Tectonic-thermal history and hydrocarbon potential of the Pearl River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea:Insights from borehole apatite fission-track thermochronology

The Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB)is one of the most petroliferous basins on the northern margin of the South China Sea.Knowledge of the thermal history of the PRMB is significant for understanding its tectonic evolution and for unraveling its poorly studied source-rock maturation history.Our investigations in this study are based on apatite fission-track(AFT)thermochronology analysis of 12 cutting samples from 4 boreholes.Both AFT ages and length data suggested that the PRMB has experienced quite complicated thermal evolution.Thermal history modeling results unraveled four successive events of heating separated by three stages of cooling since the early Middle Eocene.The cooling events occurred approximately in the Late Eocene,early Oligocene,and the Late Miocene,possibly attributed to the Zhuqiong II Event,Nanhai Event,and Dongsha Event,respectively.The erosion amount during the first cooling stage is roughly estimated to be about 455-712 m,with an erosion rate of 0.08-0.12 mm/a.The second erosion-driven cooling is stronger than the first one,with an erosion amount of about 747-814 m and an erosion rate between about 0.13-0.21 mm/a.The erosion amount calculated related to the third cooling event varies from 800 m to 3419 m,which is speculative due to the possible influence of the magmatic activity.

Hydrocarbon charge history of the Paleogene reservoir in the northern Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China

The hydrocarbon charge history of the Paleogene in the northern Dongpu Depression was analyzed in detail based on a comprehensive analysis of the generation and expulsion history of the major hydrocarbon source rocks, fluorescence microscopic features and fluid inclusion petrography. There were two main stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of oil from the major hydrocarbon source rocks. The first stage was the main hydrocarbon expulsion stage. The fluorescence microscopic features also indicated two stages of hydrocarbon accumulation. Carbonaceous bitumen, asphaltene bitumen and colloidal bitumen reflected an early hydrocarbon charge, whereas the oil bitumen reflected a second hydrocarbon charge. Hydrocarbon inclusions also indicate two distinct charges according to the diagenetic evolution sequence, inclusion petrography features combined with the homogenization temperature and reservoir burial history analysis. According to these comprehensive analysis results, the hydrocarbon charge history of the Paleogene reservoir in the northern Dongpu Depression was divided into two phases. The first phase was from the late Dongying depositional period of the Oligocene to the early uplift stages of the late Paleogene. The second phase was from the late Minghuazhen period of the Pliocene to the Quaternary. Reservoirs formed during the first period were widely distributed covering the entire area. In contrast,reservoirs formed during the second period were mainly distributed near the hydrocarbon generation sags. Vertically, it was characterized by a single phase in the upper layers and two phases in the lower layers of the Paleogene.

Determination of Hydrocarbon Charging History by Diagenetic Sequence and Fluid Inclusions:A Case Study of the Kongquehe Area in the Tarim Basin

Petrographic analysis of hydrocarbon inclusions in reservoirs is the basis and prerequisite for study of hydrocarbon charge history using fluid inclusion analysis.Samples from Silurian reservoirs in the Kongquehe area were studied with microscopy,cathode luminescence and scanning electron microscopy,and the paragenetic sequence of diagenetic events was established.Aqueous and oil inclusions were found in four different occurrences,i.e.,① in healed cracks in detrital quartz grains,② in quartz overgrowths that were formed relatively early in diagenesis,③ in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz,and ④ in paragenetically late calcite cements.Solid bitumens were found in intergranular pores and in late fractures,whereas gas inclusions occur in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz.The homogenization temperatures of aqueous（Th_（aq）） and oil incluisons（Th_0） within individual fluid inclusion assemblages are very consistent,suggesting that the microthermometric data are reliable.The Th_（aq） values are generally larger than Th_0,indicating the oil charging events took place at significant depths.The results suggest that there were at least two episodes of hydrocarbon charging in the Kongquehe area：the early hydrocarbon charging occurred in late Caledonian,dominated by oil,and the late hydrocarbon charging occurred in the Yanshan-Himalayan,first by oil and then gases.In addition,two episodes of hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and destruction occurred in the Hercynian and Himalayan,respectively,forming solid bitumen.

