Numerical Simulation on Thermal-Electrical Characteristics and Electrode Patterns of GaN LEDs with Graphene/NiO_x Hybrid Electrode

The thermal-electrical characteristic of a GaN light-emitting diode （LED） with the hybrid transparent conductive layers （TCLs） of graphene （Gr） and NiOx is investigated by a finite element method. It is indicated that the LED with the compound TCL of 3-layer Gr and 1 nm NiOx has the best thermal-electrical performance from the view point of the maximum temperature and the current density deviation of multiple quantum wells, and the maximum temperature occurs near the n-electrode rather than p-electrode. Furthermore, to depress the current crowding on the LED, the electrode pattern parameters including p- and n-electrode length, p-electrode buried depth and the distance of n-electrode to active area are optimized. It is found that either increasing p- or n-electrode length and buried depth or decreasing the distance of n-electrode from the active area will decrease the temperature of the LED, while the increase of the n-electrode length has more prominent effect. Typically, when the n-electrode length increases to 0.8 times of the chip size, the temperature of the GaN LED with the inm NiOx/3-1ayer-Gr hybrid TCLs could drop about 7K and the current density uniformity could increase by 23.8%, compared to 0.4 times of the chip size. This new finding will be beneficial for improvement of the thermal- electrical performance of LEDs with various conductive TCLs such as NiOx/Gr or ITO/Gr as current spreading layers.

Genomic insights into hybridization in a localized region of sympatry between pewee sister species(Contopus sordidulus × C. virens) and their chromosomal patterns of differentiation

Background: The Great Plains of the United States includes a large number of hybrid and contact zones between bird species. The amount of gene flow between sister species in these zones ranges from very rare hybridization events to widespread and prevalent introgression. Some of these avian systems have been studied extensively, while others have been indeterminate of whether hybridization exists in areas of sympatry. Using genomic-level approaches allows investigation of genomic patterns of hybridization and gene flow between species—or lack thereof.Methods: We investigated a narrow zone of sympatry in Nebraska, USA between pewee species(Contopus sordidulus and C. virens), for which no hybridization has been confirmed. We used thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms to identify potential hybridization and investigate genomic patterns of differentiation between these two species.Results: We found evidence of multiple hybrid individuals in the contact zone. Little genomic variation was fixed between species, but a large proportion had differentiated allele frequencies between species. There was a positive relationship between genetic differentiation and chromosome size.Conclusions: We provided the first conclusive evidence of hybridization between C. sordidulus and C. virens, in a region where secondary contact likely occurred due to human disturbance and habitat modification. The genomic patterns of differentiation affirm that these species split in the relatively recent past. Finally, the relationship of chromosome size and genetic differentiation may have resulted from differential rates of chromosomal recombination in songbirds and genetic differentiation between species largely due to genetic drift(possibly in concert with selection).

Evaluation of Flowering Pattern, Yield and Yield Determinants of Hybrid Tea Rose in Response to Seasonal Variations and Applied Organic Manure Rates

Seasonal variations in environmental conditions can have significant influence on flowering pattern and yield of roses. Evaluation studies were conducted to determine the flowering pattern and yield determinants of two Hybrid Tea rose cultivars in response to seasonal variations under rain-fed conditions. The 2 × 2 × 4 factorial experiment arranged in split plot design at three replications was conducted at two seasons (dry and wet) using two cultivars (cv. “Immaculate” and “P.H. Baby”, white and red flowers respectively) supplied with poultry manure (PM) application rates at 5, 10 and 20 t/ha where the unfertilized (0 t/ha) served as control. The result showed that the year two environmental conditions of both experiment I and II significantly improved plant height, number of leaves, number of buds (CNB) and opened flowers (CNF) and flower yield (FYD). “Immaculate” was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) taller with more leaves but thinner girth. Although generally lower in NF/NB, and not different in FYD, the “P.H. Baby” had more flowers (CNB and CNF) in experiment I. Except for no significant difference in FYD and lower NF/NB recorded by all manure rates compared to control in experiment II, plants treated with 5 t/ha PM recorded more flowers (CNB and CNF). Significant first and second order interaction effects (p ≤ 0.05) showed that “Immaculate” had taller height and more leaves but “P.H. Baby” had more CNB and CNF, although both were not different in FYD. In addition, plants supplied with 5 t/ha PM rates were better in plant height, number of leaves, CNB and CNF compared to other manure rates. In conclusion, year two environmental conditions supported better crop growth and yield, “Immaculate” grew better vegetatively but both were not different in floral yield, while the 5 t/ha PM was considered the optimum manure application rate under the rain-fed condition.

