The rapid consumption of fossil fuel and increased environmental damage caused by it have given a strong impetus to the growth and development of fuelefficient vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have evolved fr...The rapid consumption of fossil fuel and increased environmental damage caused by it have given a strong impetus to the growth and development of fuelefficient vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have evolved from their inchoate state and are proving to be a promising solution to the serious existential problem posed to the planet earth. Not only do HEVs provide better fuel economy and lower emissions satisfying environmental legislations, but also they dampen the effect of rising fuel prices on consumers. HEVs combine the drive powers of an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine. The main components of HEVs are energy storage system, motor, bidirectional converter and maximum power point trackers (MPPT, in case of solar-powered HEVs). The performance of HEVs greatly depends on these components and its architecture. This paper presents an extensive review on essential components used in HEVs such as their architectures with advantages and disadvantages, choice of bidirectional converter to obtain high efficiency, combining ultracapacitor with battery to extend the battery life, traction motors’ role and their suitability for a particular application. Inclusion of photovoltaic cell in HEVs is a fairly new concept and has been discussed in detail. Various MPPT techniques used for solar-driven HEVs are also discussed in this paper with their suitability.展开更多
为了提高混合动力有轨电车制动过程中制动能量的回收效率,提出一种考虑储能系统始末状态的能量管理策略.在有轨电车从启动到制动的运行过程中,基于极小值原理对混合动力系统进行功率分配,以实现对超级电容荷电状态(state of charge,SOC...为了提高混合动力有轨电车制动过程中制动能量的回收效率,提出一种考虑储能系统始末状态的能量管理策略.在有轨电车从启动到制动的运行过程中,基于极小值原理对混合动力系统进行功率分配,以实现对超级电容荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)安全范围的有效控制,并保证在制动时刻超级电容具有足够的SOC余量来吸收制动功率;同时,将有轨电车启动、运行过程中的牵引控制策略与制动过程的能量回收策略相结合,采用绝缘栅门极晶体管(insulated gate bipolar translator,IGBT)斩波器与制动电阻相结合使用的方式,抑制母线电压的抬升;最后基于实际的有轨电车运行工况,在MATLAB/Simulink平台下进行了仿真测试.结果显示,在有轨电车制动时刻,超级电容SOC均能够按照预期下降到0.4左右,且在制动全过程中,有轨电车母线电压始终处于875 V以下,满足母线电压的控制要求.展开更多
针对大功率轮式拖拉机存在的档位过多、操作复杂和牵引效率低等问题,基于拖拉机工作特点、并联混合动力传动系统原理和拖拉机犁耕工况下的负载特性,对132 k W并联混合动力拖拉机的动力系统、耦合系统和传动系统等相关参数进行了合理匹...针对大功率轮式拖拉机存在的档位过多、操作复杂和牵引效率低等问题,基于拖拉机工作特点、并联混合动力传动系统原理和拖拉机犁耕工况下的负载特性,对132 k W并联混合动力拖拉机的动力系统、耦合系统和传动系统等相关参数进行了合理匹配设计。结合给定的输出特性目标及控制方案,对并联混合动力拖拉机的理论牵引特性进行分析,并与东方红-1804大功率轮式拖拉机对比。对比结果表明:并联式混合动力拖拉机的牵引效率特性、滑转率特性、动力输出功率特性、牵引功率特性和行驶速度特性等理论牵引特性的各项指标均有一定的改善,牵引性能更优越。其动力性和经济性得到提高,并减少了档位数量,有利于传动系统的结构简化和操控。展开更多
文摘The rapid consumption of fossil fuel and increased environmental damage caused by it have given a strong impetus to the growth and development of fuelefficient vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have evolved from their inchoate state and are proving to be a promising solution to the serious existential problem posed to the planet earth. Not only do HEVs provide better fuel economy and lower emissions satisfying environmental legislations, but also they dampen the effect of rising fuel prices on consumers. HEVs combine the drive powers of an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine. The main components of HEVs are energy storage system, motor, bidirectional converter and maximum power point trackers (MPPT, in case of solar-powered HEVs). The performance of HEVs greatly depends on these components and its architecture. This paper presents an extensive review on essential components used in HEVs such as their architectures with advantages and disadvantages, choice of bidirectional converter to obtain high efficiency, combining ultracapacitor with battery to extend the battery life, traction motors’ role and their suitability for a particular application. Inclusion of photovoltaic cell in HEVs is a fairly new concept and has been discussed in detail. Various MPPT techniques used for solar-driven HEVs are also discussed in this paper with their suitability.
文摘针对大功率轮式拖拉机存在的档位过多、操作复杂和牵引效率低等问题,基于拖拉机工作特点、并联混合动力传动系统原理和拖拉机犁耕工况下的负载特性,对132 k W并联混合动力拖拉机的动力系统、耦合系统和传动系统等相关参数进行了合理匹配设计。结合给定的输出特性目标及控制方案,对并联混合动力拖拉机的理论牵引特性进行分析,并与东方红-1804大功率轮式拖拉机对比。对比结果表明:并联式混合动力拖拉机的牵引效率特性、滑转率特性、动力输出功率特性、牵引功率特性和行驶速度特性等理论牵引特性的各项指标均有一定的改善,牵引性能更优越。其动力性和经济性得到提高,并减少了档位数量,有利于传动系统的结构简化和操控。