Hydrocarbon generation history constrained by thermal history and hydrocarbon generation kinetics:A case study of the Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China

With the increasing exploration and development of typical hydrocarbon-rich depressions,such as the Dongpu Depression,the exploitation difficulty of shallow formations is increasing.There is an urgent need to clarify the hydrocarbon generation mode and hydrocarbon generation histories in deep formations.In this study,a gold tube-autoclave closed system was used to simulate the hydrocarbon generation processes and establish the hydrocarbon generation mode of different types of kerogen.Then,constrained by the thermal history and hydrocarbon generation kinetics,hydrocarbon generation histories were modeled.The results show that hydrocarbon generation evolution can be divided into five stages,and the maturity of each stage is different.The hydrocarbon generation history of the source rocks of the Shahejie 3 Formation mainly dates from the early depositional period of the Shahejie 1 Formation to the middle depositional period of the Dongying Formation.Hydrocarbon generation history constrained by thermal history and hydrocarbon generation kinetics is more in line with actual geological conditions.Moreover,this research can provide important hydrocarbon generation parameters for deep oil and gas exploration and exploitation of the Shahejie 3 Formation in the Dongpu Depression.

Thermal and maturation history for Carboniferous source rocks in the Junggar Basin, Northwest China: implications for hydrocarbon exploration

The reconstruction of thermal history is an important component of basin evolution and hydrocarbon exploration.Based on vitrinite reflectance data,we integrate the paleo-temperature gradient and paleo-heat flow methods to reconstruct the thermal history of Junggar Basin.Compared with present thermal state,the Junggar Basin experienced much a higher heat flow of ca.80–120 mW/m2 during the Carboniferous.This feature can be attributed to large-scale volcanic events and related thermal effects.The hydrocarbon maturation history of Carboniferous source rocks indicates that the temperature rapidly reached the threshold of hydrocarbon generation during the Late Carboniferous and has never achieved such a high level since then.This characteristic resulted in the early maturation of hydrocarbons in Carboniferous source rocks.Meanwhile,the results reveal that hydrocarbon maturities are different among various tectonic units in Junggar Basin.The kerogen either rapidly broke through the dry gas period so that cracking of gas occurred or remained in the oil maturation window forming oil reservoirs,which depended on the tectonic background and depositional environment.In this study,we present the thermal and hydrocarbon maturation history since the Carboniferous,which has important implications for further hydrocarbon exploration in Junggar Basin.

Geothermal Regime,Thermal History and Hydrocarbon Generation Types of Sedimentary Basins in the Continental Area of China

The thermal regimes in sedimentary basins in the continental area of China are varied and reflect differences in geological settings. As a result of these variable thermal regimes, the history of hydrocarbon generation in each basin is also different. An east-west profile of the thermal threshold across the continental basins of China, like the Liaohe Basin, the North China Basin, the Ordos Basin, the Qaidam Basin and the Tarim Basin, was constructed using large numbers of heat flow measurements, temperature data and rock thermophysical parameters. Isotherms, surface heat flow, mantle heat flow and Moho temperature beneath the basins are shown in the profile, which illustrates changes in some thermal characteristics between basins in east China and those in west China. Thermal evolution histories in basins were reconstructed using Easy%Ro method, apatite fission track annealing and other paleothermometers. Typical hydrocarbon generation histories of the primary source rocks were modeled by referring to the thermal evolution data. Thermal stages controlled source rocks maturation and oil and gas generation, and influenced the type of hydrocarbon (oil and gas) production in the basins.

