Transient simulation of a pump-turbine with misaligned guide vanes during turbine model start-up

Experimental studies of a model pump-turbine S-curve characteristics and its improvement by misaligned guide vanes （MGV） were extended to prototype pump turbine through 3-D transient flow simulations. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the SST turbulence model were used to model the transient flow within the entire flow passage of a reversible pump-turbine with and without misaligned guide vanes during turbine model start-up. The unstable S-curve and its improvement by using misaligned guide vane were verified by model test and simulation. The transient flow calculations were used to clarify the variations of pressure pulse and internal flow behavior in the entire flow passage. The use of misaligned guide vanes can eliminate the S-curve characteristics of a pump-turbine, and can significantly increase the pressure pulse amplitude in the entire flow passage and the runner radial forces during start-up. The MGV only decreased the pulse amplitude on the guide vane suction side when the rotating speed was less than 50% rated speed. The hydraulic reason is that the MGV dramatically changed the flow patterns inside the entire flow passage, and destroyed the symmetry of the flow distribution inside the guide vane and runner.

Influence of propagation direction on operation performance of rotating detonation combustor with turbine guide vane

Due to the pressure gain combustion characteristics,the rotating detonation combustor(RDC)can enhance thermodynamic cycle efficiency.Therefore,the performance of gas-turbine engine can be further improved with this combustion technology.In the present study,the RDC operation performance with a turbine guide vane(TGV)is experimentally investigated.Hydrogen and air are used as propellants while hydrogen and air mass flow rate are about 16.1 g/s and 500 g/s and the equivalence ratio is about 1.0.A pre-detonator is used to ignite the mixture.High-frequency dynamic pressure transducers and silicon pressure sensors are employed to measure pressure oscillations and static pressure in the combustion chamber.The experimental results show that the steady propagation of rotating detonation wave(RDW)is observed in the combustion chamber and the mean propagation velocity is above 1650 m/s,reaching over 84%of theoretical Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocity.Clockwise and counterclockwise propagation directions of RDW are obtained.For clockwise propagation direction,the static pressure is about 15%higher in the combustor compared with counterclockwise propagation direction,but the RDW dominant frequency is lower.When the oblique shock wave propagates across the TGV,the pressure oscillations reduces significantly.In addition,as the detonation products flow through the TGV,the static pressure drops up to 32%and 43%for clockwise and counterclockwise propagation process respectively.

Analysis of the Impact of the Space Guide Vane Wrap Angle on the Performance of a Submersible Well Pump

In order to study the influence of the wrap angle relating to the space guide vane of a submersible well pump(250QJ125)on the flow field and pump performance,seven possible configurations have been considered(obtained by changing the blade wrap angle while keeping unchanged all the other parameters).Such configurations have been numerically simulated in the framework of a computational model based on the Reynolds time-averaged N-S equations,the RNG k-εturbulence approach and the SIMPLE algorithm.The impact exerted by different wrap angles of the guide vane on the performance of the pump,the internal losses of the guide vane and the flow field distribution in the bladeless area at the guide vane outlet has been assessed via cross-comparison of all these cases.The results show that the wrap angle has a significant influence:the wrap angle with the highest head is different from that with the highest efficiency,and changes in this angle have a more significant effect on the head than efficiency.A moderate raise of the wrap angle can improve the properties of the flow,reduce turbulence losses and enhance the energy conversion rate inside the guide vane.Different wrap angles can also lead to different fluid circulation modes in the bladeless area from guide vane outlet to impeller inlet,while they have a weak influence on the absolute value of the velocity of the fluid entering the impeller.

