Preparation of Titanium-silphenylene-siloxane Hybrid Polymers with High Refractive Index,Transmittance,and Thermal Stability

Vinyl-containingtitanium-silphenylene-sioxane oligomers(O1,O2,O3,andO4)withdifferent molar ratios of titanium to silicon were successfully synthesized in high yields by nonhydrolytic sol-gel reaction,and the obtained four oligomers were further crosslinked with methylphenyl hydro-silicone oil(4)to form corresponding polymers(P1,P2,P3,and P4)by hydrosilylation reaction.Their structures were characterized with spectroscopic characterization techniques including FTIR,1H-NMR,and Raman spectroscopy.The effect of titanium element on crosslinking behavior,thermal resistance,refractive index,transparency,thermal aging stability,glass transition temperature,and surface properties of the polymers were studied.Compared with titanium-free polymer P1,the thermal resistance,refractive index,and thermal aging stability of titanium-silphenylene-siloxane polymers(P2,P3,and P4)were significantly improved.The titanium-silphenylene-siloxane polymers achieved a high refractive index(n=1.580-1.584)and thermostability(Tsd>500℃).In thermal aging,the polymers exhibited superior performances with high optical transparency(~90%at 450 nm)and exhibited high thermal stability(~84%at 450 nm after thermal aging at 150℃for 120 h).These data indicate that the polymers have potential application in optical materials such as LED encapsulants.

Dynamic and buckling analysis of polymer hybrid composite beam with variable thickness

This work deals with a study of the dynamic and buckling analysis of polymer hybrid composite(PHC) beam. The beam has variable thickness and is reinforced by carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and nanoclay(NC) simultaneously. The governing equations are derived based on the first shear deformation theory(FSDT). A three-phase HalpinTsai approach is used to predict the mechanical properties of the PHC. We focus our attention on the effect of the simultaneous addition of NC and CNT on the vibration and buckling analysis of the PHC beam with variable thickness. Also a comparison study is done on the sensation of three impressive parameters including CNT, NC weight fractions, and the shape factor of fillers on the mechanical properties of PHC beams,as well as fundamental frequencies of free vibrations and critical buckling load. The results show that the increase of shape factor value, NC, and CNT weight fractions leads to considerable reinforcement in mechanical properties as well as increase of the dimensionless fundamental frequency and buckling load. The variation of CNT weight fraction on elastic modulus is more sensitive rather than shear modulus but the effect of NC weight fraction on elastic and shear moduli is fairly the same. The shape factor values more than the medium level do not affect the mechanical properties.

Analysis on the Durability of Hybrid Polymer Composites for Power FGD System

The corrosion condition of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) equipment for the coal-fired power plant was defined as the strong corrosion grade. The lining system of hybrid polymer composite was used in internal cylinder of steel chimney, and a corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant protective layer was formed on the metal surface. The corrosion-resistant and ageing-resistant properties of hybrid polymer composite prepared at low temperature after four years of practical use were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and measurement of gravimetric variation, contact angle, abrasion resistance, bonding strength and tensile strength. The properties of hybrid polymer composites prepared at 25℃ and –15℃ were comparatively analyzed in the paper.

Preparation and properties of a POSS-containing organic-inorganic hybrid crosslinked polymer

A novel POSS-containing organic-inorganic hybrid crosslinked polymer was prepared by hydrosilylation reaction of octahydridosilsesquioxane （TsHs） with 4,4＇-bis（4-altyloxybenzoyloxy）phenyl （diene A）. Its structure and property was characterized by FFIR, 29Si NMR, TGA and ellipsometer, respectively. The results show that the hybrid polymer possesses high thermal stability and low dielectric constant of 1.97 at optical frequencies.