Thermal History and Potential of Hydrocarbon Generated from Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Source Rocks in the Malita Graben, Northern Bonaparte Basin, Australia

The Malita Graben is located in the northern Bonaparte Basin, between the Sahul Platform to the northwest and the Petrel Sub-basin and Darwin Shelf to the south. The wells Beluga 1, Heron 1, Evans Shoal 1, Evans Shoal 2 and Seismic Line N11805 are selected to determine the thermal history and potential of hydrocarbon generated from the Plover, Elang, Frigate Shale (Cleia and Flamingo), and Echuca Shoals formations source rocks. The modeling was performed by using Basin Mod 1-D and 2-D techniques. The model results show that the geothermal gradients range from 3.05 to 4.05°C/100 m with an average of 3.75°C/100 m and present day heat flow values from 46.23 to 61.99 mW/m2 with an average of 56.29 mW/m2. The highest geothermal gradient and present-day heat flow values occurred on a terrace north of the Malita Graben. These most likely indicate that hot fluids are currently variably migrating into this structure. The lower geothermal gradient and heat flow values have been modeled in the southeast sites in the well Beluga 1. The northern Bonaparte Basin experienced several deformation phases including lithospheric thinning;hence, heat flow is expected to vary over the geological history of the basin. The higher paleo-heat flow values changing from 83.54 to 112.01 mW/m2 with an average of 101.71 mW/m2 during Jurassic rift event (syn-rift) were sufficient for source rocks maturation and hydrocarbon generation during Cretaceous post-breakup sequence (post-rift) in the study area. The Tuatara (Upper Frigate Shale) Formation source rock with type II & III kerogen dominantly showing mixed oil- and gas-prone, and Plover Formation with type III and gas prone have never reached the peak mature oil window in the well Beluga 1. This area indicates that the maturity of source rocks is low and considered to be from poor-to-good organic richness with poor-to-fair potential for hydrocarbons generation. The post mature Cleia (Lower Frigate Shale) and Echuca Shoals formations source rocks in the well Evans Shoal 1 and an early mature oil window Echuca Shoals formation source rock in the well Evans Shoal 2, characterized by type III kerogen dominantly showing gasprone are a fair-to-very good source richness with poor potential for hydrocarbons generation. The low to high maturity of Echuca Shoals and Petrel (Frigate Shale) formations source rocks in the well Heron 1, Plover Formation source rock in the Evans Shoal 1 well, and Cleia (Lower Frigate Shale) and Plover formations in the well Evans Shoal 2, showing gas-prone with type III and II & III kerogens predominantly, have reached the late mature oil and wet gas generation stages at present day. These last five formations source rocks are seen from poor-to-very good organic richness with poor-to-very good potential for hydrocarbons generation in the Malita Graben.

Petroleum Generation Kinetics and Geological Implications for Jurassic Hydrocarbon Source Rocks,Hongqi Depression,Hailar Basin,Northeast China

A sample from the Jurassic Tamulangou Fm.and two comparison samples from the Cretaceous Fm.were used to document the hydrocarbon generation kinetics and phase behaviors at two heating rates using the confined gold tube system.The results show that the different heating rates affect the reaction rates,paths and levels of organic matter evolution.The average activation energy and dominant frequency activation energy of liquid hydrocarbon are significantly lower than those of gaseous.Moreover,igneous intrusion had a positive effect on the blooming,enrichment and preservation of organic matter,promoting a Ro increase of 0.09%–1.07%in the Jurassic Tamulangou Fm.Two models were used to simulate the normal and abnormal evolution caused by thermal events combined hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters.Thermal simulation analysis shows that oil generation was initially slow and then increased rapidly until a burial depth of 1500 m was reached at~128 Ma.The largest hydrocarbon expulsion began at~120 Ma,corresponding to a burial depth of 2450 m.The maximum cumulative yield is 510 mg/g TOC,and it is still in the peak period of hydrocarbon generation,which demonstrates a favorable potential for hydrocarbon exploration.

