The current techniques used in forensic geochemical hydrocarbon fingerprinting have their genesis along with the evolution of gas chromatography as it applies to hydrocarbon research. In the United States, a small gro...The current techniques used in forensic geochemical hydrocarbon fingerprinting have their genesis along with the evolution of gas chromatography as it applies to hydrocarbon research. In the United States, a small group of government and academic chemists and marine scientists pioneered the use of gas chromatography in the identification of both natural and petroleum-derived hydrocarbons. Natural products were a primary focus until the research direction was altered somewhat by marine oil spills, accidents releasing crude oil and refined petroleum products to the world’s coastal marine environment, giving rise to concerns regarding biogeochemical impacts. Application of oil spill research continued from that point so that the geochemical research begun in the late 1960s and early 1970s now forms a major component of investigations of petroleum releases both in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. As the capabilities for the identification of individual hydrocarbons in a variety of petroleum products improved with basic advances in chromatographic technology, new applied sciences in forensic geochemical hydrocarbon fingerprinting have emerged. While in the beginning the identification of bulk petroleum products received primary emphasis, current techniques are now capable of distinguishing among a variety of potential sources including those derived from natural processes, undetected individual releases, chronic releases and obvious catastrophic releases. However, a review of the techniques employed in the late 1960s and early 1970s will show that the basic approaches pioneered at that time are still in use today, albeit with a higher level, with concomitant advances in chromatographic technology as the questions grow in complexity.展开更多
By gas chromatogram, six crude oils fingerprinting distributed in four oilfields and four oil platforms were analyzed and the corre- sponding normal paraffin hydrocarbon ( including pristane and phytane) concentrati...By gas chromatogram, six crude oils fingerprinting distributed in four oilfields and four oil platforms were analyzed and the corre- sponding normal paraffin hydrocarbon ( including pristane and phytane) concentration was obtained by the internal standard methed. The normal paraffin hydrocarbon distribution patterns of six crude oils were built and compared. The cluster analysis on the normal paraffin hydrocarbon concentration was conducted for classification and some ratios of oils were used for oils comparison. The results indicated: there was a clear difference within different crude oils in different oil fields and a small difference between the crude oils in the same oil platform. The normal paraffin hydrocarbon distribution pattern and ratios, as well as the cluster analysis on the nomad paraffin hydrocarbon concentration can have a better differentiation result for the crude oils with small difference than the original gas chromatogram.展开更多
文摘The current techniques used in forensic geochemical hydrocarbon fingerprinting have their genesis along with the evolution of gas chromatography as it applies to hydrocarbon research. In the United States, a small group of government and academic chemists and marine scientists pioneered the use of gas chromatography in the identification of both natural and petroleum-derived hydrocarbons. Natural products were a primary focus until the research direction was altered somewhat by marine oil spills, accidents releasing crude oil and refined petroleum products to the world’s coastal marine environment, giving rise to concerns regarding biogeochemical impacts. Application of oil spill research continued from that point so that the geochemical research begun in the late 1960s and early 1970s now forms a major component of investigations of petroleum releases both in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. As the capabilities for the identification of individual hydrocarbons in a variety of petroleum products improved with basic advances in chromatographic technology, new applied sciences in forensic geochemical hydrocarbon fingerprinting have emerged. While in the beginning the identification of bulk petroleum products received primary emphasis, current techniques are now capable of distinguishing among a variety of potential sources including those derived from natural processes, undetected individual releases, chronic releases and obvious catastrophic releases. However, a review of the techniques employed in the late 1960s and early 1970s will show that the basic approaches pioneered at that time are still in use today, albeit with a higher level, with concomitant advances in chromatographic technology as the questions grow in complexity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.49976027 the Important Topic of Scientific Research of the State 0ceanic Administration, China, on the construction system of oil fingerprinting database and the key technology (from 2004 to 2005 ).
文摘By gas chromatogram, six crude oils fingerprinting distributed in four oilfields and four oil platforms were analyzed and the corre- sponding normal paraffin hydrocarbon ( including pristane and phytane) concentration was obtained by the internal standard methed. The normal paraffin hydrocarbon distribution patterns of six crude oils were built and compared. The cluster analysis on the normal paraffin hydrocarbon concentration was conducted for classification and some ratios of oils were used for oils comparison. The results indicated: there was a clear difference within different crude oils in different oil fields and a small difference between the crude oils in the same oil platform. The normal paraffin hydrocarbon distribution pattern and ratios, as well as the cluster analysis on the nomad paraffin hydrocarbon concentration can have a better differentiation result for the crude oils with small difference than the original gas chromatogram.