Modelling and Characterization of Basalt/Vinyl Ester/SiC Micro-and Nano-hybrid Biocomposites Properties Using Novel ANN–GA Approach

Basalt fiber reinforcement in polymer matrix composites is becoming more and more popular because of its environmental friendliness and mechanical qualities that are comparable to those of synthetic fibers.Basalt fiber strengthened vinyl ester matrix polymeric composite with filler addition of nano-and micro-sized silicon carbide(SiC)element spanning from 2 weight percent to 10 weight percent was studied for its mechanical and wear properties.The application of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to correlate the filler addition composition for optimum mechanical properties is required due to the non-linear mechanical and tribological features of composites.The stuffing blend and composition of the composite are optimized using the hybrid model and Genetic Algorithm(GA)to maximize the mechanical and wear-resistant properties.The predicted and tested ANN–GA optimal values obtained for the composite combination had a tensile,flexural,impact resilience,hardness and wear properties of 202.93 MPa,501.67 MPa,3.460 J/s,43 HV and 0.196 g,respectively,for its optimum combination of filler and reinforcement.It can be noted that the nano-sized SiC filler particle enhances most of the properties of the composite which diversifies its applications.The predicted mechanical and wear values of the developed ANN–GA model were in closer agreement with the experimental values which validate the model.

肝储脂细胞表达CYP11B2mRNA与实验性肝纤维化的关系研究

目的比较CYP11B2在正常与实验性肝纤维化大鼠肝组织中的表达,评价安体舒通的抗纤维化作用。方法取雄性wistar大鼠160只,随机平均分为4组。模型组:CCLA油0.25mL/100mg皮下注射,每周三次;安舒体通组:CCLA油0.25ml/100mg皮下注射,每周三次;安体舒通20mgkg/d灌胃,1次/曰;马洛替脂组:CCLA油0.25ml/100mg皮下注射。每周三次:马洛替脂50ml/kg/d灌胃,1次/日;对照组:橄榄油0.25/ml/100mg皮下注射,每周次。于2、4、6、8、1O周末在光镜下动态观察组织学改变,图象分析仪测量胶原面积。RT-PCR和原位杂交检测纤维化及正常肝组织CYP11B2mRN的表达。结果 RT-PCR显示CYP11B2mRN在纤维化肝组织中表达上调。原位杂交显示CYP11B2mRNA表达定位于储脂细胞胞浆,在纤维化形成时表达增细。在肝纤维化形成的早中期阶段(6周以前),用安体舒通治疗能使肝纤维化分级和胶原面积减少。结论 CYP11R2mRNA在纤维化肝脏的储脂细胞中表达增强。安体舒通对早中期肝纤维化具有一定的治疗作用。

醛固酮合成酶基因CYP11B2在肝储脂细胞中的表达

目的:检测醛固酮合成酶基因CYP11B2在肝储脂细胞中的表达。方法:异硫氰酸胍法提取总RNA,逆转录扩增CYP11B2。原位杂交检测肝组织CYP11B2的表达。结果:CYP11B2的表达定位于肝储脂细胞。结论:肝储脂细胞能表达CYP11B2。

原位逆转录PCR检测干细胞因子mRNA在白血病细胞的表达

目的探索应用原位逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测低拷贝的干细胞因子mRNA在白血病细胞表达的可行性。方法在普通的PE480型PCR仪进行原位RT-PCR,检测干细胞因子mRNA在K562、HL-60和慢性粒细胞性白血病细胞的表达。结果直接法和间接法原位RT-PCR均可以检测到干细胞因子mRNA在K562、HL-60和慢性粒细胞性白血病细胞表达,而常规的原位杂交则为阴性。结论(1)干细胞因子在K562、HL-60和慢性粒细胞性白血病细胞均有表达,但是表达量较低,应用原位RT-PCR可进行检测;(2)在普通的PE480型PCR仪上可以进行原位PCR。

SYNTHESIS OF CATALYSIS BY THE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF SILICA AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Hybrid organic-inorganic silica materials containing organic functional groups have been preparedby the reaction of activated silica with a silane coupling reagent such as N-(2-aminoethyl)3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The hybrid silica was further modified by organic compounds having abifunctional group. These modified hybrid silicas were used as catalysts for various nucleophilic reactions.And also, these were complexed with metallic ions for use as catalysts for oxygen oxidation of hydrocarbons.

