Upper bound analysis for hybrid sheet metals extrusion process through curved dies

The extrusion process of hybrid sheet metals through arbitrarily curved dies was analyzed by the method of upper bound. The material under deformation was divided into two deformation regions, bimetal and mono-metal regions, and the flow of the material in each region was assumed as plane strain state. The internal, shearing and frictional power terms were derived and they were used in the upper bound model. The extrusion forces for two types of die shapes, an optimum wedge shaped die and an optimum streamlined die shape for a hybrid sheet composed of copper as sleeve and aluminum as core were determined. The corresponding results for those two die shapes were also determined by using the finite element code, ABAQUS, and compared with the upper bound results. These comparisons show a good agreement.

Fatigue behavior of basalt-aramid and basalt-carbon hybrid fiber reinforced polymer sheets

In order to study the fatigue failure mode and fatigue life laws of basalt-aramid and basalt-carbon hybrid fiber reinforced polymer （ FRP ） sheets, fatigue experiments are carried out, considering two hybrid ratios of 1 ： 1 and 2：1 under different stress levels from 0.6 to 0.95. The results show that fractures occur first in carbon fibers or aramid fibers for the specimens with hybrid ratio of 1： 1, namely B1A1 and B1C1, while a fracture occurs first in basalt fibers for the specimens with a hybrid ratio of 2： 1, namely B2A1 and B2C1. The fatigue lives of the hybrid FRP sheets increase with the improvement of the content of carbon fibers or aramid fibers, and the influence of the carbon fibers content improvement to fatigue life is more significant. The fatigue performance of B2A1 is relatively worse, while the fatigue performance of B1C1 and B2C1 is relatively better. Finally, a new fatigue stiffness degradation model with dual variables and double inflection points is presented, which is applicable to both hybrid and normal FRP sheets.

Process Design for Hybrid Sheet Metal Components

The global trends towards improving fuel efficiency and reducing CO;emissions are the key drivers for lightweight solutions. In sheet metal processing, this can be achieved by the use of materials with a supreme strength-toweight and stiffness-to-weight ratio. Besides monolithic materials such as high-strength or light metals, in particular metal–plastic composite sheets are able to provide outstanding mechanical properties. Thus, the adaption of conventional, wellestablished forming methods for the processing of hybrid sheet metals is a current challenge for the sheet metal working industry. In this work, the planning phase for a conventional sheet metal forming process is studied aiming at the forming of metal–plastic composite sheets. The single process steps like material characterization, FE analysis, tool design and development of robust process parameters are studied in detail and adapted to the specific properties of metal–plastic composites. In material characterization, the model of the hybrid laminate needs to represent not only the mechanical properties of the individual combined materials, but also needs to reflect the behaviour of the interface zone between them.Based on experience, there is a strong dependency on temperature as well as strain rate. While monolithic materials show a moderate anisotropic behaviour, loads on laminates in different directions generate different strain states and completely different failure modes. During the FE analysis, thermo-mechanic and thermo-dynamic effects influence the temperature distribution within tool and work pieces and subsequently the forming behaviour. During try out and production phase,those additional influencing factors are limiting the process window even more and therefore need to be considered for the design of a robust forming process. A roadmap for sheet metal forming adjusted to metal–plastic composites is presented in this paper.

Upper Hybrid Resonance of Microwaves with a Large Magnetized Plasma Sheet

A large magnetized plasma sheet with size of 60 cm×60 cm×2 cm was generated by a linear hollow cathode discharge under the confinement of a uniform magnetic field generated by a Helmholtz Coil. The microwave transmission characteristic of the plasma sheet was measured for different incident frequencies, in cases with the electric field polarization of the incident microwave either perpendicular or parallel to the magnetic field. In this measurement, parameters of the plasma sheet were changed by varying the discharge current and magnetic field intensity. In the experiment, upper hybrid resonance phenomena were observed when the electric field polarization of the incident wave was perpendicular to the magnetic field. These resonance phenomena cannot be found in the case of parallel polarization incidence. This result is consistent with theoretical consideration. According to the resonance condition, the electron density values at the resonance points are calculated under various experimental conditions. This kind of resonance phenomena can be used to develop a specific method to diagnose the electron density of this magnetized plasma sheet apparatus. Moreover, it is pointed out that the operating parameters of the large plasma sheet in practical applications should be selected to keep away from the upper hybrid resonance point to prevent signals from polarization distortion.

Lower-Hybrid Drift Instability in Modified Harris Current Sheet

Lower-hybrid drift instability （LHDI） in a Harris current sheet including a uniform background distribution is investigated in linear local kinetic theory. It is found that the introduction of a uniform background distribution reduces the growth rate and real frequency of LHDI at all wavelengths. Some physical explanations about the effects of the background distribution are provided.

