Software Defect Prediction Using Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques: A Comparative Study

When a customer uses the software, then it is possible to occur defects that can be removed in the updated versions of the software. Hence, in the present work, a robust examination of cross-project software defect prediction is elaborated through an innovative hybrid machine learning framework. The proposed technique combines an advanced deep neural network architecture with ensemble models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost. The study evaluates the performance by considering multiple software projects like CM1, JM1, KC1, and PC1 using datasets from the PROMISE Software Engineering Repository. The three hybrid models that are compared are Hybrid Model-1 (SVM, RandomForest, XGBoost, Neural Network), Hybrid Model-2 (GradientBoosting, DecisionTree, LogisticRegression, Neural Network), and Hybrid Model-3 (KNeighbors, GaussianNB, Support Vector Classification (SVC), Neural Network), and the Hybrid Model 3 surpasses the others in terms of recall, F1-score, accuracy, ROC AUC, and precision. The presented work offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of hybrid techniques for cross-project defect prediction, providing a comparative perspective on early defect identification and mitigation strategies. .

A Parallel Hybrid Testing Technique for Tri-Programming Model-Based Software Systems

Recently,researchers have shown increasing interest in combining more than one programming model into systems running on high performance computing systems(HPCs)to achieve exascale by applying parallelism at multiple levels.Combining different programming paradigms,such as Message Passing Interface(MPI),Open Multiple Processing(OpenMP),and Open Accelerators(OpenACC),can increase computation speed and improve performance.During the integration of multiple models,the probability of runtime errors increases,making their detection difficult,especially in the absence of testing techniques that can detect these errors.Numerous studies have been conducted to identify these errors,but no technique exists for detecting errors in three-level programming models.Despite the increasing research that integrates the three programming models,MPI,OpenMP,and OpenACC,a testing technology to detect runtime errors,such as deadlocks and race conditions,which can arise from this integration has not been developed.Therefore,this paper begins with a definition and explanation of runtime errors that result fromintegrating the three programming models that compilers cannot detect.For the first time,this paper presents a classification of operational errors that can result from the integration of the three models.This paper also proposes a parallel hybrid testing technique for detecting runtime errors in systems built in the C++programming language that uses the triple programming models MPI,OpenMP,and OpenACC.This hybrid technology combines static technology and dynamic technology,given that some errors can be detected using static techniques,whereas others can be detected using dynamic technology.The hybrid technique can detect more errors because it combines two distinct technologies.The proposed static technology detects a wide range of error types in less time,whereas a portion of the potential errors that may or may not occur depending on the 4502 CMC,2023,vol.74,no.2 operating environment are left to the dynamic technology,which completes the validation.

Optimization of Friction and Wear Behaviour in Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites Using Taguchi Technique

Al-7075 alloy-base matrix, reinforced with mixtures of silicon carbide (SiC) and boron carbide (B4C) particles, know as hybrid composites have been fabricated by stir casting technique (liquid metallurgy route) and optimized at different parameters like sliding speed, applied load, sliding time, and percentage of reinforcement by Taguchi method. The specimens were examined by Rockwell hardness test machine, Pin on Disc, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Optical Microscope. A plan of experiment generated through Taguchi’s technique is used to conduct experiments based on L27 orthogonal array. The developed ANOVA and the regression equations were used to find the optimum wear as well as co-efficient of friction under the influence of sliding speed, applied load, sliding time and percentage of reinforcement. The dry sliding wear resistance was analyzed on the basis of “smaller the best”. Finally, confirmation tests were carried out to verify the experimental results.

Hybrid Model Testing Technique for Deep-Sea Platforms Based on Equivalent Water Depth Truncation

In this paper,an inner turret moored FPSO which works in the water of 320 m depth,is selected to study the so-called "passively-truncated + numerical-simulation" type of hybrid model testing technique while the truncated water depth is 160 m and the model scale λ=80.During the investigation,the optimization design of the equivalent-depth truncated system is performed by using the similarity of the static characteristics between the truncated system and the full depth one as the objective function.According to the truncated system,the corresponding physical test model is made.By adopting the coupling time domain simulation method,the truncated system model test is numerically reconstructed to carefully verify the computer simulation software and to adjust the corresponding hydrodynamic parameters.Based on the above work,the numerical extrapolation to the full depth system is performed by using the verified computer software and the adjusted hydrodynamic parameters.The full depth system model test is then performed in the basin and the results are compared with those from the numerical extrapolation.At last,the implementation procedure and the key technique of the hybrid model testing of the deep-sea platforms are summarized and printed.Through the above investigations,some beneficial conclusions are presented.