Preparation and characterization of a novel hybrid chelating material for effective adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)

The discharge of heavy metal ions such as Cu^2＋and Pb^2＋poses a severe threat to public health and the environment owing to their extreme toxicity and bioaccumulation through food chains Herein, we report a novel organic–inorganic hybrid adsorbent, Al（OH）3-poly（acrylamide dimethyldiallylammonium chloride）-graft-dithiocarbamate（APD）, for rapid and effectiv removal of Cu^2＋and Pb^2＋. In this adsorbent, the ＂star-like＂ structure of Al（OH）3 poly（acrylamide-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride） served as the support of dithiocarbamat（DTC） functional groups for easy access of heavy metal ions and assisted development of larg and compact floccules. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）. APD was demonstrated to hav rapid adsorption kinetics with an initial rate of 267.379 and 2569.373 mg/（g·min） as well a superior adsorption capacities of 317.777 and 586.699 mg/g for Cu2＋and Pb2＋respectively. Th adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, involving intraparticle diffusion and chemical interaction between heavy metal ions and the functional groups of APD. To assess it versatility and wide applicability, APD was also used in turbid heavy metal wastewater, and performed well in removing suspended particles and heavy metal ions simultaneously through flocculation and chelation. The rapid, convenient and effective adsorption of Cu^2＋and Pb^2＋give APD great potential for heavy metal decontamination in industrial applications.

Oral delivery of superoxide dismutase by lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles for the treatment of ulcerative colitis

Protein-based drugs have received extensive attention in the field of drug research in recent years.However,protein-based drug activity is difficult to maintain during oral delivery,which limits its application.This study developed bifunctional oral lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles(R8-PEG-PPNPs)that deliver superoxide dismutase(SOD)for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).R8-PEG-PPNPs was composed of PCADK,PLGA,lecithin,and co-modified with stearic acid-octa-arginine and polyethylene glycol.The nanoparticles(NPs)are uniformly dispersed with a complete spherical structure.In vitro stability and release studies showed that R8-PEG-PPNPs exhibited good stability and protection.In vitro cell culture experiments demonstrated that R8-PEG-PPNPs as carriers have no significant toxic effects on cells at concentration below 1000µg/mL and promote cellular uptake.In experiments with ulcerative colitis mice,R8-PEG-PPNPs were able to enhance drug absorption by intestinal epithelial cells and accumulate effectively at the site of inflammation.Its therapeutic effect further demonstrates that R8-PEG-PPNPs are a promising delivery system for oral delivery of protein-based drugs.

Fast response 2×2 thermo-optic switch with polymer/silica hybrid waveguide

A polymer/silica hybrid 2×2 multimode-interference switch is designed and fabricated. Instead of polymer Mach-Zehnder interferometer thermo-optic （TO） silica is used as under-cladding to accelerate heat release because of its large thermal conductivity. The developed switch exhibits low power consumption of 6.2 mW, low crosstalk of about 28 dB, and short response time. The rise and fall times of 103 and 91 its for this hybrid switch are shortened by 40.8% and 52.4%, respectively, compared with those of the fabricated TO switch （174 and 191 μs） using polymer as both upper- and under-claddings.

Electrospun Aspirin/Eudragit/Lipid Hybrid Nanofibers for Colon-targeted Delivery Using an Energy-saving Process

Both electrospinning apparatus and their commercial products are extending their applications in a wide variety of fields.However,very limited reports can be found about how to implement an energy-saving process and in turn to reduce the production cost.In this paper,a brand-new type of coaxial spinneret with a solid core and its electrospinning methods are developed.A novel sort of medicated Eudragit/lipid hybrid nanofibers are generated for providing a colon-targeted sustained release of aspirin.A series of characterizations demonstrates that the as-prepared hybrid nanofibers have a fine linear morphology with the aspirin/lipid separated from the matrix Eudragit to form many tiny islands.In vitro dissolution tests exhibit that the hybrid nanofibers are able to effectively prevent the release of aspirin under an acid condition(8.7%±3.4%for the first two hours),whereas prolong the drug release time period under a neutral condition(99.7±4.2%at the seventh hour).The energy-saving mechanism is discussed in detail.The prepared aspirin-loaded hybrid nanofibers can be further transferred into an oral dosage form for potential application in countering COVID-19 in the future.