Preparation and Optical Patterning of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Color-Filter Films Using Latent Pigments by Utilizing Photo-Acid-Generator and Microwave Irradiation

Preparation and photo-patterning characteristics of organic-inorganic hybrid thin film containing latent pigment by using photo-acid-generator (PAG) and microwave irradiation have been investigated. The acrylic thin film modified with methoxysilane containing PAG was formed on a glass substrate and irradiated with ultraviolet rays to promote sol-gel reaction by catalytic action of acid which was generated from PAG. And then the film was hardened with microwave irradiation, yielding organic-inorganic hybrid polymer film having hardness, highly transparency and strong adhesion with a glass substrate. Since this reaction only occurred in the optically (UV) irradiated regions, by exploiting the difference between the adhesivenesses of these regions photo-irradiated through photomask with a glass substrate, it was possible to form a patterned film with pitch of 100 to 50 μm by a simple lift-off method. A pigment-containing film using latent pigments (with subtractive three primary colors of coloring materials) and a patterned film were prepared, and it was possible to make these films multi-colored by varying the mixing ratio of the pigments. This multi-colored film-preparation method is effective for simply and efficiently forming a color-filter film by applying optical and microwave irradiation.

锁定脆弱国家:撒哈拉以南非洲的安全供给与能力建设困境

由于国家安全机制的缺位或无效,撒哈拉以南非洲地区的安全供给出现地方化、社会化、商业化和外部化趋势。该地区国家内部的非国家行为体和来自外部的跨国行为体在不同的条件下组合,形成了碎片化、多种安全主体互补又竞争的“多元混杂”的安全供给格局,这与单一中心、自上而下的安全供给格局明显不同。在这种供给格局中,很难明确区分“国家和非国家”“正式和非正式”“现代和传统”,它们重叠交织在一起。安全供给的地方化、社会化、商业化和外部化使这一地区国家的安全能力被限制,整个国家的安全建设陷入困境,从而导致其“脆弱国家”的地位被“锁定”。由于国家化的动力不足,该地区安全供给的“多元混杂”格局短期内很难改变。作为全球“安全洼地”,中国与这一地区的安全合作空间巨大,因此可以从理念创新和实际操作两方面推动全球安全倡议的实践。

基于情境感知和序列模式挖掘的气象学习资源推荐算法

随着互联网的快速发展,气象部门职工作为学习者可以获得的学习资源得到极大丰富。信息超载导致检索合适的在线学习资源时遇到了困难;学习者在不同学习环境和序列访问模式上也有不同的学习需求。但是,现有的推荐系统,如基于内容的推荐和协同过滤,没有结合学习者的情境和序列访问模式,推荐结果准确度不高。本文提出了一种结合情境感知、序列模式挖掘和协同过滤算法的混合推荐算法来为学习者推荐学习资源。混合推荐算法中,情境感知被用来整合学习者的情境信息,如知识水平和学习目标;序列模式挖掘被用来对网络日志进行挖掘,发现学习者的序列访问模式;协同过滤被用来根据学习者的情境数据和序列访问模式为目标学习者计算预测并生成建议。实验和应用效果表明,该混合推荐算法推荐的质量和准确性方面优于其他推荐算法。