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷二叠系下乌尔禾组烃源岩类型与热演化研究

沙湾凹陷下组合油气资源丰富,下乌尔禾组烃源岩被证实是凹陷内主要的油气来源。然而,由于烃源岩埋深较大、勘探程度低,烃源岩类型、热演化以及生烃史尚不清楚,制约了下组合油气成藏规律的认识。本研究基于烃源岩地球化学参数,认识下乌尔禾组烃源岩基本特征,利用盆地模拟恢复烃源岩热演化以及生烃演化史,在此基础上对油气成藏过程进行分析。结果表明:沙湾凹陷下乌尔禾组烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主,平均有机碳含量(TOC)为0.82%,生烃潜量(S_(1)+S_(2))为5.32 mg/g,为中等烃源岩,平均成熟度(Ro)为1.27%,处于成熟—高成熟阶段。热演化模拟显示下乌尔禾组烃源岩于晚三叠世晚期进入生烃门限(Ro=0.5%),晚侏罗世—晚白垩世达到生油高峰(Ro=1.0%)。白垩纪末期,有机质热演化进入了高成熟演化阶段(Ro>1.3%)。沙湾凹陷超深层储层经历多期油气充注,油气的多期混合以及断层活动的不均一性造成不同层位多种相态油气藏共存。研究认识为准噶尔盆地超深层油气成藏过程和机理研究奠定了坚实的基础。

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷西斜坡上乌尔禾组油藏成藏模式新认识

2018年,在精细刻画古地貌的基础上划分准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷上二叠统上乌尔禾组沉积相,以“沟槽控砂、相控储集层”的成藏模式部署上钻沙探1井首获突破。但由于沉积相和储集层研究不足,沙探1井钻遇的储集层规模未达预期,成藏模式还需要进一步完善。因此,利用地震、录井、测井、岩心和地球化学等资料对沙湾凹陷上乌尔禾组沉积相和储集层特征进行系统研究。结果表明:沙湾凹陷发育小拐扇和沙门子扇2个沉积体系,沙门子扇规模更大,发育退覆式扇三角洲沉积相;上乌尔禾组从下至上分为3段,其中,乌二段薄砂层、乌一段上砂组下部和下砂组上部砂砾岩为主要的储集体;上乌尔禾组发育孔隙-裂缝双重介质型储集层;通源断裂为油气输送提供优势通道。建立了“断裂通源、扇控储集层、裂缝控产”成藏模式,发现了沙湾凹陷西斜坡断层-岩性油藏和断层-地层油藏,拓展了上乌尔禾组的油气勘探领域。

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘泾河油田长7段烃源岩生、排烃期与油气成藏期对比

泾河油田位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南部,目前已发现的油气主要位于研究区东北部,前人研究表明原油主要来自延长组长7段油页岩,然而原油到底来自研究区还是其东北部盆地中心的烃源岩还未有定论,从而制约了泾河油田的下一步勘探。利用盆地模拟方法,模拟了研究区和盆地中心长7段烃源岩生、排烃史,确定了泾河油田不同构造部位长7段烃源岩的生、排烃时间,并结合流体包裹体技术厘定了延长组储层原油成藏期次。烃源岩生、排烃时间和储层原油成藏时间以及生、排烃量的计算结果显示,泾河油田长7段烃源岩对本区油气成藏贡献有限,而盆地中心烃源岩生、排烃时间与研究区油气成藏时间具有很好的对应关系,并且本区油气明显具有由东北部向西南部运移的特点。因此与普遍认为的延长组储层以近源短距离垂向运移为主的成藏特征不同,本区已发现油藏可能主要来源于其东北部盆地中心优势生、排烃区,沿走滑断裂带经历了一定距离的侧向运移后聚集成藏。研究结果可为下一步研究区有利运聚方向及成藏区带预测提供重要参考。

川中地区大安寨段页岩热演化史及油气地质意义

下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段为四川盆地陆相页岩油开发的最有利层段,页岩油勘探潜力巨大,然而对该地层的热演化史缺乏系统研究。利用含油气盆地模拟系统,对比分析了川中地区北部与中部大安寨段页岩热演化及生烃差异,并探讨其对页岩油富集的影响。研究区大安寨段页岩现今热演化程度由西南向东北逐渐增高,平面上可分为高成熟区和成熟区。高成熟区位于研究区北部,镜质体反射率为1.3%~1.7%,主要发育Ⅲ型有机质,在晚侏罗世早期进入早期生油阶段,晚侏罗世末达到生烃高峰,存在2期生烃作用;成熟区位于研究区中—南部,镜质体反射率为0.9%~1.3%,主要发育Ⅱ1型—Ⅱ2型有机质,侏罗系沉积厚度相对较小,有机质成熟时期较晚,晚侏罗世末进入早期生油阶段,早白垩世进入生烃高峰,仅有1期生烃过程。相较于北部地区,中部地区沉积了大套的富有机质页岩,是大安寨段页岩油坚实的物质基础,但古近纪以来的构造抬升与地层剥蚀,对该区的油气保存具有一定的破坏作用。