High-yield Production Techniques of High-quality and Early Maturity Hybrid Rice Xiangzaoyou 2017

Xiangzaoyou 2017 is an excellent early maturing variety bred from the combination of Neixiang 3A and the self-fertile restorer QN 2017 by Qiannan Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Guizhou Province,and it has been approved by the Guizhou Crop Variety Approval Committee( Approval No.: Qianshendao 2006001).In order to promote its application in production,the research on the seed production techniques of Xiangzaoyou 2017 was carried out,and the key technical points of high-yield seed production of Xiangzaoyou 2017 were put forward.

USING Hybrid Adaptive Techniques to Reduce Multipath Effects in S-PCN Mobile Terminals

Multipath signal processing is a promising technique for increasing the capacity of downlink frequency of satellite communication networks (S-PCN). The paper presents an approach to processing and reducing multipath signals received from S-PCN typified of mobile terminal users in clustered or mountainous environment. Use of hybrid linear adaptive antenna array technique and adaptive filtering technique provides improved performance by eliminating uncorrelated signal residing in antenna sidelobes.

Detection of Behavioral Patterns Employing a Hybrid Approach of Computational Techniques

As far as the present state is concerned in detecting the behavioral pattern of humans(subject)using morphological image processing,a considerable portion of the study has been conducted utilizing frontal vision data of human faces.The present research work had used a side vision of human-face data to develop a theoretical framework via a hybrid analytical model approach.In this example,hybridization includes an artificial neural network(ANN)with a genetic algorithm(GA).We researched the geometrical properties extracted from side-vision human-face data.An additional study was conducted to determine the ideal number of geometrical characteristics to pick while clustering.The close vicinity ofminimum distance measurements is done for these clusters,mapped for proper classification and decision process of behavioral pattern.To identify the data acquired,support vector machines and artificial neural networks are utilized.A method known as an adaptiveunidirectional associative memory(AUTAM)was used to map one side of a human face to the other side of the same subject.The behavioral pattern has been detected based on two-class problem classification,and the decision process has been done using a genetic algorithm with best-fit measurements.The developed algorithm in the present work has been tested by considering a dataset of 100 subjects and tested using standard databases like FERET,Multi-PIE,Yale Face database,RTR,CASIA,etc.The complexity measures have also been calculated under worst-case and best-case situations.

Hybrid Security Techniques for Internet of Things Healthcare Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the future where every day physical objects will be connected to the internet and be able to identify themselves to other devices. IoT is a new revolution of the Internet and It will effect in a large number of applications such as smart living, smart home, healthcare systems, smart manufacturing, environment monitoring, and smart logistics. This paper provides integration, summarizes and surveys some of the security techniques especially hybrid techniques that can be applied with healthcare applications in IoT environment.

A Triple-Channel Encrypted Hybrid Fusion Technique to Improve Security of Medical Images

Assuring medical images protection and robustness is a compulsory necessity nowadays.In this paper,a novel technique is proposed that fuses the wavelet-induced multi-resolution decomposition of the Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT)with the energy compaction of the Discrete Wavelet Transform(DCT).The multi-level Encryption-based Hybrid Fusion Technique(EbhFT)aims to achieve great advances in terms of imperceptibility and security of medical images.A DWT disintegrated sub-band of a cover image is reformed simultaneously using the DCT transform.Afterwards,a 64-bit hex key is employed to encrypt the host image as well as participate in the second key creation process to encode the watermark.Lastly,a PN-sequence key is formed along with a supplementary key in the third layer of the EbHFT.Thus,the watermarked image is generated by enclosing both keys into DWT and DCT coefficients.The fusions ability of the proposed EbHFT technique makes the best use of the distinct privileges of using both DWT and DCT methods.In order to validate the proposed technique,a standard dataset of medical images is used.Simulation results show higher performance of the visual quality(i.e.,57.65)for the watermarked forms of all types of medical images.In addition,EbHFT robustness outperforms an existing scheme tested for the same dataset in terms of Normalized Correlation(NC).Finally,extra protection for digital images from against illegal replicating and unapproved tampering using the proposed technique.