Erosion Characteristics of Hydraulic Turbine Guide-Vane End Clearance in Sediment Water Flow: A Simplified Model Analysis

The effect of clearance flow on the erosion characteristics of a circular cylinder with a backward facing step in sediment-laden water flow is analyzed numerically with the mixture model and the re-normalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model. Thirty-six monitoring points are set up on different stream surfaces to collect information on the impact erosion under different flow conditions, where the Initial Sediment Volume Fraction (ISVF) is set to 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15;particle diameter is set to 0.05 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.35 mm, and 0.45 mm respectively. The distribution of particle velocity and Local Solid-Phase Volume Fraction (LSVF) along different stream surfaces are calculated, based on which the trend of erosion is qualitatively evaluated. ISVF and particle diameter play different roles on the impact erosion index parameter () on the different wetted walls. Relative wear rate of numerical estimation agrees well with the practical one under the same working condition. Numerical analysis demonstrates that guide vane with a negative curvature end surface (concave surface) can decrease erosion damage effectively, which may provide a reference for optimal design and maintenance of hydraulic turbine.

Influence of the Axial Position of the Guide Vane on the Fluctuations of Pressure in a Nuclear Pump

The influence of the axial mount position of the guide vane on the pressure fluctuation in a nuclear pump(AP1000)is investigated.The characteristics of the three-dimensional flow inside the nuclear pump are analyzed by means of numerical simulation.Results indicate that when the axial relative distance between the guide vane and the pumping chamber is reduced,in conditions of“small flow,”the efficiency of the pump increases,the pressure inside the pumping chamber decreases,while the losses related to the guide vane grow.Under large flow conditions,as the efficiency of the pump decreases,the losses for the guide vane and the pumping chamber increase.The pressure fluctuation in the annular pumping chamber is basically determined by the rotation frequency and the blade passing frequency.The magnitude of these fluctuations is affected by the guide vane axial position.In particular,the smallest possible amplitude is obtained when the outlet central plane of the guide vane coincides with the outlet axis of the pumping chamber.

Flow-induced Noise and Vibration Analysis of a Piping Elbow with/without a Guide Vane

The effect of a guide vane installed at the elbow on flow-induced noise and vibration is investigated in the range of Reynolds numbers from 1.70×10^5 to 6.81×10^5, and the position of guide vane is determined by publications. The turbulent flow in the piping elbow is simulated with large eddy simulation （LES）. Following this, a hybrid method of combining LES and Lighthill＇s acoustic analogy theory is used to simulate the hydrodynamic noise and sound sources are solved as volume sources in code Actran. In addition, the flow-induced vibration of the piping elbow is investigated based on a fluid-structure interaction （FSI） code. The LES results indicate that the range of vortex zone in the elbow without the guide vane is larger than the case with the guide vane, and the guide vane is effective in reducing flow-induced noise and vibration in the 90° piping elbow at different Reynolds numbers.

Computational Analysis of Mixing Guide Vane Effects on Performance of the Supersonic Ejector-Diffuser System

The flow field in the ejector-diffuser system and its optimal operation condition are hardly complicated due to the complicated turbulent mixing, compressibility effects and even flow unsteadiness which are generated inside the ejector- diffuser system. This paper aims at the improvement in ejector-diffuser system by focusing attention on entrainment ratio and pressure recovery. Several mixing guide vanes were installed at the inlet of the secondary stream for the purpose of the performance improvement of the ejector system. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method based on Fluent has been applied to simulate the supersonic flows and shock waves inside the ejector. A finite volume scheme and density-based solver with coupled scheme were applied in the computational process. Standard k-ω turbulent model, implicit formulations were used considering the accuracy and stability. Previous experimental results showed that more flow vortexes were generated and more vertical flow was introduced into the stream under a mixing guide vane influence. Besides these effects on the secondary stream, the mixing guide vane effects on the shock system of the primary stream were also investigated in this paper. Optimal analysis results of the mixing guide vane effects were also carried out in detail in terms of the positions, lengths and numbers to achieve the best operation condition. The comparison of ejector performance with and without the mixing guide vane was obtained. The ejector-diffuser system performance is discussed in terms of the entrainment ratio, pressure recovery as well as total pressure loss.