IDENTIFICATION OF ELASTIC-PLASTIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR BIMETALLIC SHEETS BY HYBRID-INVERSE APPROACH

Analysis, evaluation and interpretation of measured signals become important components in engineering research and practice, especially for material characteristic parameters which can not be obtained directly by experimental measurements. The present paper proposes a hybrid-inverse analysis method for the identification of the nonlinear material parameters of any individual component from the mechanical responses of a global composite. The method couples experimental approach, numerical simulation with inverse search method. The experimental approach is used to provide basic data. Then parameter identification and numerical simulation are utilized to identify elasto-plastic material properties by the experimental data obtained and inverse searching algorithm. A numerical example of a stainless steel clad copper sheet is consid- ered to verify and show the applicability of the proposed hybrid-inverse method. In this example, a set of material parameters in an elasto-plastic constitutive model have been identified by using the obtained experimental data.

玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯/尼龙混杂板材的制备与性能研究

玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料具有重复成型、高韧性、高耐久性、可设计、环境友好及可回收利用等优势。为解决由聚丙烯树脂粘度高与尼龙树脂吸水率高引起的复合材料成型工艺与耐久性问题,本项目采用模压工艺研发并制备了玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯/尼龙混杂复合材料板材,研究了混杂模式对于板材力学性能与热性能的影响规律与机理,比较分析了水分子在混杂复合材料内的扩散行为。研究发现,单层层间交替混杂模式板材具有最高的力学性能,拉伸、弯曲和剪切强度最大提升率为132.8%、127.4%和110.4%,归因于混杂板材中两种预浸带在层间粘结-挤压作用下协同受力,材料性能充分发挥;相比之下,五层预浸带层间交替混杂模式板材存在明显薄弱界面层,削弱了板材整体协同受力作用。此外,混杂板材由于聚丙烯树脂憎水性以及逐层交替混杂模式,延缓或阻止了水分子在尼龙树脂内部的吸收和扩散行为,导致混杂板材吸水率大幅下降,这对于提升尼龙树脂基复合材料的耐久性具有重要意义。

Two-dimensional arsenic monolayer sheet predicted from first-principles

Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the two-dimensional arsenic nanosheet isolated from bulk gray arsenic. Its dynamical stability is confirmed by phonon calculations and molecular dynamics analyzing. The arsenic sheet is an indirect band gap semiconductor with a band gap of 2.21 e V in the hybrid HSE06 functional calculations. The valence band maximum（VBM） and the conduction band minimum（CBM） are mainly occupied by the 4p orbitals of arsenic atoms,which is consistent with the partial charge densities of VBM and CBM. The charge density of the VBM G point has the character of a π bond, which originates from p orbitals. Furthermore, tensile and compressive strains are applied in the armchair and zigzag directions, related to the tensile deformations of zigzag and armchair nanotubes, respectively. We find that the ultimate strain in zigzag deformation is 0.13, smaller than 0.18 of armchair deformation. The limit compressive stresses of single-layer arsenic along armchair and zigzag directions are-4.83 GPa and-4.76 GPa with corresponding strains of-0.15 and-0.14, respectively.

铝合金激光-MIG复合焊研究现状与展望

铝合金具有良好的导电性、导热性、耐腐蚀性及较高的比强度,在航空航天、轨道客车、汽车工业、船舶制造等领域都得到了广泛应用。激光焊具有能量密度高、焊接熔深大、焊接速度快、焊接变形小等优点,但同时也存在对装配精度要求高、易产生焊接气孔、激光能量利用率低、设备使用及维护成本高的问题。激光焊用于铝合金焊接时焊接气孔问题尤其严重,还存在接头软化等问题。为了解决铝合金激光焊接存在的问题,国内外焊接工作者针对铝合金激光-MIG复合焊技术开展了大量研究。通过对近几年最新的研究成果进行总结,可以进一步加强对该焊接技术的研究,促进该焊接方法在工业生产中的应用。本文针对铝合金激光-MIG复合焊,从薄板焊接、厚板焊接、异种金属焊接、辅助焊接、焊接气孔等几方面总结了铝合金激光-MIG复合焊的最新研究进展和研究成果,并基于当前的研究现状提出存在的问题和展望未来的发展方向。

AH36薄板激光-电弧复合焊熔滴过渡与熔池分析

采用激光-电弧复合焊,激光前置焊接海工钢AH36薄板。利用高速摄像分析熔滴过渡特征与影响因素。运用计算流体力学体积分数法建立固液气三相流体动力学模型。采用高斯面热源、高斯旋转体热源和双椭球热源表征复合焊热源。数值模型考虑了表面张力、电磁力、浮力、反冲压力、蒸发冷凝、蒸发换热等多种物理场的耦合作用。对熔滴过渡冲击及其对熔池形貌、流动与温度的影响进行研究。结果表明,熔滴冲击熔池可促进熔池流动与传热。熔滴过渡受电磁力与蒸气反冲压力抑制,致使大熔滴出现。适当增加激光功率可降低熔滴表面张力,增加熔滴过渡频率,减小熔滴尺寸。激光功率过大或光丝间距过小时,出现熔滴破裂与飞溅。