Combined endoscopy/laparoscopy/percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, hybrid techniques in gastrointestinal and biliary diseases

In recent years,a wide range of gastrointestinal endoscopy techniques have been developed,such as endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Although ESD and ERCP have an important role in gastrointestinal and biliary diseases,each technique has its limitations.Hybrid techniques that combine endoscopic and surgical procedures have emerged that have the advantages of different procedures and negate their limitations at the same time.Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery and modified laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery combine ESD and laparoscopic techniques to resect submucosal tumors with minimum resection area.Air leak test by intraoperative endoscopy can effectively identify a mechanically insufficient anastomosis and decrease the complication rate.The rendezvous technique that combines percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and endoscopy can be performed as a rescue approach for the treatment of biliary obstruction,stenosis and bile duct injuries.For patients with simultaneous presence of stones in the gallbladder and the common bile duct,the laparoendoscopic rendezvous technique can perform ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the same time and reduces the risk of pancreatic injury caused by ERCP.Biliobiliary and bilioenteric anastomosis using magnetic compression anastomosis is another choice for biliary obstruction.The most common used approach to deliver the magnets is by percutaneous-peroral tract.Laparoscopicassisted ERCP is a safe and highly effective therapy for patients who develop biliary diseases after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Pollination Methods and Embryo Rescue Techniques of Hybridization between Lilium Oriental Hybrids

The pollination methods and embryo rescue techniques of hybridization between Lilium Oriental hybrids were studied in this paper. The results showed that:( 1) in the combination of‘Justina'בShela',pollen tubes were observed to grow downward in styles and target to ovules in ovaries when normal stigma pollination method was used; pollen tubes were found to grow directionless to a different degree at stylar cuts and in ovaries when cut-style pollination method was used; the longer the styles were left,the more pollen tubes toward to ovules were observed and more plump seeds were produced; the maximum plump seeds were obtained via normal stigma pollination.( 2) Hybridization experiments were performed for the 56 combinations of Lilium Oriental hybrids with normal stigma pollination,and one combination generated no plump ovule and three combinations generated fewer than 10 plump ovules while the other 52 combinations generated plenty of plump ovules,which preliminarily indicated that normal stigma pollination method could be used as an universal pollination technique for hybridization between Lilium Oriental hybrids. The experiment results of different embryo rescue techniques showed that using cut-ovule inoculation about 70 d after pollination had a faster germination speed and a higher germination rate of hybrid embryo than normal ovule inoculation,and embryo rescue efficiency of the former method was obviously higher than " embryo isolated inoculation" on 40 d after pollination. The research suggested that " cut-ovule inoculation" about 70 d after pollination could be regarded as an universal embryo rescue technique for hybridization between Lilium Oriental hybrids.

Substructure hybrid testing of reinforced concrete shear wall structure using a domain overlapping technique

An online hybrid test was carried out on a 40-story 120-m high concrete shear wall structure.The structure was divided into two substructures whereby a physical model of the bottom three stories was tested in the laboratory and the upper 37 stories were simulated numerically using ABAQUS.An overlapping domain method was employed for the bottom three stories to ensure the validity of the boundary conditions of the superstructure.Mixed control was adopted in the test.Displacement control was used to apply the horizontal displacement,while two controlled force actuators were applied to simulate the overturning moment,which is very large and cannot be ignored in the substructure hybrid test of high-rise buildings.A series of tests with earthquake sources of sequentially increasing intensities were carried out.The test results indicate that the proposed hybrid test method is a solution to reproduce the seismic response of high-rise concrete shear wall buildings.The seismic performance of the tested precast high-rise building satisfies the requirements of the Chinese seismic design code.