基于空间域图像生成和混合卷积神经网络的配电网故障选线方法

传统的配电网故障选线方法大多基于一维零序电流序列构建故障诊断模型,单一的诊断模型往往限制了故障特征的深层挖掘。为了提高故障选线的准确率,提出一种基于空间域图像和混合卷积神经网络的配电网故障选线方法。首先,利用优化的降噪光滑模型对零序电流信号进行降噪处理,减少外界环境的电磁干扰。其次,利用对称希尔伯特变换将一维时域信号转成二维空间域图像,图像的颜色、形状和纹理特征能够充分反映当前系统的运行状态。最后,将一维时域信号和二维空间域图像同步作为混合卷积神经网络的输入,充分挖掘系统的故障特征,利用Sigmoid函数实现故障选线。在辐射状配电网、IEEE-13节点模型、IEEE-34节点、StarSim仿真平台上模型上进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,该选线方法可以有效克服传统方法过度依赖主观特征选择、抗噪性能差等问题,能够在高阻接地、采样时间不同步、两点接地故障等极端情况下可靠地筛选出故障线路。

融合混合注意力的自编码器视频异常检测

为提高视频异常检测的准确率,提出一种融合混合注意力的自编码器视频异常检测算法。针对自编码器网络强大的“泛化”能力可能重构异常行为问题,提出一种混合注意力模块(CSCFAM)并将其融合至编码器和解码器之间的跳跃连接层以限制异常行为的生成。为考虑正常样本的多样性,在编码器和解码器之间的瓶颈处引入存储记忆模块(Memory),记录正常样本潜在特征的原型模式。实验结果表明,该算法在UCSD Ped2、CUHK Avenue数据集上帧级AUC分别达到97.3%、87.0%,与当前先进的视频异常检测算法相比,异常检测能力得到有效提升。

Effect of Aramid/Carbon Hybrid on the Tensile Properties of Multilayered Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites

The effects of aramid/carbon on tensile properties of multilayered biaxial weft knitted( MBWK) fabric reinforced composites are analyzed by experiments. The tensile tests are inducted by the SHIMADZU AG-250 KNE universal material testing machine and Aramis V6 digital image correlation( DIC) technique.More specifically,the composite samples own four hybrid ratios(Na∶ Nc= 12∶ 0,8 ∶ 4,6 ∶ 6 and 4 ∶ 8). The results showed that the aramid/carbon hybrid MBWK fabric reinforced composites showed nearly linear response until reaching the maximum load and the inserting yarns distribution on the surface of MBWK fabrics reinforced composites had a great influence on the strain pattern distribution. Besides,the tensile strength,the tensile modulus and the elongation at breakage of 0° samples and 90° samples increased with the decreasing of aramid/carbon hybrid ratio. In a word,the changes of tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at breakage have a lot to do with the difference of aramid/carbon hybrid ratio.

Technical Note on a Track-pattern-based Model for Predicting Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific

Recently, the National Typhoon Center （NTC） at the Korea Meteorological Administration launched a track-pattern-based model that predicts the horizontal distribution of tropical cyclone （TC） track density from June to October. This model is the first approach to target seasonal TC track clusters covering the entire western North Pacific （WNP） basin, and may represent a milestone for seasonal TC forecasting, using a simple statistical method that can be applied at weather operation centers. In this note, we describe the procedure of the track-pattern-based model with brief technical background to provide practical information on the use and operation of the model. The model comprises three major steps. First, long-term data of WNP TC tracks reveal seven climatological track clusters. Second, the TC counts for each cluster are predicted using a hybrid statistical-dynamical method, using the seasonal prediction of large-scale environments. Third, the final forecast map of track density is constructed by merging the spatial probabilities of the seven clusters and applying necessary bias corrections. Although the model is developed to issue the seasonal forecast in mid-May, it can be applied to alternative dates and target seasons following the procedure described in this note. Work continues on establishing an automatic system for this model at the NTC.

波束分裂模式检测下的太赫兹稀疏信道估计方案

针对现有的基于共同稀疏信道支持的理想假设的宽带信道估计方案中阵列增益严重损失的问题,提出一种波束分裂模式检测的信道估计改进方案。建立具有时延-相控模拟的混合预编码的宽带太赫兹大规模多输入多输出系统模型;通过波束分裂效应估计出信道分量的物理方向,检测出不同子载波的信道支持度,实现每个信道分量的估计。仿真结果表明,与其它信道估计方案相比,所提方案减少了导频开销,降低了计算复杂度,鲁棒性优越。

