Whole-brain CT Perfusion at Admission and During Delayed Time-window Detects the Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective To evaluate the utility of computed tomography perfusion(CTP)both at admission and during delayed cerebral ischemia time-window(DCITW)in the detection of delayed cerebral ischemia(DCI)and the change in CTP parameters from admission to DCITW following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods Eighty patients underwent CTP at admission and during DCITW.The mean and extreme values of all CTP parameters at admission and during DCITW were compared between the DCI group and non-DCI group,and comparisons were also made between admission and DCITW within each group.The qualitative color-coded perfusion maps were recorded.Finally,the relationship between CTP parameters and DCI was assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analyses.Results With the exception of cerebral blood volume(P=0.295,admission;P=0.682,DCITW),there were significant differences in the mean quantitative CTP parameters between DCI and non-DCI patients both at admission and during DCITW.In the DCI group,the extreme parameters were significantly different between admission and DCITW.The DCI group also showed a deteriorative trend in the qualitative color-coded perfusion maps.For the detection of DCI,mean transit time to the center of the impulse response function(Tmax)at admission and mean time to start(TTS)during DCITW had the largest area under curve(AUC),0.698 and 0.789,respectively.Conclusion Whole-brain CTP can predict the occurrence of DCI at admission and diagnose DCI during DCITW.The extreme quantitative parameters and qualitative color-coded perfusion maps can better reflect the perfusion changes of patients with DCI from admission to DCITW.

Research on the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage

目的 :进一步研究脑血管痉挛的发生机理 ,为临床治疗服务。方法 :采用 1 4只成年家犬 ,实验组 9只 ,对照组 5只 ,通过 2次枕大池注血法建立蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)模型。观察痉挛血管的自由基变化、血管活性、血管造影像、超微结构变化。另外 2 0只犬用来观察血管扩张剂的作用。结果 :实验组较对照组自由基含量高 ,血管活性降低 ,血管狭窄 ,管壁损害重。结论 :尼莫地平对急性痉挛有效 ,对慢性痉挛无效 ;慢性血管痉挛是以管壁结构性狭窄为特点。

Hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage:A metaanalytic comparison of aneurysm treatments

AIM: To compare two treatments for ruptured cerebral aneurysm with reference to the relative risk of developing hydrocephalus.METHODS: We reviewed the English language literature on the risk of developing hydrocephalus after aneurysm treatment.Data were divided by type of study(randomized controlled trial,cohort trial,nonrandomized comparison,prospectively- and retrospectively-collected observational study).They were also divided by type of aneurysm treatment(microvascular- clipping,or endovascular- coiling).Additional predictive variables collected for each publication were average age,gender distribution,measures of hemorrhage volume and subarachnoid hemorrhage severity,aneurysm locations,time to treatment,duration of follow-up and date of publication.We employed meta-analysis to calculate pooled risk ratios of developing hydrocephalus in cases receiving aneurysm clipping vs those receiving coiling.Meta-regression was used to correct pooled results for covariates.RESULTS: Because indications for the two treatments are different,there is little clinical equipoise for treating most cases.The single randomized,controlled trial dealt with a small subset of ruptured aneurysms.Neither this nor pooled values from other studies which compared the two treatments had the power to demonstrate significant differences between the two treatments.Nor was there an apparent difference when observational data were meta-analytically pooled.However,when meta-regression was used to correct for predictive variables known to differ between the two treatment groups,a highly-significant difference appeared.Coiling is used more commonly in older,sicker patients with aneurysms in certain locations.These cases are more likely to develop hydrocephalus.When corrected for these covariates,the risk of hydrocephalus was found to be significantly lower in coiled vs clipped cases(P = 0.014).CONCLUSION: Pooled observational data were necessary to demonstrate that coiling ruptured cerebral aneurysms is associated with a lower risk of developing hydrocephalus than is clipping.

A prospective cohort study on serum A20 as a prognostic biomarker of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

BACKGROUND:A20 may be a neuroprotective factor.Herein,we aimed to investigate whether serum A20 levels were associated with disease severity,delayed cerebral ischemia(DCI),and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(aSAH).METHODS:In this prospective cohort study containing 112 aSAH patients and 112 controls,serum A20 levels were quantified.At 90 d poststroke,Modified Rankin Scale(MRS) scores≥3 were defined as a poor outcome.All correlations and associations were assessed using multivariate analysis.RESULTS:Compared with controls,there was a significant elevation of serum A20 levels in patients(median 123.7 pg/mL vs.25.8 pg/mL;P<0.001).Serum A20 levels were independently correlated with Hunt-Hess scores(β 9.854;95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.481-17.227,P=0.009) and modified Fisher scores(β 10.349,95% CI 1.273-19.424,P=0.026).Independent associations were found between serum A20 levels and poor outcome(odds ratio [OR] 1.015,95%CI 1.000-1.031,P=0.047) and DCI(OR 1.018,95% CI 1.001-1.035,P=0.042).Areas under the curve for predicting poor outcome and DCI were 0.771(95% CI 0.682-0.845) and 0.777(95% CI 0.688-0.850),respectively.Serum A20 levels ≥128.15 pg/mL predicted poor outcome,with a sensitivity of 73.9% and specificity of 74.2%,and A20 levels ≥160.55 pg/mL distinguished the risk of DCI with65.5% sensitivity and 89.2% specificity.Its ability to predict poor outcome and DCI was similar to those of Hunt-Hess scores and modified Fisher scores(both P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Enhanced serum A20 levels are significantly associated with stroke severity and poor clinical outcome after aSAH,implying that serum A20 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for aSAH.

Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis complicated with an ophthalmic artery occlusion followed by subarachnoid hemorrhage

A 70-year-old female with poorly controlled diabetes developed sudden visual loss, ptosis and complete ophthalmoplegia of the right eye. Funduscopic examination showed the pale retina and the cherry red spot in the right eye. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography demonstrated the absence of retinal arterial filling and choroidal perfusion in the right eye even 20 minutes after injecting the dye. The patient was diagnosed with right ophthalmic artery occlusion. Computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse mucosal thickening in the right ethmoidal sinus. Based on the clinical findings and endoscopic biopsy result, mucormycosis was confirmed. Amphotericin B (40 mg/day) and ceftriaxone (2 g/day) were intravenously administered. Despite the improvement of the right ethmoidal sinusitis and the right proptosis, the patient deteriorated into a comatose state after 19 days of systemic amphotericin B therapy. Although the previous CT showed no cerebral aneurysm, a repeated CT showed newly developed posterior communicating artery aneurysm and the subarachnoid hemorrhage. Despite the amphotericin B treatment and the improvement of the sinusitis, mucormycosis could cause sudden cerebral aneurysm rupture and subarachnoid hemorrhage resulting in coma.

Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic Terson syndrome in the patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

●AIM:To investigate clinical characteristics of asymptomatic Terson syndrome and its clinical impact in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).●METHODS:This retrospective,interventional study included 31 patients with aneurysmal SAH,and the medical records were reviewed.In addition to baseline characteristics of the study population such as age,sex,and underlying medical history,multi-modal imaging analysis,including fluorescein angiography(FA),spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT),were also reviewed.Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS),Hunt-Hess(HH)grade,and Fisher scale at the time of admission,and functional outcome by using modified Rankin Scale(mRS)at 6 mo were compared.●RESULTS:Of the 31 patients,10 patients(32.3%)were diagnosed with Terson syndrome.All the patients with Terson syndrome did not report visual symptoms at the time of ophthalmologic screening.FA showed microvascular changes of retinal capillaries and varying degrees of disc leakage.SD-OCT allowed intuitive anatomical localization of multi-layered retinal hemorrhages and assessment of ellipsoid zone integrity.The patients with Terson syndrome showed significantly worse GCS(P=0.047)and HH grade(P=0.025)than those without,except Ficher scale(P=0.385).There was no significant difference in the mRS(P=0.250)at 6 mo.Among baseline factors,the HH grade was the only significant factor associated with Terson syndrome(B=1.079,P=0.016).●CONCLUSION:In our study,32.3%of the patients have Terson syndrome without visual symptoms.The baseline HH grade is significantly correlated with Terson syndrome,and there is no significant difference in the functional outcome between the patients with and without Terson syndrome.Terson syndrome may develop without any visual symptoms as shown in our study,and ophthalmologic screening may be recommended to prevent further visual deterioration especially in the patients with poor HH grade at the time of aneurysmal SAH.

Toll-like receptor 4 as a possible therapeutic target for delayed brain injuries after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Neuroinflammation is a well-recognized consequence of subarachnoid hemorrhage（SAH）, and Toll-like receptor（TLR） 4 may be an important therapeutic target for post-SAH neuroinflammation. Of the TLR family members, TLR4 is expressed in various cell types in the central nervous system, and is unique in that it can signal through both the myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88-dependent and the toll receptor associated activator of interferon-dependent cascades to coordinate the maximal inflammatory response. TLR4 can be activated by many endogenous ligands having damage-associated molecular patterns including heme and fibrinogen at the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, and the resultant inflammatory reaction and thereby tissue damages may furthermore activate TLR4. It is widely accepted that the excreted products of TLR4 signaling alter neuronal functions. Previous studies have focused on the pathway through nuclear factor（NF）-κΒ signaling among TLR4 signaling pathways as to the development of early brain injury（EBI） such as neuronal apoptosis and blood-brain barrier disruption, and cerebral vasospasm. However, many findings suggest that both pathways via NF-κΒ and mitogen-activated protein kinases may be involved in EBI and cerebral vasospasm development. To overcome EBI and cerebral vasospasm is important to improve outcomes after SAH, because both EBI and vasopasm are responsible for delayed brain injuries or delayed cerebral ischemia, the most important preventable cause of poor outcomes after SAH. Increasing evidence has shown that TLR4 signaling plays an important role in SAH-induced brain injuries. Better understanding of the roles of TLR4 signaling in SAH will facilitate development of new treatments.