西湖凹陷玉泉构造油气成藏时空匹配关系研究

以地质录井资料为基础,结合流体包裹体、自生伊利石同位素等地球化学资料,运用平衡剖面、盆地模拟技术,研究玉泉构造断裂演化史、圈闭发育史、埋藏史、成岩史、生烃史、油气成藏史及其时空匹配关系。研究表明:玉泉构造经历了前挤压反转期、挤压反转早期和挤压反转晚期3个阶段,其中挤压反转早期和晚期为NWW向调节断层和圈闭发育、定型的关键阶段;花港组下段H6—H7自13.0 Ma以来油气持续充注成藏至今,储层物性较差,花港组上段为13.0~11.4 Ma和4.2 Ma至今两期油气充注成藏,且第二期为主要油气成藏期,储层物性较好,龙井组为3.4 Ma至今一期充注成藏,储层物性好。总结出玉泉构造寻找有利勘探目标的关键条件为:以花港组上段为勘探主要目的层,靠近早期发育的NNE油源断层,避开晚期NWW向调节断层,指出玉泉3井区北部、玉泉1井区北部花港组上段以及玉泉3井区NWW向断层上盘龙井组、玉泉1井区龙井组上段为有利勘探区。

Hydrocarbon Generation Evolution of Permo-Carboniferous Rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China

The Bohai Bay Basin is a Mesozoic subsidence and Cenozoic rift basin in the North China Craton. Since the deposition of the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock, the basin has undergone many tectonic events. The source rocks have undergone non-uniform uplift, twisting, deep burying, and magmatism and that led to an interrupted or stepwise during the evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks. We have investigated the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rocks history of burying, heating, and hydrocarbon generation, not only on the basis of tectonic disturbance and deeply buried but also with new studies on apatite fission track analysis, fluid inclusion measurements, and the application of the numerical simulation of EASY % Ro. The heating temperature of the source rocks continued to rise from the Indosinian to Himalayan stage and reached a maximum at the Late Himalayan. This led to the stepwise increases during organic maturation and multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation. The study delineated the tectonic stages, the intensity of hydrocarbon generation and spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbon generations. The hydrocarbon generation occurred during the Indosinian, Yanshanian, and particularly Late Himalayan. The hydrocarbon generation during the late Himalayan stage is the most important one for the Permo-Carboniferous source rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China.

Tectono-Thermal Evolution, Hydrocarbon Filling and Accumulation Phases of the Hari Sag, in the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, Inner Mongolia,Northern China

This work restored the erosion thickness of the top surface of each Cretaceous formations penetrated by the typical well in the Hari sag, and simulated the subsidence burial history of this well with software BasinMod. It is firstly pointed out that the tectonic subsidence evolution of the Hari sag since the Cretaceous can be divided into four phases: initial subsidence phase, rapid subsidence phase,uplift and erosion phase, and stable slow subsidence phase. A detailed reconstruction of the tectonothermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation histories of typical well was undertaken using the EASY R% model, which is constrained by vitrinite reflectance(R) and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. In the rapid subsidence phase, the peak period of hydrocarbon generation was reached at c.a.105.59 Ma with the increasing thermal evolution degree. A concomitant rapid increase in paleotemperatures occurred and reached a maximum geothermal gradient of about 43-45℃/km. The main hydrocarbon generation period ensued around 105.59-80.00 Ma and the greatest buried depth of the Hari sag was reached at c.a. 80.00 Ma, when the maximum paleo-temperature was over 180℃.Subsequently, the sag entered an uplift and erosion phase followed by a stable slow subsidence phase during which the temperature gradient, thermal evolution, and hydrocarbon generation decreased gradually. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was discussed based on homogenization temperatures of inclusions and it is believed that two periods of rapid hydrocarbon accumulation events occurred during the Cretaceous rapid subsidence phase. The first accumulation period observed in the Bayingebi Formation(Kb) occurred primarily around 105.59-103.50 Ma with temperatures of 125-150℃. The second accumulation period observed in the Suhongtu Formation(Ks) occurred primarily around84.00-80.00 Ma with temperatures of 120-130℃. The second is the major accumulation period, and the accumulation mainly occurred in the Late Cretaceous. The hydrocarbon accumulation process was comprehensively controlled by tectono-thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history. During the rapid subsidence phase, the paleo temperature and geothermal gradient increased rapidly and resulted in increasing thermal evolution extending into the peak period of hydrocarbon generation,which is the key reason for hydrocarbon filling and accumulation.