GA-DE混合优化算法在双频非周期阵列波束综合中的应用

针对双频非周期阵列波束综合问题,提出了一种将遗传算法与差分进化算法结合的优化算法(GA-DE混合优化算法)。该优化算法在每轮迭代时先利用差分进化算法生成与遗传算法相同规模的种群,将该种群与原种群混合后保留适应度较好的个体,然后再由遗传算法进行迭代优化;同时对遗传算法的选择、交叉、变异算子做出改进,提升了算法的全局搜索能力和收敛速度。通过与其他算法对比验证,混合优化算法可以优化得到更优的副瓣电平和增益,仿真结果表明该算法具有良好的性能。利用混合优化算法在保证阵列增益的条件下,以降低峰值副瓣电平为目标优化Ku/Ka双频混排标准化子阵和Ku/Ka双频混排整阵。优化后Ku和Ka整阵在扫描范围内最大峰值副瓣电平分别为-13.10 dB和-13.13 dB,最小增益分别为44.81 dB和44.58 dB,达到了指标要求,优化结果说明混合优化算法可以有效抑制非周期阵列栅瓣的出现和降低阵列的峰值副瓣电平。

接触式机械密封混合润滑状态摩擦演化规律研究

接触式机械密封在运转中主要处于混合润滑状态,为探究其混合润滑状态下摩擦机理,结合粗糙面弹塑性模型,求解考虑密封端面粗糙度效应的雷诺方程,探究了转速和介质压力等工况条件对密封混合润滑状态密封摩擦参数的影响,推导了密封声发射波能量公式,将密封混合润滑状态分为磨损期和稳定期,应用1.5维谱理论提取密封特征频率,探究混合润滑状态摩擦演化规律.研究结果表明摩擦参数影响密封声发射波能量幅值且密封摩擦形式随混合润滑状态发生变化:在磨损期,微凸体接触特征频率幅值较大,密封端面间摩擦以微凸体接触为主;在稳定期,流体膜黏性剪切摩擦特征频率幅值变大,黏性剪切效应增强,密封端面只存在局部微凸体接触.所得结论对接触式机械密封混合润滑状态摩擦机理的研究具有一定的理论指导意义.

基于灰狼-鸟群算法的特征权重优化方法

针对特征权重难以准确量化的问题,提出一种基于灰狼优化(grey wolf optimizer, GWO)算法和鸟群算法(bird swarm algorithm, BSA)的混合算法,用于特征权重的寻优。首先,将Chebyshev映射、反向学习与精英策略用于混合算法的初始种群生成;其次,将改进后的GWO算法位置更新策略融入BSA的觅食行为中,得到一种新的局部搜索策略;然后,将BSA的警觉行为与飞行行为用作混合算法的全局搜索平衡策略,从而得到一种收敛的灰狼-鸟群算法(grey wolf and bird swarm algorithm, GWBSA),通过GWBSA的迭代寻优可获得各特征的权重值。利用标准测试函数和标准分类数据集进行了对比实验,与遗传算法、蚁狮算法等方法相比,GWBSA具有较快的收敛速度且不易陷入局部最优,可以提高模式分类问题的求解质量。

基于深度学习融合的高压电缆局部放电诊断算法研究

为了研究电力电缆局部放电的模式识别,解决传统单一智能算法识别率低的问题,文中提出了一种融合多深度学习算法的混合智能算法。首先,设计并制作5种典型缺陷模型以模拟实际电力电缆中的缺陷,据此展开实验并收集数据;然后,通过对PRPD谱图的相窗归一化、去极端值等改进,以及绘制PRCD谱图,更全面凸显局部放电有用特征;最后,训练基于PRPD或PRCD的多种深度学习分算法,通过可信度融合得到混合智能算法。实验结果表明,该混合智能算法相比常规单一深度学习算法识别率有显著提升,总体可达98.504%,能够准确分辨出模拟电力电缆缺陷的5种类型,具有良好应用前景。

