在中长期水火发电调度中考虑检修计划的影响是目前中长期水火发电调度面临的难题。利用现代整数代数建模技术，建立发电计划和检修计划协调优化的多场景调度模型。在该模型中，鉴于设备检修计划的连续性，在预测场景树的基础上，将场景...在中长期水火发电调度中考虑检修计划的影响是目前中长期水火发电调度面临的难题。利用现代整数代数建模技术，建立发电计划和检修计划协调优化的多场景调度模型。在该模型中，鉴于设备检修计划的连续性，在预测场景树的基础上，将场景节点划分成不同的场景，通过节点和场景关联矩阵，实现多场景下设备检修模型的构建。同时，鉴于中长期调度计划中发电计划和检修计划对时段间隔要求的不同，分别设置电量相关节点和电力相关节点，实现中长期发电计划和检修计划的协调。上述模型是一个大规模混合整数线性规划（mixed integer linear programming，MILP）问题，采用商用MILP求解器进行求解。大规模实际水火电系统的实例分析结果表明，所提模型和方法是可行、有效的。展开更多
A hydro(solvo)thermal reaction of 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (bdcH2) and CuSO4?5H2O produced a coordination polymer [Cu3(bdcO)2(H2O)2]n 1. The alkoxyl-1,3-benzene- dicarboxylate trianion (bdcO3-) found in the fina...A hydro(solvo)thermal reaction of 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (bdcH2) and CuSO4?5H2O produced a coordination polymer [Cu3(bdcO)2(H2O)2]n 1. The alkoxyl-1,3-benzene- dicarboxylate trianion (bdcO3-) found in the final product was in situ generated by the hydroxy- lation of bdcH2 during the synthesis. Its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray structural analysis. The complex belongs to a monoclinic system, space group P21/c with C16H10Cu3O12, Mr = 584.86, a = 5.0349(3), b = 10.422(1), c = 15.639(1) ?, β = 91.977(2)o, V = 820.1(1) ?3, Z = 2, Dc= 2.368 g/cm3, μ = 3.931 mm―1, λ(MoKα) = 0.71073 ?, F(000) = 578, the final R = 0.0328 and wR = 0.0742 for 1730 observed reflections with I≥2σ(I). The copper atoms show different coordination environments. Each bdcO group is binds to three copper atoms through oxygen atoms of carboxy- lates and deprononated hydroxy group in bridging and chelating fashions, affording a copper atom coordinated by two [Cu2(bdcO)2]2- ‘matallo-ligand’ to yield an extending zigzagged layer perpen- dicular to the c axis.展开更多
A comparison analysis based method for computing the water consumption volume needed for electric energy production of optimal scheduling in hydro-thermal power systems is presented in this paper. The electric energy ...A comparison analysis based method for computing the water consumption volume needed for electric energy production of optimal scheduling in hydro-thermal power systems is presented in this paper. The electric energy produced by hydroelectric plants and coal-fired plants is divided into 4 components: potential energy, kinetic energy, water-deep pressure energy and reservoir energy. A new and important concept, reservoir energy, is proposed, based on which is divided into a number of water bodies, for example 3 water bodies, and a reservoir is analyzed in a new way. This paper presents an optimal scheduling solution of elec-tric energy production of hydro-thermal power systems based on multi-factors analytic method, in which some important factors, such as load demand, reservoir in-flow, water consumption volume increment rate of hydroelectric plants or converted from coal-fired plants, and so on are given to model the objective function and the constraints. A study example with three simulation cases is carried out to illustrate flexibility, adapta-bility, applicability of the proposed method.展开更多
As is known, high-level radioactive waste （HLW） is commonly heat-emitting. Heat output from HLWwilldissipate through the surrounding rocks and induce complex thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical（THMC） processes. In hi...As is known, high-level radioactive waste （HLW） is commonly heat-emitting. Heat output from HLWwilldissipate through the surrounding rocks and induce complex thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical（THMC） processes. In highly consolidated clayey rocks, thermal effects are particularly significantbecause of their very low permeability and water-saturated state. Thermal impact on the integrity of thegeological barriers is of most importance with regard to the long-term safety of repositories. This studyfocuses on numerical analysis of thermal effects on hydro-mechanical properties of clayey rock using acoupled thermo-mechanical multiphase flow （TH2M） model which is implemented in the finite elementprogramme OpenGeoSys （OGS）. The material properties of the numerical model are characterised by atransversal isotropic elastic model based on Hooke＇s law, a non-isothermal multiphase flow model basedon van Genuchten function and Darcy＇s law, and a transversal isotropic heat transport model based onFourier＇s law. In the numerical approaches, special attention has been paid to the thermal expansion ofthree different phases： gas, fluid and solid, which could induce changes in pore pressure and porosity.Furthermore, the strong swelling and shrinkage behaviours of clayey material are also considered in thepresent model. The model has been applied to simulate a laboratory heating experiment on claystone.The numerical model gives a satisfactory representation of the observed material behaviour in thelaboratory experiment. The comparison of the calculated results with the laboratory findings verifies thatthe simulation with the present numerical model could provide a deeper understanding of the observedeffects. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.展开更多
