Design and Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Claw Pole Machine with Hybrid Cores

Permanent magnet claw pole machine(PMCPM) is a special kind of transverse flux permanent magnet machine. Compared with other electrical machines, it has the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency for high speed operation. However, because of its complex irregular structure, the manufacturing process using silicon sheets is complicated. Soft magnetic composite material(SMC) is manufactured by powder metallurgy technology, which can produce various shapes of stator core structures, so it is easier to produce various irregular shapes of the stator core. However, the raw SMC material is relatively expensive, and the mechanical strength of SMC is weak. In this paper, a PMCPM with hybrid cores is proposed. With the adoption of hybrid silicon sheet-SMC cores and amorphous alloy-SMC cores, the torque ability of PMCPM can be improved greatly and it can have higher efficiency for more wide operation frequency. Meanwhile, its mechanical strength has been improved and it can be designed for high torque direct drive applications as it is a modular machine. Furthermore, three methods are proposed to reduce the additional eddy current loss which resulted from the employment of hybrid cores in PMCPM.

Analysis of Torque Ripple of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor

Torque tripple has significant effect on performance of permanent magnet brushless DC motor. This paper presents a mathematical model built for such a motor, the analysis of torque tripple for a brushless DC motor with sinusoidal flux distribution, which is verified by torque tripple experiments run with a test motor, and equations developed for torque tripple resulting from different sator current errors.

Optimization Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Permanent Magnet Flux-Switching Motor with Compound Rotor Configuration

This paper proposes a type of flux-switching permanent magnet(FSPM)motor,where the design concept of the hybrid permanent magnets(HPM)and the compound rotor are incorporated into the motor design.In such design,the proposed motor can not only realize the significant reduction of NdFeB volume,but also artfully convert external magnetic flux leakage into the air-gap field to achieve competitive torque density and desirable PM usage efficiency.For extensive investigation,two topologies of the HPM are designed and analyzed for the proposed motor,which consist of the parallel-magnetic-hybrid(PMH)mode and serial-magnetic-hybrid(SMH)mode.To fully exploit the potential advantages of the proposed motor,a multi-objective optimization design is conducted,where the response surface method(RSM)and sequential non-linear programming(SNP)method are purposely utilized.After optimization,the electromagnetic performances of the motor with PMH mode and SMH mode are evaluated and compared by using finite element method(FEM),which include the back-EMF,cogging torque,output torque,and so on.Furthermore,the partial demagnetization of the ferrite PM is also investigated in the paper.Finally,the theoretical analysis and simulation study verify the effectiveness of the proposed motor and corresponding optimization design.

Temperature Research of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor for Electric Balanced Vehicle

A power system structure composed of a brushless DC motor and a cycloidal reducer for electric balanced vehicle has been proposed, and the temperature of important components in this structure would be discussed. The loss generated by the cycloid reducer is negligible, it’s only need to analyze the thermal field of motor. Since the temperature change will affect the material properties of the target motor, the electromagnetic and temperature fields, involved in the motor, are selected for coupling calculation to determine whether the final temperature distribution can meet the requirements of vehicle for use.

Simplified EKF Based Sensorless Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Brushless AC Drives

A simplified extended Kalman filter (EKF) based sensorless direct torque control technique for a permanent magnet brushless AC drive is proposed. Its performance is compared with that obtained with other sensorless methods for estimating the rotor speed and position from a stator flux-linkage. Since the EKF has an inherently adaptive filtering capability and does not introduce phase delay, the technique provides better speed estimates. In addition, the technique is easy to implement and requires minimal computation.

Cogging Torque Reduction in Axial Flux PMSM with Different Permanent Magnet Combination

With the increasing requirement for the mechanical vibration and acoustic noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)drive system,the demand for cogging torque reduction of PMSM has been considerably increased.To solve the problem of oversized cogging torque of axial flux PMSM,a rotor topology with hybrid permanent magnet is proposed to weaken the cogging torque.Firstly,the expression of the cogging torque of the axial flux motor is derived,and the influence of the pole-arc ratio of the permanent magnet on the cogging torque is analyzed.Secondly,the rotor structure with hybrid permanent magnet is adopted to reduce the cogging torque.According to the analytical analysis,the constraints of the size and pole-arc ratio between the hybrid permanent magnets are obtained,and the two permanent magnets related to the minimum cogging torque are determined.And the analysis results are verified by the finite element simulation.Furthermore,the motor performance with and without the hybrid permanent magnet is compared with each other.Finally,the cogging torque is significantly reduced by adopting a rotor structure with hybrid permanent magnets.

Design optimization of a slotless PM brushless motor with helical edge wound laminations for rim driven thrusters

This paper discusses the analysis and design of a very thin slotless permanent magnet （PM） brushless motor whose stator laminations are manufactured from a single strip of steel that is edge wound into a spiral （like a ＂Slinky＂） and then fitted over the windings that are preformed on the outside surface of a non-conducting former. Analytical and finite element analysis （FEA） are used to determine the con- strained optimum dimensions of a motor used to drive a rim driven thruster in which the motor rotor is fit- ted onto the rim of the propeller and the stator is encapsulated in the thin Kort nozzle of the thruster. The paper describes the fabrication of a demonstrator motor and presents experimental results to validate the theoretical calculations. Experimental motor performance results are also reported and compared with those of a slotted motor that fits within the same active radial dimensions as the slotless motor. The slotless motor, which has longer active length and endwindings, and thicker magnets than the slotted motor, was found to be less efficient and more expensive （prototype cost） than the slotted machine.