Effect of guide vane outlet angle on pump performance and impeller radial force in an axial-flow heart pump

To study the effect of guide vane outlet angle on pump performance and impeller radial force in an axial-flow heart pump, guide vane outlet angle/34 is considered to be 20°, 15°, 10°, 5° and 3° respectively. Based on ANSYS Fluent, numerical results of pump head and efficiency are validated by exper/ment results, in which Xanthan gum solutions are used with concentration of 0.06 wt. % as working fluid. Then, the effects of/34 on pump performance and impeller radial force are discussed, the errors of head and efficiency between test and simulation are within 5%. The results a/so indicate that the pump performance and efficiency are much better than those of other angles when guide vane outlet angle/34 is 10°, and the maximum variations in head and efficiency are 1.9% and 2.2%, respectively. With/34 increasing, the pulsation of radial force decreases firstly and then increases, when/34 is 10°, the minimum pulsation is 0. 0392N, which is about 80% of the maximum pulsation amplitude.

Guide Vane with Current Plate to Improve Efficiency of Cross Flow Turbine

To get the sustainable society, the hydropower with not only the large but also the small/mini/micro capacities has been paid attention to in the power generation. The cross flow turbine can work effectively at the comparatively low head and/or low discharge, then the runner and the turbine profile has been optimizing. In this paper, the model turbine was prepared in accordance with the traditional design, and the performance and the flow condition were investigated experimentally at the various operating conditions. The hydraulic efficiency is doubtlessly maximal while the guide vane is at the normal/design position, and deteriorates in the lower discharges adjusted by the guide vane. Such deteriorations are brought from the unacceptable flow conditions in the inlet nozzle. To improve the efficiency dramatically in the lower discharge, the guide vane installed in the inlet nozzle was equipped with the current plate, and the fruitful effects of the plate on the efficiency were confirmed experimentally.

Performance Assessment of a Heat Recovery Unit Utilizing Turbine with Variable Inlet Guide Vanes Configuration for Application in Passenger Vehicles

This study explores the potentials of employing an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system with variable inlet guide vanes (VIV) turbine geometry designed on a GT-Suite platform for effective exhaust heat recovery (EHR) application onboard passenger vehicles. The ORC model simulation was based on vehicle speed mode using R245fa as working fluid to assess the thermal performance of the ORC system when utilizing modified turbine geometry. Interestingly, the model achieved a very improved performance in contrast to the model without a modified turbine configuration. The results revealed the average 2.32 kW ORC net output, 4.93% thermal efficiency, 6.1% mechanical efficiency, and 5.0% improved brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for the developed model. As determined by the performance indicators, these promising results from the model study show the prospect of EHR technology application in the transportation sector for reduction in exhaust emissions and fuel savings.

2D Model of Guide Vane for Low Head Hydraulic Turbine： Analytical and Numerical Solution of Inverse Problem

Low-head hydraulic turbines are the subjects to individual approach of design. This comes from the fact that hydrological conditions are not of a standard character. Therefore, the design method of the hydraulic turbine stage has a great importance for those who may be interested in such an investment. As a first task in a design procedure the guide vane is considered. The proposed method is based on the solution of the inverse problem within the flame of 2D model. By the inverse problem authors mean a design of the blade shapes for given flow conditions. In the paper analytical solution for the simple cylindrical shape of a guide vane is presented. For the more realistic cases numerical solutions according to the axis-symmetrical model of the flow are also presented. The influence of such parameters as the inclination of trailing edge, the blockage factor due to blade thickness, the influence of loss due to dissipation are shown for the chosen simple geometrical example.

Two Concepts of Guide Vane Profile Design for a Low Head Hydraulic Turbine

Two concepts of the guide vanes channels design for a low head hydraulic turbine were investigated using 2D and 3D models. Model 2D was used to generate the geometry of profiles which form a blade channel. After that by means of 3D commercial code （ANSYS/Fluent v. 15）, the designed cascades were examined. The characteristic parameters of compared guide vanes have been presented. The problem of low head hydraulic turbine design is important from the technical point of view for usually not typical environmental circumstances, in which the hydropower plants are planned.