Organic-inorganic Polymer Nano-hybrids Based on Sol-gel Reaction

1 Results Nano-ordered composite materials consisting of organic polymers and inorganic materials have been attracting attention for the purpose of the creation of high-performance or high-functional polymeric materials. Especially,the word of "polymer hybrid" claims the blends of organic and inorganic components at nano-level dispersion. By using this idea,an enhancement of mechanical strength of organic polymers with silica particles is possible.High transparency of this material is another important ...

An Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymer Cocatalyst for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation with Dual Functions of Accelerating Kinetics and Improving Charge Transfer

Oxygen evolution cocatalysts(OECs)play important roles in improving the efficiency of photocatalysts in solar water splitting.Inorganic–organic hybrid polymers(IOHPs),which have good electrolyte accessibility and evenly distributed active sites,are expected to be promising OECs.Here,a novel IOHP[Co(Bpn)_(2)(SCN)_(2)]n(1,Bpn=2,6-bis(4-pyridyl)-naphthalene,SCN=thiocyanate ion)exhibited a two-dimensional(2D)layer structure with(4,4)topology,was constructed by Bpn ligands connecting Co(II)ions,and was decorated on BiVO_(4) photoanodes for photoelectrochemical(PEC)water oxidation.The 1/BiVO_(4) hybrid electrode showed significantly negative onset potential and approximately 3.7 times higher photocurrent density at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)compared with the bare BiVO_(4).The mechanisms for the improved PEC efficiency were investigated and mainly ascribed to enhanced water oxidation kinetics and increased charge separation and transfer properties.This work provides a promising OEC candidate for PEC water oxidation and sheds light on the attractive application prospect of IOHPs for solar water splitting.

mRNA delivery in cancer immunotherapy

Messenger RNA(mRNA)has drawn much attention in the medical field.Through various treatment approaches including protein replacement therapies,gene editing,and cell engineering,mRNA is becoming a potential therapeutic strategy for cancers.However,delivery of mRNA into targeted organs and cells can be challenging due to the unstable nature of its naked form and the low cellular uptake.Therefore,in addition to mRNA modification,efforts have been devoted to developing nanoparticles for mRNA delivery.In this review,we introduce four categories of nanoparticle platform systems:lipid,polymer,lipid-polymer hybrid,and protein/peptide-mediated nanoparticles,together with their roles in facilitating mRNA-based cancer immunotherapies.We also highlight promising treatment regimens and their clinical translation.

SYNTHESIS OF CdS/SiO_2/POLYMER TRI-LAYER FLUORESCENT NANOSPHERES WITH FUNCTIONAL POLYMER SHELLS

Tri-layer CdS/SiOz/polymer hybrid nanospheres were synthesized by distillation precipitation polymerization of either ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate （EGDMA） or EGDMA together with comortomers havirLg different functional groups, such as methacrylic acid, 4-vinylpyridine and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, in the presence of 3-（methacryloxy）propyl trimethoxysilane （MPS）-modified CdS/SiO2 nanoparticles as seeds in acetonitrile with 2,2＇-azobisisobutyronitrile （AIBN） as initiator. In this approach, MPS-modified inorganic seeds were prepared by the modification of CdS/SiO2 nanoparticles via the self-condensation reaction between the hydroxyl groups of sinaols, in which the CdS/SiO2 nanoparticles were afforded by a reverse microemulsion technique for the synthesis of CdS core nanoparticles with the subsequent coating of silica layer. The polymer shell-layers encapsulated over the MPS-modified CdS/SiO2 inorganic seeds via the efficient capture of the monomers and oligomers from the solution with the aid of the vinyl groups incorporated by the MPS modification, in which the polymer shell-thickness and functional groups including carboxyl, pyridyl and hydroxyl, were facilely controlled by the feed of EGDMA as well as the types of comonomers used for the polymerization. These nanospheres were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, fluorescence spectroscopy and zeta potential.