Six-step Voltage Control of PM Brushless AC Motors under High Speed Flux-weakening Operation for EV/HEV Applications

The torque-speed characteristics of brushless motor having an interior permanent magnet rotor and a sinusoidal back-emf waveform are compared experimentally when it is operated in brushless AC(BLAC) mode and brushless DC (BLDC) modes with both 2-phase,120° conduction(BLDC-120) and 3-phase,180° conduction(BLDC-180).Particular emphasis is on high-speed,six-step voltage controlled,flux-weakening operation.It is shown that for EV/HEV applications,even for interior PM brushless motors which have sinusoidal back-emf waveforms,in order to achieve maximum torque per ampere capability over wide operation speed range,it is advantageous to employ a hybrid operation mode-BLAC operation in the constant torque region and six-step voltage control(BLDC-180 operation,together with current phase control) in the flux-weakening region.

基于磁热耦合法的非对称混合磁极永磁电机热分析

针对传统内置永磁电机损耗高、发热量大的问题,提出非对称混合磁极永磁电机拓扑结构.介绍非对称混合磁极永磁电机的拓扑结构,对比分析两者的电磁特性与损耗分布特性.针对非对称混合磁极永磁电机分布式绕组的结构特点,对绕组进行等效处理,确定等效导热系数,建立集中参数热网络模型.建立单向磁热耦合模型,计算电机各部件的温度分布,验证了热网络模型的正确性.考虑到温度对永磁材料的影响,建立双向磁热耦合模型,对比分析不同电流密度对电机温升的影响规律.试制一台样机并搭建温升试验平台进行温升试验,验证了新型拓扑结构的有效性与合理性以及磁热双向耦合法计算结果的准确性.

永磁同步电机机壳串并联混合流道液冷分析

针对机壳串联流道水冷永磁同步电机散热冷却水压力损失过大的问题,提出一款新型机壳串并联混合流道,对某型号42 kW车用永磁同步电机冷却散热进行了计算,比较了机壳串并联混合流道与串联流道冷却电机最高温度与冷却水压力损失,分析了机壳串并联混合流道环形流道数量、槽深及冷却水流量对电机冷却散热影响。结果表明:电机以额定工况运行时,在相同对流换热面积及冷却液流量条件下,机壳串并联混合流道冷却水进出口压降比串联流道减小26 693 Pa,降低67%,而机壳串并联混合流道比串联流道冷却电机最高温度升高0.6℃,增大0.68%;机壳串并联混合流道环形流道数量增多或冷却水流量增大均能加快机壳串并联混合流道冷却永磁同步电机散热,但冷却水压力损失会有所增大;流道槽深增加可显著降低冷却水压力损失,但对电机最高温度变化影响较小。

混合转子永磁电机双风道冷却系统设计

混合转子永磁电机具有高功率密度的优势,但也导致电机散热空间和散热能力不足等问题。为此,根据其特有的转子结构提出一种双风道冷却系统,并采用计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的方法对电机温度场进行验证。首先,根据电机损耗和尺寸设计一个适合双风道的轴流风扇。其次,对不同进、出风口的结构参数进行仿真,对比和分析仿真结果,选出冷却性能较好的参数组合。最后对单风道和该参数组合下的双风道进行数值模拟,仿真结果表明,使用双风道冷却结构后电机散热能力显著提升。

车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制仿真研究

永磁无刷直流电动机的转矩与转速会对电机的控制精度造成影响,导致电机弱磁控制效果差。为了提升整体控制性能,提出车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制仿真方法。分析车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁转矩特性,获取电机电磁转矩关系。根据获取结果建立永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制系统,利用该系统控制电机弱磁的电磁转矩与运行效率,以此实现整体控制。实验结果表明,通过对所提方法开展电机运行效率测试、电机运行稳定性测试,验证了上述方法的有效性。

无人机17kW电机振动噪声分析与巡航转速下尖端噪声优化

随着无人机的迅速发展,噪声问题影响消费者体验及AI交互、语音识别等技术,限制了无人机应用潜力。该文针对一台17 kW无人机用外转子永磁同步电机进行研究。为降低电机尖端振动噪声,且保留原电机电磁性能,重点提出优化磁极和定子开槽的方法。具体以平均转矩、转矩脉动等作为约束条件,构建多目标优化数学模型,并利用混合粒子群优化算法求解。该文深入探讨磁极参数、定子开槽对低阶次径向气隙磁通密度空间谐波特征的影响。并对电机转子模态仿真,以研究径向电磁力与空间模态的作用机理。在多转速情况下,以巡航转速为重点,分析整体电机电磁振动噪声特征。最后,仿真和实验结果表明,电机在巡航转速下的尖端噪声显著减小。验证了优化结构对无人机电机尖端振动噪声有明显抑制作用,对解决无人机噪声问题具有重要意义。