基于系留放飞双模无人机的雷达标校方法研究

传统雷达标校方法在效率、适应性、机动性和通用性等方面存在不足,利用经济、快捷、可动态部署的无人机平台标校是雷达标校系统的重要发展方向。论文提出了以系留放飞双模多旋翼无人机、空馈任务载荷与信号源等构建雷达标校系统的方法,分析计算了波瓣图测试与模拟目标测试的射频链路,测试了双模无人机的悬停精度,并通过试验验证了基于双模无人机的波瓣图绘制功能与模拟目标标校功能。采用双模无人机对某舰载雷达进行标定,同时采用传统高塔标校方法进行对照,表明无人机标校系统精度优于雷达测角误差指标的1/5,满足雷达标校需求。

需求变化下中国进口种类增长福利效应测算——基于替代弹性混合估计方法

基于1996—2019年CEPII-BACI数据库中国HS6位数进口产品数据,借鉴精确价格指数和替代弹性混合估计方法,测算了需求变化情形下中国进口种类增长福利效应。结果发现:忽略需求变化会严重低估中国进口种类增长福利效应。1996—2019年,需求变化情形下,混合估计方法测算的传统价格指数向上偏误32.755%,进口种类增长福利效应相当于GDP的5.229%,而标准估计方法低估进口种类增长福利效应达到GDP的2.623%。福利分解显示,HS6位数产品层面和ISIC2位数行业层面均呈现集中趋势;BEC分解表明中国“重生产和轻消费”的进口模式依然明显。研究完善了需求变化情形下进口种类增长福利效应估算理论,为中国实施扩大进口战略和构建新发展格局提供了重要的经验证据。

复杂岩性背景下储层地震反射特征研究

川中古隆起北斜坡风险探井JT1井在寒武系沧浪铺组测试获气51.62×10^(4)m^(3),实现了四川盆地沧浪铺组油气勘探首次突破。但是沧浪铺组为混积相,其复杂的岩性造成了内幕地震响应特征复杂,且前期针对沧浪铺组研究程度极低,并未系统开展过地球物理研究,给勘探推进工作带来了极大困难。基于此,综合钻井及地震资料,围绕川中地区沧浪铺组岩相及储层的地震响应模式开展了研究,结果表明:1)川中地区沧浪铺组存在5种岩相-地震相反射模式,其中,单轴模式和单轴复波模式为最优质的碳酸盐岩地震相。2)SOM波形聚类方法和波阻抗反演验证了地震相的准确性,可以进一步精细刻画沧浪铺组内部碳酸盐岩分布。3)古隆起北斜坡沧浪铺组存在两种优质储层地震反射模式,薄互层储层为岩性界面强轴伴复波模式,厚储层为岩性界面强轴伴亮点模式。综合研究认为,北斜坡沧浪铺组发育3个呈NW—SE向条带状展布的有利区,具有形成岩性圈闭的良好条件,合计面积达1270 km2,是下一步勘探的重点领域。建立了一套针对川中地区沧浪铺组复杂岩性背景下储层地震反射特征研究方法,为混积相薄储层地震预测提供了有效的研究思路。

直流参与稳定控制的典型场景及技术需求

能源资源与负荷中心逆向分布特征,决定了为提升能源综合使用效率、实现跨大区资源优化配置,需大力发展特高压直流输电技术。在目标电网发展和演变进程中,交直流混联电网将会呈现出混联结构差异化、电源类型多元化、直流落点规模化、交直耦合效应和动态行为复杂化等特征,不同混联格局则具有其鲜明的稳定特性。应用直流多速率、大容量、多类型功率调控功能,是混联电网稳定控制的重要技术手段,也是实现智能化和柔性化控制的重要措施。以我国运行与规划电网为背景,梳理8类直流参与电网稳定控制的典型场景及策略,并提出促进工程应用的技术发展需求。研究结论,对深入理解交直流混联电网稳定特性,提升混联电网安全稳定运行控制能力,提供了重要技术支撑。

一种混合应用模式的土地执法核查APP的设计与实现——以武汉市国土规划执法监察移动系统为例

研究了以Ionic和Cordova框架为基础,结合移动Web GIS技术和SOA架构的混合应用开发模式,开发了土地执法外业核查APP。详细介绍了系统的架构和实现方法,并阐述了系统的核心功能与关键技术应用。在武汉市开展实际应用,验证了系统的可行性与科学性,与传统模式开发的应用系统相比,该系统在跨平台、高性能、低成本上有显著优势。