Hydrocarbon generation conditions and exploration potential of the Taoudeni Basin,Mauritania

The Taoudeni Basin is a typical and steady intracratonic basin in Mauritania, northwest Africa. There are six sets of potential source rocks and five regional unconformable surfaces of the Infracambrian and Paleozoic developed in the basin. We used seismic stratigraphic correlation to recover the denudation thickness of formations at a particular well location. Studies of the hydrocarbon generation history of the basin illustrate that hydrocarbon migration and accumulation occurred in the end of the Carboniferous, and after that, the whole basin suffered denudation for a long period of time. Because there is no thick Mesozoic overburden in the basin, the Silurian source rocks could not generate hydrocarbon in the Mesozoic era for the second time. Consequently, the prospects for successful hydrocarbon exploration in the basin are not good.

川东南涪陵地区凉高山组湖相页岩生烃潜力评价

为查明川东南涪陵地区凉高山组湖相页岩的生烃潜力,对该区10余口页岩含油井段400余件凉高山组岩样开展了地球化学测试分析,结果表明,凉二下亚段、凉一上亚段有机质丰度最高,总有机碳含量平均值分别为1.57%和0.81%;岩石热解生烃潜量为2.63~5.59 mg/g,干酪根类型以Ⅱ_(1)、Ⅱ_(2)型为主;湖相泥页岩镜质体反射率在0.98%~1.46%,处于成熟-高成熟演化阶段。基于凉高山组湖相有机质的地化特征,采用体积动力学原理建立了3种不同干酪根的生烃动力学模型,恢复了涪陵地区凉高山组泥页岩的生排烃史和生烃量。模拟结果表明,涪陵地区凉高山组泥页岩生烃转化率为65.0%~98.2%;生烃演化过程具有“单峰”特征,最大产烃率为5.15~18.50 mg/(g.Ma);单位生烃总量为(63.0~144.0)×10^(4)t。烃源岩生烃潜力受沉积环境控制,从滨湖-浅湖-半深湖,生烃转化率、最大产烃率和生烃总量呈现逐渐增加的趋势,其中,半深湖相泥页岩是涪陵地区最优质的烃源岩,其主要分布于TL7-YX1-TY1井区,是该区最有利的陆相页岩油富集区。

渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化及与中—新生代构造演化的响应关系

渤海湾盆地石炭系—二叠系为烃源岩的古生界潜山内幕型原生油气藏认识程度低,勘探难度大,明确石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化过程及与中—新生代构造演化的响应关系对内幕型原生油气藏勘探具有重要意义。笔者等基于三维地震资料、典型井实测镜质体反射率、流体包裹体等数据资料,进一步采用构造解析、潜山埋藏史分析以及盆地生烃模拟等技术手段,探讨了渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷中—新生代构造运动及对石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化的控制作用,明确了生烃时期及有利生烃范围。研究表明,黄骅坳陷中—新生代构造活动经历了“两期裂陷,两期抬升”的四个演化阶段,形成多种类型的埋藏史,构造运动引起的古地温变化使南北地区烃源岩进行差异了生烃演化,裂陷建造作用促进地温上升,有利于有机质生烃,挤压改造作用抑制地温上升,有机质生烃中止。乌马营潜山及歧北潜山具有3次生烃阶段,生烃期为早—中三叠纪、早白垩纪、古近纪,港北潜山具有两次生烃阶段,生烃期为早—中三叠纪、古近纪。黄骅坳陷内早期(即早—中三叠纪)生烃范围局限,晚期(即古近纪)生烃最有利,乌马营地区及歧北地区为原生油气藏有利勘探区。