真空干泵用永磁-磁阻复合式同步电机设计与分析

针对真空干泵用驱动电机在真空环境中转子散热难的问题,设计了一种混合励磁永磁-磁阻复合式同步电机。该电机转子永磁体励磁结构由钕铁硼与铁氧体两种磁体组成,旨在改变永磁体的排布方式,降低电机的损耗。首先,构建电机转子的拓扑结构,并设计两种方案来研究永磁体的排列方式对电机性能的影响;其次,分析转子参数对电机空载反电动势和电磁转矩的影响,并对电机转子的尺寸进行调整;然后,对比两种方案的损耗大小,选择损耗更低的电机方案;最后,通过有限元计算对目标电机进行了温度场分析,结果表明,所设计方案的电机温度分布合理,因此通过改变永磁体的排布方式能有效提升电机效率,降低电机损耗,确保电机稳定运行。

潜液式液化天然气泵用低温永磁同步电机研究现状综述

低温永磁同步电机具有高效率、高功率密度和运行稳定的优点,正在逐步替代低温感应电机,成为液化天然气泵用低温电机未来的发展趋势,但仍有一些关键技术问题有待解决。该文首先详细阐述了低温环境下永磁同步电机关键材料的电磁特性和机械特性的变化规律,明确了不同材料的选取原则。在此基础上,重点总结了低温永磁同步电机的设计方法、拓扑结构、多物理场耦合分析及控制策略等关键技术。然后,介绍了现有低温电机的制造工艺与测试方法,指出当前低温电机测试所面临的挑战和不足。最后,探讨了低温永磁同步电机领域亟待解决的关键技术问题,并对低温永磁同步电机的研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望。

轴向磁场混合永磁记忆电机电磁转矩精确分离

为了解决传统记忆电机转矩密度较低,电枢绕组与励磁绕组空间位置冲突等问题,结合轴向磁场永磁电机,提出一种新型轴向磁场混合永磁记忆电机.该电机采用定子分离结构,使用NdFeB与AlNiCo混合励磁,实现宽调速范围和高转矩密度.为了分析不同永磁体对新型电机输出转矩的贡献,解决传统冻结磁导率法无法准确分离电磁转矩的问题,提出一种新型冻结磁导率法,并对比分析了2种方法的分离结果.结果表明:在不同磁化状态下,新型转矩分离方法的分离精度始终高于传统转矩分离方法,与有限元计算结果的相对误差始终小于5%;在正向完全充磁状态下,新型转矩分离方法与有限元计算结果的相对误差仅为0.94%.所提转矩分离方法实现了新型记忆电机中电磁转矩的精确分离.

轴向磁通永磁电机混合冷却结构设计与分析

针对轴向磁通永磁电机损耗大和散热困难的问题,提出了风冷结构和混合冷却结构,其中混合冷却结构由端盖风冷结构和定子水冷结构组成。建立了电机的三维模型,采用流固耦合法对电机进行仿真分析,通过对比两种冷却结构的冷却效果,选择了混合冷却结构作为电机的冷却系统。通过仿真分析了流速对电机温升的影响,并根据仿真结果确定了混合冷却结构最佳的入口风速以及水速,证明了混合冷却结构的有效性,为轴向磁通永磁电机的冷却系统设计提供了一定的参考。

微型永磁无刷直流电机的设计与优化

对一款航空用微型永磁无刷直流电机进行了设计,永磁体选用钐钴进行Halbach阵列充磁,并对电机的部分参数进行了优化,与原方案相比,优化了电机的输出转矩。制作了一款实物样机,通过对样机的测试,验证了优化的可行性。

稀土永磁同步电机的轻量化技术分析

阐述稀土永磁同步电机的优点,它是一种采用稀土永磁材料作为励磁的同步电机,具有无滑差、高效率、高功率因数等。探讨稀土永磁同步电机的拓扑结构设计和优化、稀土永磁同步电机机壳以及支撑架的结构优化。介绍稀土永磁同步电机集成化的特点。

混合辅助同步磁阻电机转子拓扑分析与优化

针对内置永磁同步电机稀土永磁体用量较多以及铁氧体辅助同步磁阻电机易发生不可逆退磁的问题,提出采用铁氧体和稀土混合的方式,将铁氧体退磁严重的区域换成稀土永磁体,建立混合磁体辅助同步磁阻电机。考虑到该电机转矩脉动较大,优化参数较多,采用基于遗传算法和田口法相结合的多目标优化分析方法,以降低转矩脉动和提高平均转矩为优化目标,对电机转子结构参数进行优化。相比传统遗传算法,该多目标优化方法不仅提升了平均转矩、降低了转矩脉动和稀土用量,而且减少了计算量。利用样机进行负载转矩实验,实验实测值与有限元仿真值误差在5%以内,证明了有限元仿真分析结果的正确性。