Hydraulic mechanism and time-dependent characteristics of loose gully deposits failure induced by rainfall

Failure of loose gully deposits under the effect of rainfall contributes to the potential risk of debris flow.In the past decades, researches on hydraulic mechanism and time-dependent characteristics of loosedeposits failure are frequently reported, however adequate measures for reducing debris flow are notavailable practically. In this context, a time-dependent model was established to determine the changesof water table of loose deposits using hydraulic and topographic theories. In addition, the variation inwater table with elapsed time was analyzed. The formulas for calculating hydrodynamic and hydrostaticpressures on each strip and block unit of deposit were proposed, and the slope stability and failure risk ofthe loose deposits were assessed based on the time-dependent hydraulic characteristics of establishedmodel. Finally, the failure mechanism of deposits based on infinite slope theory was illustrated, with anexample, to calculate sliding force, anti-sliding force and residual sliding force applied to each slice. Theresults indicate that failure of gully deposits under the effect of rainfall is the result of continuouslyincreasing hydraulic pressure and water table. The time-dependent characteristics of loose depositfailure are determined by the factors of hydraulic properties, drainage area of interest, rainfall pattern,rainfall duration and intensity.

Design of hydraulic shift mechanism for AMT vehicles based on the collaborative optimization method

Based on multidisciplinary design optimization（MDO）,a new design method is put forward for hydraulic shift mechanism of heavy-duty vehicle automated manual transmission（AMT）.Taking a shift cylinder for example,the collaborative optimization（CO）method for the design problem of a cylinder is devided into one system level design optimization problem and three subsystem level design optimization problems.The system level is an economic model and the subsystem level is mechanics,kinetics,and a reliability model.Application of the multidisciplinary design optimization software iSIGHT modeling and solving,optimal solution of the shifting cylinder CO model is obtained.According to the optimal solution,oil cylinders are machined out and installed on the gearbox of an AMT system for the bench cycle shift test.The results show that the output force and action speed of the optimized mechanism can meet requirements very well.In addition,the optimized mechanism has a better performance compared to the structure of the traditional design method,which indicates that the CO method can optimize the design of hydraulic transmission.

The Method for Measuring Circuit Breaker Overtravel Based on Operating Process

At present,the over-travel measurement of high-voltage circuit breakers is mostly carried out after the circuit breaker is completely dismantled.The disadvantage of the measurement is that it can only be measured when the circuit breaker is dismantled and overhauled.Defects are diagnosed in a timely and effective manner,and capacity causes hidden troubles.This article provides a method for direct measurement of hydraulic circuit breakers without any adjustment or disassembly.The method can be carried out in various situations such as minor repairs,major repairs,and temporary repairs,which not only saves time,but also improves accuracy of the measurement.The comparative test results show that this method can be simple,convenient and effective to measure the overtravel of the high-voltage circuit breaker.

Hydraulic operating mechanisms for high voltage circuit breakers: Progress evolution and future trends

High voltage circuit breakers are the most important protection and control apparatus in power system. As a core part of circuit breakers, the operating mechanisms have a trend to be hydraulic-style in high voltage power grid. Compared with other hydranlic systems, the hydraulic operating mechanisms have the characteristics of high hydraulic pressure, high speed, high power and long-term waiting etc., and it is because of the characteristics that the hydraulic operating mechanisms become dif- ficult to be developed and have been arousing significant study interest from more and more researchers as well as their promising applications. Therefore, it is significant to summarize the hydraulic operating mechanisms on their development, characteristics, and key technologies etc. In this review, the evolution process and recent studies of hydraulic operating mechanisms at home and abroad are viewed. The review then focuses on the characteristics and key technologies of hydraulic operating mechanisms, especially on time and velocity characteristics, high-speed cylinder cushioning, fast response and great flow rate control valve, temperature compensation, system monitoring and fault diagnosis, intelligent operation, energy storage module, etc. In the end, the future trends of this field are presented.