFDM系统的信道估计方案。在该方案中,块状导频仅被添加到奇数子载波,通过联合最小二乘(LS)算法和三次样条插值获得完整的信道状态信息(CSI)。仿真结果表明,HACO-OFDM系统采用提出的信道估计方案后,显著改善了来自NLOS信道信号的误码性能。本方案实现简单,能够较准确的获取信道状态信息,可以提高NLOS场景下的可见光通信质量。

Phosphor-free white light-emitting diodes

The multiple color-matching schemes that could improve the color rendering index for phosphor-free white LEDs are discussed. Then we review a few of the recent research directions for phosphor-free white LEDs, which include the development of monolithic GaN-based white LEDs and hybrid integrated GaN-based and A1GalnP-based white LEDs. These development paths will pave the way toward commercial application of phosphor-free white LEDs in the coming years.

丹江口水库特大桥总体设计

丹江口水库特大桥采用跨径布置为45.8 m+(106.2+760+106.2)m+45.8 m的双塔部分地锚式混合梁斜拉桥,梁塔分离、梁台固结。主梁采用混合梁,宽31.6 m,主跨创新地采用分离式双钢箱+正交异性钢-UHPC组合桥面结构轻型组合梁,并在跨中采用具有阻尼锁定功能的无轴力连接装置;边跨采用预应力普通混凝土边主梁;钢-混结合面设置在主梁主跨距桥塔20 m处。桥塔采用下塔柱内收的H形塔,桥塔基础采用整体式承台+大直径群桩基础。桥台创新地采用重力-碳纤维增强复合材料岩锚组合式地锚桥台。斜拉索采用标准抗拉强度为1860 MPa的∅7 mm平行钢丝索,桥塔每侧设24对斜拉索,边跨斜拉索12对锚固于梁上、12对锚固于地锚桥台上,在桥塔处设竖直0号斜拉索作为竖向支承。

某混合动力轻型商用车电池低温预热策略优化

与传统燃油车相比,混合动力车型能够在实现低油耗的同时没有里程焦虑,成为轻型商用车领域重点研究对象。整车热管理系统控制各零部件冷却与加热,保证混合动力车型各工况下的动力性和热安全性。文章将混合动力轻型商用车热管理系统作为研究对象,以成本最优为原则进行方案设计,在低温环境下验证其可行性,采用单因素分析法对各项影响因素进行敏感性分析,提出低温预热策略优化方案,提高混合动力车型在低温环境下能耗表现和热稳定性。结果表明,该热管理系统在低温环境下,能够满足整车使用需求,各影响因素中,水泵转速影响最大,转速在2100 r/min时低温预热效果较好,电池荷电状态(SOC)初始值越高,低温预热效果越差。