Influence of long and short guide vanes on hydraulic performance of water-jet pump

Different guide vane structures will affect the flow inside the pump,and then affect the transformation of the pressure energy and kinetic energy,and change the velocity distribution of the pump outlet.In order to study the influence of long and short guide vanes on the water-jet pump,on the basis of conventional design,eight schemes of guide vane with different vertical heights were designed in the method of computational fluid dynamics for numerical calculation,the performance curve of water-jet pumps with different long and short guide vanes was obtained,and finally the influence of different guide vanes on hydraulic performance and internal flow was analyzed.The results show that all of schemes reducing the height of blade can improve the head and efficiency.In the schemes reducing the height on the shroud,the guide vanes that the height of the blade is equal to the height difference between hub and shroud in impeller have the highest head and efficiency.In all schemes decreasing the blade height,with the increase of the height difference,the velocity increases gradually and the distribution of turbulence kinetic energy becomes more reasonable in the guide vane outlet.The schemes reducing the height on the hub have more reasonable distribution of velocity and turbulence kinetic energy according to schemes reducing the height on the shroud.The guide vanes of long and short blades can be used to stagger the position of the diffusion flow generated by adjacent blades,which can reduce the effect of the velocity circulation and make the flow of the outlet position more stable.

ESRC guide vanes of hydraulic turbine for Three Gorges project

The mechanical properties and internal quality of low carbon martensite Electroslag Remelting Casting (ESRC)stainless steel castings are superior to that of sand casting ones. The key technologies for the equipments and ESRCprocesses have been resolved during the experimental research period of guide vanes of hydraulic turbines for ThreeGorges project. And ESRC guide vanes of hydraulic turbines for Three Gorges project have been produced successfully.

Influence of Endwall Contouring on the Secondary Flow in Turbine Nozzle Guide Vane

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of the endwall contouring on the secondary flow in turbine nozzle guide vane.The three contoured cascades with the same contouring profile and the different positions where the contoured profile locates at are researched.The results show that the contouring configuration can reduce the aerodynamic losses of the cascade.The flat side takes advantage of a stronger decrease of the losses,compared to the contoured side.The contouring configuration can also inhibit the secondary flow.The contoured cascade in which the contouring profile starts upstream of the airfoil,ends at the middle of the airfoil has the best effect of improving secondary flow.

Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of E/F/H-Class Gas Turbine Combined Cycle with Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Inlet/Variable Guide Vane Adjustment under Part-Load Conditions

Exhaust gas recirculation control(EGRC),an inlet air heating technology,can be utilized in combination with inlet/variable guide vane control(IGV/VGVC) and fuel flow control(FFC) to regulate the load,thereby effectively improving the part-load(i.e.,off-design) performance of the gas turbine combined cycle(GTCC).In this study,the E-,F-,and H-Class EGR-GTCC design and off-design system models were established and validated to perform a comparative analysis of the part-load performance under the EGR-IGV-FFC and conventional IGV-FFC strategies in the E/F/H-Class GTCC.Results show that EGR-IGV-FFC has considerable potential for the part-load performance enhancement and can show a higher combined cycle efficiency than IGV-FFC in the E-,F-,and H-Class GTCCs.However,the part-load performance improvement in the corresponding GTCC was weakened for the higher class of the gas turbine because of the narrower load range of EGR action and the deterioration of the gas turbine performance.Furthermore,EGR-IGV-FFC was inferior to IGV-FFC in improving the performance at loads below 50% for the H-Class GTCC.The results obtained in this paper could help guide the application of EGR-IGV-FFC to enhance the part-load performance of various classes of GTCC systems.