Closure technique for the hybrid girder cable stayed bridge of Edong Bridge

Based on Edong Yangtze River Bridge, which is the second longest hybrid girder cable stayed bridge with 926 m long main span, the influencing factors and crucial techniques of the main span closure method for long span hybrid girder cable stayed bridge are studied. After theoretical analysis, numerical evaluation and practical test, the loading assistant closure method is employed in Edong Yangtze River Bridge. The loading assistant closure method, with better thermal adaptability and less influence on bridge line and the forced status, can meet the requirements of the unstressed state control method. Based on the mentioned advantages, the loading assistant closure method is applicable to long span hybrid girder cable stayed bridges. The conclusion can provide a reference for the further design of the similar bridges.

Application of several optimization techniques for estimating TBM advance rate in granitic rocks

This study aims to develop several optimization techniques for predicting advance rate of tunnel boring machine(TBM)in different weathered zones of granite.For this purpose,extensive field and laboratory studies have been conducted along the 12,649 m of the Pahang-Selangor raw water transfer tunnel in Malaysia.Rock properties consisting of uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),Brazilian tensile strength(BTS),rock mass rating(RMR),rock quality designation(RQD),quartz content(q)and weathered zone as well as machine specifications including thrust force and revolution per minute(RPM)were measured to establish comprehensive datasets for optimization.Accordingly,to estimate the advance rate of TBM,two new hybrid optimization techniques,i.e.an artificial neural network(ANN)combined with both imperialist competitive algorithm(ICA)and particle swarm optimization(PSO),were developed for mechanical tunneling in granitic rocks.Further,the new hybrid optimization techniques were compared and the best one was chosen among them to be used for practice.To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed models for both testing and training datasets,various statistical indices including coefficient of determination(R^2),root mean square error(RMSE)and variance account for(VAF)were utilized herein.The values of R^2,RMSE,and VAF ranged in 0.939-0.961,0.022-0.036,and 93.899-96.145,respectively,with the PSO-ANN hybrid technique demonstrating the best performance.It is concluded that both the optimization techniques,i.e.PSO-ANN and ICA-ANN,could be utilized for predicting the advance rate of TBMs;however,the PSO-ANN technique is superior.

Studies on in situ PCR Detected by the BrdU Antibody Technique

ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｉｎｓｉｔｕＰＣＲＤｅｔｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＢｒｄＵＡｎｔｉｂｏｄｙＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ￥ＺｈａｎｇＸｉｙｕａｎ；ＪｉａｎｇＨａｉｂｏ；ＭａＱｉＹａｎｇＪｉａｎｑｉ；ＬｉＬｉｉｌａ；ＬｉｕＴｉｎｇ（ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＬｉｆｅＳｃｉｅｎ...

Review:Scalable Fabrication of Polymeric Nanofibers from Nano⁃ Spinning Techniques to Emerging Applications

Research in the nanofibers field is attracting an ever-increasing attention from the industrial and academic sector. This attention is justified by the high specific surface area and high porosity, diversity of physical/chemical modification, and simplicity of hybridization. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art progress on the fabrication of polymeric nanofibers(PNFs) with particular emphasis on their scalable productions for emerging applications. First, the engineering processes and equipment for PNFs production are briefly introduced, and the effects of the polymer precursors, operational parameters, and environmental conditions on the nanofiber’s formation are illustrated. The past achievements and current challenges of PNF preparation in industrial production are also discussed. Hybridization methods to prepare multifunctional composite nanofibers are also reviewed, including organic incorporation modification, loading functional inorganic nanomaterials, and biological active components on/into nanofibers. Given these hybridizations and functions, a variety of applications are then discussed, focusing mainly on environmental and biomedical applications. Finally, conclusions are drawn and prospects are given according to the reviewed research.

HYBRID PERTURBATION-GALERKIN SOLUTION OF THE FLOW IN A CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION TUBE WITH CONSTRICTION

Using hybrid perturbatin_Galerkin technique,a crcular cross_section tube model with sinusoidal wall is studied.This technique can remove the limitation of small parameters for perturbation and the difficulty of selecting good coordinate functions about Galerkin technique.The effects caused by the boundary conditions and the Reynolds number on the flow were discussed.The position of the separate and reattachment points was obtained.The tendency of the variation about the shear stress on the wall and friction factor along the axis direction were also analyzed.The results at a small parameter have good agreements with the perturbation ones.