板冲锻成形新工艺及其在轿车飞轮盘加工中的应用

该文提出一种新的冲锻复合塑性加工方法,来成形中空且厚差较大的板材零件或者管材零件。其特点是以冲压工序成形出空间形状,并在需要的部位储备金属,随后的锻造工序对该部位压缩增厚,从而得到大厚差整体塑性成形件。并以轿车飞轮盘为实例,进行了有限元分析与试验研究,结果显示,采用该方法进行零件加工,降低了对设备吨位的要求,材料的利用率、加工效率以及零件质量大大提高。

混杂纤维布加固混凝土梁的试验研究

本文首次提出混合采用玻璃纤维布和碳纤维布对钢筋混凝土梁进行加固的思路 ,并开展了对比试验研究。结果表明相对碳纤维布加固方法 ,混杂纤维布加固法既能提高构件的延性 。

聚乙烯纤维布约束混凝土短柱轴压性能的试验

试验研究了聚乙烯纤维布及其与碳纤维、芳纶纤维布混杂约束混凝土圆柱体的轴心抗压性能,重点分析了其破坏形态、承载力、应力-应变曲线和变形性能。试验结果表明:聚乙烯纤维布可显著改善混凝土柱的变形性能;它与碳纤维布混杂约束混凝土柱的承载力比单一聚乙烯纤维布约束柱提高91%,延性系数提高37%,可见,聚乙烯纤维布与碳纤维布具有良好的协同增强增韧效应。

CFS/AFS混杂加固RC梁非线性有限元分析

针对碳/芳纶纤维布混杂加固钢筋混凝土梁的这种新型的加固方法,通过建立不同材料本构方程,对单层及双层加固模型进行了非线性有限元分析.分析了纤维布长度及加固形式对加固梁弯曲刚度、初裂载荷及极限载荷的影响,并将计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,发现非线性有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,混杂加固具有良好的混杂效应,碳纤维布高强度的特点得到充分发挥.

碳-芳混杂纤维布加固木柱轴心抗压性能试验研究

通过碳-芳混杂纤维布加固圆木柱(杉木和松木)的轴心抗压性能试验,研究了不同层数的碳-芳混杂纤维布加固圆木柱的破坏形式、轴心抗压强度、峰值压应变和荷载-应变曲线.结果表明:用碳-芳混杂纤维布加固后,圆木柱的轴心抗压强度和峰值压应变有了明显的提高,轴心抗压强度提高幅度约为6.6%～16.8%(松木)和5.0%～16.9%(杉木),峰值压应变提高幅度约为8.9%～60.2%(松木)和11.5%～56.8%(杉木).基于试验数据拟合,提出了碳-芳混杂纤维布加固圆木柱轴心抗压承载力的计算公式.

高强玻璃纤维/碳纤维混杂复合材料加固混凝土梁的抗弯试验研究

以高强玻璃纤维 (SGF)布与碳纤维 (CF)布混杂加固混凝土梁 ,进行对比试验研究 ,结果表明 ,与单一CF布加固相比 ,SGF/CF布混杂加固不仅使梁的延性显著提高 ,加固成本大幅降低 ,而且承载力也略有提高 ,仅刚度略为降低。

纤维复合材料加固混凝土轴压柱的应用研究现状和展望

简述了纤维复合材料加固轴压柱的方法。在着重讨论不同纤维材料性能及其加固柱的破坏模式和加固效果的基础上 。

纤维布混杂形式对混凝土界面力学性能的影响

针对CFS-GFS混杂加固钢筋混凝土梁的一种新型加固方法,通过建立不同材料本构方程,对8种不同加固模型做了非线性界面有限元数值计算。分析了不同加固形式下界面端部剪应力与正应力的分布规律,结果表明界面剪应力与正应力极大值均出现在加固界面端部,且在较短的距离内迅速减小。CFS-GFS混杂加固可以有效降低界面剥离应力,通过控制GFS在加固中所占比例,能够在保证承载力足够的情况下,改善加固界面力学性能,避免端部处发生界面或保护层剥离破坏现象。

CFRP/GFRP混合加固混凝土梁二次受力的试验研究

进行了5根钢筋混凝土梁的试验,通过这些粘贴CFRP、GFRP及CFRP/GFRP混杂加固钢筋混凝土梁在不同加载历程下的对比试验,研究了不同初始应力状态下FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁的破坏模式、抗弯正截面承载力、弯曲变形,混凝土、钢筋和纤维布的应变以及裂缝开展等方面的内容.

碳/芳纶纤维布加固混凝土梁界面性能数值研究

通过对8种不同加固形式钢筋混凝土梁的界面性能进行了数值研究,分析了单层、双层及碳/芳纶混杂纤维布1.2m和1.6m粘贴长度的对界面性能的影响。数值计算结果表明,混杂加固可以有效地控制纤维布末端界面剪应力大小,而且界面正应力也有所降低,混杂加固方式具有优良的界面混杂效应。对不同长度的混杂纤维布加固模型计算发现:随着纤维布有效粘贴长度的减小,胶层端部界面剪应力与正应力成比例增加,增加比例随距离的增加,成递减趋势。混杂界面数值研究对理解界面力学性能和指导混杂加固设计具有一定的实践意义。