导叶安装角度对离心泵叶轮结构特性的影响

为提高带导叶蜗壳式离心泵的运行稳定性,研究了不同导叶安装角度对离心泵性能及叶轮结构力学响应的影响.以某带导叶蜗壳泵为研究对象,首先对其进行流场数值模拟,再通过静态和瞬态结构分析模块将水压力载荷导入叶轮结构,以实现单向流固耦合分析,研究不同导叶安装角度下叶轮变形与等效应力变化规律,最后通过模态分析研究叶轮结构的振动特性.结果表明:随着导叶安装角度减小,泵的高效区向小流量工况偏移,并且最高效率逐渐增大,最大提高2.1%;单向流固耦合分析得到的稳态结果与瞬态结果规律一致,其中叶轮最大变形量和最大等效应力值都随流量的增大而减小,在设计工况附近,都随导叶安装角度的减小而减小,最大差值为3.3%,且最大等效应力值变化的幅值较小;预应力对叶轮干模态固有频率的影响可忽略不计,与干模态对比,湿模态下的固有频率有较显著下降.

边箱式π型断面涡振性能及导流板措施参数研究

π型断面因构造简单与受力性能好,被广泛应用于桥梁建设中,但其抗风性能差,易产生涡激振动问题.本文以边箱式π型断面桥梁为研究对象,采用宽高比10∶1的π型断面刚体节段模型进行同步测振测压试验,并且通过计算流体力学方法加以对比验证,研究π型断面涡振性能与导流板抑振机理.试验结果表明:边箱式π型断面在0°、±3°风攻角下发生显著涡激振动,通过在断面两侧加设特定形式及尺寸参数的导流板措施可抑制断面竖弯及扭转涡振.其中,倒L型导流板措施气动优化效果显著,可有效消除涡振振幅,而水平导流板措施的抑振效果有限,相较于竖弯涡振,扭转涡振对于水平导流板尺寸参数更为敏感.通过对比数值模拟结果与表面气动压力分布,表明倒L型导流板措施能够优化断面气动外形,削弱断面上下表面旋涡脱落尺度和能量,同时降低断面所受的周期性气动力,从而有效抑制断面涡振.

变弯度导叶铰接位置对风扇振动特性的影响

针对变弯度导叶尾迹激励引起的转子叶片共振,基于谐响应模态叠加法对风扇转子进行强迫振动分析,研究了不同铰接位置的变弯度导叶对风扇气动性能及其振动特性的影响。结果表明,随着铰接位置向尾缘移动,风扇转子流量、压比和效率增加,稳定裕度降低,主要影响下游转子叶根部位的进气角度。在气动激励方面,随着铰接位置后移,转子叶片表面的压力幅值增大,相位变化剧烈,通过将非定常气动力转换到模态空间中,可以看到叶片所受模态气动力在铰接位置为35%C (C为轴向弦长)的情况下达到最大值,后呈现先减小后增加的规律,这与振动响应的变化规律一致。铰接位置对所关注的高阶局部模态的气动阻尼影响较小,最大差异为0.046%。在振动响应方面,转子叶片的振动应力随铰接位置剧烈改变,且为非单调变化。在设计位置处叶片的振动应力最小,在35%C处振动应力达到设计位置的15倍。对于本文所研究的模型及工况,最优铰接位置为45%C,与仅考虑气动性能的25%C不同。因此在变弯度导叶设计时,需要考虑其对叶片振动特性的影响。

改变导叶翼型对水泵水轮机“S”特性的影响

针对水泵水轮机“S”特性区域的不稳定性问题,提出使用改型活动导叶翼型进行性能提升.以某水泵水轮机模型为研究对象,采用SST k-ω湍流模型对水泵水轮机全流道进行三维数值计算,通过对活动导叶翼型的改型设计,得出流量-转速模拟曲线,分析水泵水轮机组“S”特性改善情况.将计算与试验结果进行对比,并对改型活动导叶翼型前后机组的无叶区进行压力脉动分析.结果表明:在保证整体效率依然保持在92%附近的前提下,新的活动导叶翼型对机组的“S”特性依旧具有改善效果;无叶区压力脉动主要是受到活动导叶叶栅区域的分流在此重新聚集影响,并且与转轮叶片的动静相互扰动引起的;改型后的活动导叶降低了无叶区的压力脉动幅值,提升了水泵水轮机运行中的并网稳定性.