A subsurface flow wetland(SSFW)was simulated using a commercial computational fluid dynamic(CFD)code.The constructed media was simulated using porous media and the liquid resident time distribution(RTD)in the SSFW was...A subsurface flow wetland(SSFW)was simulated using a commercial computational fluid dynamic(CFD)code.The constructed media was simulated using porous media and the liquid resident time distribution(RTD)in the SSFW was obtained using the particle trajectory model.The effect of wetland configuration and operating conditions on the hydraulic performance of the SSFW were investigated.The results indicated that the hydraulic performance of the SSFW was predominantly affected by the wetland configuration.The hydr...展开更多
A swimming pool can be considered as a chemical reactor with specific hydraulic and macro-mixing characteristics. The nature of flow into the pool depends on various characteristics, such as water inlets and outlets (...A swimming pool can be considered as a chemical reactor with specific hydraulic and macro-mixing characteristics. The nature of flow into the pool depends on various characteristics, such as water inlets and outlets (number and position), pool geometry, and flow rate. This study investigates how swimming pool design affects hydraulic behavior based on experimental and computational fluid dynamics studies (CFD). This paper does not describe the hydraulic behavior of all existing swimming pools, however the cases studied here are representative of pool designs widely used in Europe and the United States. The model developed, based on the principle of a stirred reactor, could be used as a first approach in describing the hydraulic behavior of regular pools. This model is suitable for the study of physical and chemical phenomena with long characteristic times. Other, more advanced, models were shown to be more suitable to the case of fast chemical processes.展开更多
Few studies have investigated scale-up of the residence-time distribution （RTD） of particles in bubbling fluidized beds （BFBs） with continuous particle flow. Two approaches were investigated in this study： first,...Few studies have investigated scale-up of the residence-time distribution （RTD） of particles in bubbling fluidized beds （BFBs） with continuous particle flow. Two approaches were investigated in this study： first, using well-known scaling laws that require changes in particle properties and gas velocity; second, using a simple approach keeping the same particles and gas velocity for different beds. Our theoretical analysis indicates it is possible to obtain similar RTDs in different BFBs with scaling laws if the plug-flow residence time （tpiug） is changed as m^0.5, where m is the scaling ratio of the bed; however, neither approach can ensure similar RTDs if tplug is kept invariant. To investigate RTD variations using two approaches without changing tplug, we performed experiments in three BFBs. The derivatives dE（θ）/dθ （where E（θ） is the dimensionless RTD density function and θ is the dimensionless time） in the early stage of the RTDs always varied with m 1, which was attributed to the fact that the particle movement in the early stage were mainly subject to dispersion. Using the simple approach, we obtained similar RTDs by separately treating the RTDs in the early and post-stages. This approach guarantees RTD similarity and provides basic rules for designing BFBs.展开更多
人工湿地污染物去除的物理、化学和生物学机制是随水流在多孔介质中的迁移过程中发生的,水动力过程决定了废水(包括其中的污染物)和介质表面的接触程度及反应时间,并由此影响到水质净化效果。人工湿地水动力学的研究对于其优化设计、运...人工湿地污染物去除的物理、化学和生物学机制是随水流在多孔介质中的迁移过程中发生的,水动力过程决定了废水(包括其中的污染物)和介质表面的接触程度及反应时间,并由此影响到水质净化效果。人工湿地水动力学的研究对于其优化设计、运行管理具有重要意义。综述了目前人工湿地水动力学研究的相关方法,包括:盐分示踪获得停留时间分布(residence time distribution,RTD)曲线的方法、染料示踪获得水流运移图像的方法,由RTD曲线进行水力效率评价的方法,以及水动力过程模拟的数学方法等。并对人工湿地水动力学的研究及其应用前景进行了展望。展开更多
基金The authors are grateful to"Chemical Grid Project"of Beijing University of Chemical Technology for providingthe computer facilities.
文摘A subsurface flow wetland(SSFW)was simulated using a commercial computational fluid dynamic(CFD)code.The constructed media was simulated using porous media and the liquid resident time distribution(RTD)in the SSFW was obtained using the particle trajectory model.The effect of wetland configuration and operating conditions on the hydraulic performance of the SSFW were investigated.The results indicated that the hydraulic performance of the SSFW was predominantly affected by the wetland configuration.The hydr...
文摘A swimming pool can be considered as a chemical reactor with specific hydraulic and macro-mixing characteristics. The nature of flow into the pool depends on various characteristics, such as water inlets and outlets (number and position), pool geometry, and flow rate. This study investigates how swimming pool design affects hydraulic behavior based on experimental and computational fluid dynamics studies (CFD). This paper does not describe the hydraulic behavior of all existing swimming pools, however the cases studied here are representative of pool designs widely used in Europe and the United States. The model developed, based on the principle of a stirred reactor, could be used as a first approach in describing the hydraulic behavior of regular pools. This model is suitable for the study of physical and chemical phenomena with long characteristic times. Other, more advanced, models were shown to be more suitable to the case of fast chemical processes.
文摘Few studies have investigated scale-up of the residence-time distribution （RTD） of particles in bubbling fluidized beds （BFBs） with continuous particle flow. Two approaches were investigated in this study： first, using well-known scaling laws that require changes in particle properties and gas velocity; second, using a simple approach keeping the same particles and gas velocity for different beds. Our theoretical analysis indicates it is possible to obtain similar RTDs in different BFBs with scaling laws if the plug-flow residence time （tpiug） is changed as m^0.5, where m is the scaling ratio of the bed; however, neither approach can ensure similar RTDs if tplug is kept invariant. To investigate RTD variations using two approaches without changing tplug, we performed experiments in three BFBs. The derivatives dE（θ）/dθ （where E（θ） is the dimensionless RTD density function and θ is the dimensionless time） in the early stage of the RTDs always varied with m 1, which was attributed to the fact that the particle movement in the early stage were mainly subject to dispersion. Using the simple approach, we obtained similar RTDs by separately treating the RTDs in the early and post-stages. This approach guarantees RTD similarity and provides basic rules for designing BFBs.
文摘人工湿地污染物去除的物理、化学和生物学机制是随水流在多孔介质中的迁移过程中发生的,水动力过程决定了废水(包括其中的污染物)和介质表面的接触程度及反应时间,并由此影响到水质净化效果。人工湿地水动力学的研究对于其优化设计、运行管理具有重要意义。综述了目前人工湿地水动力学研究的相关方法,包括:盐分示踪获得停留时间分布(residence time distribution,RTD)曲线的方法、染料示踪获得水流运移图像的方法,由RTD曲线进行水力效率评价的方法,以及水动力过程模拟的数学方法等。并对人工湿地水动力学的研究及其应用前景进行了展望。