文摘在中长期水火发电调度中考虑检修计划的影响是目前中长期水火发电调度面临的难题。利用现代整数代数建模技术，建立发电计划和检修计划协调优化的多场景调度模型。在该模型中，鉴于设备检修计划的连续性，在预测场景树的基础上，将场景节点划分成不同的场景，通过节点和场景关联矩阵，实现多场景下设备检修模型的构建。同时，鉴于中长期调度计划中发电计划和检修计划对时段间隔要求的不同，分别设置电量相关节点和电力相关节点，实现中长期发电计划和检修计划的协调。上述模型是一个大规模混合整数线性规划（mixed integer linear programming，MILP）问题，采用商用MILP求解器进行求解。大规模实际水火电系统的实例分析结果表明，所提模型和方法是可行、有效的。
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. E0410006)
文摘A hydro(solvo)thermal reaction of 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (bdcH2) and CuSO4?5H2O produced a coordination polymer [Cu3(bdcO)2(H2O)2]n 1. The alkoxyl-1,3-benzene- dicarboxylate trianion (bdcO3-) found in the final product was in situ generated by the hydroxy- lation of bdcH2 during the synthesis. Its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray structural analysis. The complex belongs to a monoclinic system, space group P21/c with C16H10Cu3O12, Mr = 584.86, a = 5.0349(3), b = 10.422(1), c = 15.639(1) ?, β = 91.977(2)o, V = 820.1(1) ?3, Z = 2, Dc= 2.368 g/cm3, μ = 3.931 mm―1, λ(MoKα) = 0.71073 ?, F(000) = 578, the final R = 0.0328 and wR = 0.0742 for 1730 observed reflections with I≥2σ(I). The copper atoms show different coordination environments. Each bdcO group is binds to three copper atoms through oxygen atoms of carboxy- lates and deprononated hydroxy group in bridging and chelating fashions, affording a copper atom coordinated by two [Cu2(bdcO)2]2- ‘matallo-ligand’ to yield an extending zigzagged layer perpen- dicular to the c axis.
文摘A comparison analysis based method for computing the water consumption volume needed for electric energy production of optimal scheduling in hydro-thermal power systems is presented in this paper. The electric energy produced by hydroelectric plants and coal-fired plants is divided into 4 components: potential energy, kinetic energy, water-deep pressure energy and reservoir energy. A new and important concept, reservoir energy, is proposed, based on which is divided into a number of water bodies, for example 3 water bodies, and a reservoir is analyzed in a new way. This paper presents an optimal scheduling solution of elec-tric energy production of hydro-thermal power systems based on multi-factors analytic method, in which some important factors, such as load demand, reservoir in-flow, water consumption volume increment rate of hydroelectric plants or converted from coal-fired plants, and so on are given to model the objective function and the constraints. A study example with three simulation cases is carried out to illustrate flexibility, adapta-bility, applicability of the proposed method.
基金supported by BMWi (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie,Berlin)
文摘As is known, high-level radioactive waste （HLW） is commonly heat-emitting. Heat output from HLWwilldissipate through the surrounding rocks and induce complex thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical（THMC） processes. In highly consolidated clayey rocks, thermal effects are particularly significantbecause of their very low permeability and water-saturated state. Thermal impact on the integrity of thegeological barriers is of most importance with regard to the long-term safety of repositories. This studyfocuses on numerical analysis of thermal effects on hydro-mechanical properties of clayey rock using acoupled thermo-mechanical multiphase flow （TH2M） model which is implemented in the finite elementprogramme OpenGeoSys （OGS）. The material properties of the numerical model are characterised by atransversal isotropic elastic model based on Hooke＇s law, a non-isothermal multiphase flow model basedon van Genuchten function and Darcy＇s law, and a transversal isotropic heat transport model based onFourier＇s law. In the numerical approaches, special attention has been paid to the thermal expansion ofthree different phases： gas, fluid and solid, which could induce changes in pore pressure and porosity.Furthermore, the strong swelling and shrinkage behaviours of clayey material are also considered in thepresent model. The model has been applied to simulate a laboratory heating experiment on claystone.The numerical model gives a satisfactory representation of the observed material behaviour in thelaboratory experiment. The comparison of the calculated results with the laboratory findings verifies thatthe simulation with the present numerical model could provide a deeper understanding of the observedeffects. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