准噶尔盆地南缘环博格达山中二叠统黑色泥页岩生烃动力学研究:对周边探区油气勘探启示

为了探究准噶尔盆地南缘环博格达山中二叠统富有机质泥页岩的生烃潜力,对该地区不同构造单元的烃源岩进行生烃动力学研究,并讨论不同研究结果的物理化学意义以及影响活化能分布的化学反应机理。研究结果显示,受控于加热温度,含水体系恒温裂解模拟结果侧重于揭示干酪根生油的过程,而Rock-Eval开放体系的结果反映烃源岩产生所有烃类的过程。位于博格达山东北麓的中二叠统黑色泥页岩生烃活化能主峰约为55 kcal/mol,在北麓泉子街地区的活化能主峰约为60 kcal/mol,在西部的井井子沟地区和南部柴窝堡凹陷的活化能主峰约分布在65~70 kcal/mol之间。I型有机质表现出的高热解活化能可能与高峰度的链烷烃组分相关,因为链烷烃环化所需要的活化能高于其他脱氢反应。环博格达山地区,逆冲断层下盘的深部地层存在一定规模的油气聚集。

中-上扬子地区下寒武统筇竹寺阶泥页岩差异成气过程分析

中上扬子地区下寒武统筇竹寺阶黑色泥页岩具有很高的总有机碳丰度(TOC含量)和生烃潜力而被认为是继上奥陶—下志留统五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气取得突破之后最有潜力的后备勘探层系。其优质烃源岩主要分布于绵阳长宁裂陷槽、湘鄂西裂陷槽、川东黔北深水陆棚相和斜坡盆地相。优质烃源岩层段受沉积相带控制主要分布于筇竹寺阶下部,其TOC具有不对称单峰型分布样式;若受到热水沉积影响,则出现两个TOC峰值;在深水陆棚和斜坡盆地相中上部则发育多个稳定分布的TOC峰值。烃源岩生烃史数值模拟、流体包裹体分析、超低浓度U-Pb定年和页岩气组分与同位素组成成因分析综合结果表明,中上扬子地区下寒武统筇竹寺阶黑色泥页岩存在两种成烃演化模型:(1)以湘鄂西和川东地区为代表,筇竹寺阶烃源岩经历一期生油和原油/干酪根裂解生气过程,加里东晚期(430 Ma)第一次生油,温度95.7~105.2℃;海西晚期(270 Ma)原油开始裂解成气,温度144.7℃左右;燕山早期湿气二次裂解,温度215.3℃;成气时限270~130 Ma;燕山晚期至今(130~0 Ma)页岩气泄漏。(2)以陕南、川南、川中和川西南等地区为代表,筇竹寺阶烃源岩经历了两期生油和原油/干酪根裂解生气过程;第一期生油时间421.5 Ma,温度115.8~128.9℃;第二期生油时间262.4~256.4 Ma,温度137.1~150.0℃;海西晚期((259.4±3.0)Ma)裂陷槽筇竹寺组原油在140℃左右开始裂解成气;燕山中—晚期(175~133 Ma)湿气二次裂解,温度220℃左右;至今由于保存条件较好仍处于聚集和调整过程之中。不同成烃演化模型的出现主要是受区域构造沉积演化控制的。研究区下寒武统筇竹寺阶泥页岩气主要为有机成因的“油型气”,是干酪根裂解气和原油裂解气混合气;黔北地区和渝东南地区内因断层发育,早期生成的页岩气受到地表水和大气的冲洗,使得页岩气组分和同位素发生变化,富氮、δ13 C 1值降低。