Safety and feasibility of ultra-early lumbar puncture in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objective:to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ultra-early lumbar puncture drainage of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Methods:patients(n=140)with aneurysmal SAH were randomly divided into observation group(n=70)and control group(n=70).After admission,CSF was drained by ultra-early lumbar puncture in the observation group and intermittent lumbar puncture after aneurysm operation in the control group.The incidences of early aneurysm rupture,acute hydrocephalus and delayed hydrocephalus were compared between the two groups.Results:there was no significant diflerence in the incidence of early-ruptured aneurysm and acute hydrocephalus between the two groups,but the incidence of delayed hydrocephalus in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group.Conclusion:ultra-early lumbar puncture drainage of CSF in anexirysmal SAH can effectively reduce the incidence of long-term delayed hydrocephalus and it is a safe and effective treatment.

Clinical Efficacy of Shenmai Injection in the Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm after Ruptured Aneurysm Surgery

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Shenmai Injection on postoperative cerebral vasospasm in patients with ruptured aneurysms. Methods: Seventy patients undergoing craniotomy for ruptured aneurysms in our hospital were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into control (n = 33) and research (n = 37) groups, they were treated with nimodipine and nimodipine combined with Shenmai injection after operation. The blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) before and at 1, 3, 7, 11 and 14 days after surgery and the incidence of cerebral vasospasm during these days were compared, and the GCS scores at 14 days postoperatively and GOS scores at 6 months postoperatively were compared between the two groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm, GCS or GOS scores between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the period of postoperative cerebral vasospasm in the study group was significantly shorter than that in the control group. Conclusion: Shenmai injection has the effect of shortening the cycle of occurrence of cerebral vasospasm after the operation of ruptured aneurysms, promoting patients to recover as early as possible and reducing their physical and mental burden.

Azygos anterior cerebral artery aneurysm with subarachnoid hemorrhage

Azygos anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is type I variation of ACA with a reported incidence of < 1% in population(1)This variation predisposes to the formation of aneurysm especially at the bifurcation zone. The aneurysm develops because of double hemodynamic pressure supplying medial surface of both cerebral hemispheres. However reported incidence of saccular aneurysm in azygos ACA is between 13% and 71%(2,3)It is often associated with other central nervous system (CNS) malformations like agenesis of corpus callosum, hydranencephaly and other vascular malformations[4].

Can CT Perfusion Guide Patient Selection for Treatment of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia?

Purpose: To evaluate qualitative and quantitative CT perfusion (CTP) for different treatment options of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in aneurysmal SAH. Methods: Retrospective study of consecutive SAH patients enrolled in a prospective IRB-approved clinical trial. Qualitative analysis of CTP deficits were determined by two blinded neuroradiologists. Quantitative CTP was performed using standardized protocol with region-of-interest placement sampling the cortex. DCI was assessed by clinical and imaging criteria. Patients were classified into treatment groups: 1) hypertension-hemodilution-hypervolemia (HHH);2) intra-arterial (IA) vasodilators and/or angioplasty;3) no treatment. Mean quantitative CTP values were compared using ANOVA pairwise comparisons. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, standard error (SE) and optimal threshold values were calculated. Results: Ninety-six patients were classified into three treatment groups;21% (19/96) HHH, 34% (33/96) IA-therapy and 46% (44/96) no treatment. DCI was diagnosed in 42% (40/96);of which 18% (7/40) received HHH, 80% (32/40) IA-therapy, and 2% (1/40) no treatment. CTP deficits were seen in 50% (48/96);occurring in 63% (12/19) HHH, 94% (31/33) IA-therapy, and 11% (5/44) no treatment. Presence of CTP deficits had 83% sensitivity, 89% specificity, 90% positive predictive and 81% negative predictive values for treatment. Mean quantitative CTP values revealed significant differences in CBF (p mL/100 gm/min (89% specificity, 71% sensitivity) for determining treatment. Conclusion: These initial findings of significant differences in CTP deficits for different treatment groups suggest that CTP may have a potential role in guiding patient selection for treatment of DCI.

Fisher Ⅲ-Ⅳ级颅内动脉瘤并发脑积水的影响因素分析

目的 探讨FisherⅢ-Ⅳ级颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者并脑积水的相关危险因素。方法 纳入宁夏医科大学总医院神经外科2015年5月—2022年1月收治的313例破裂颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血FisherⅢ-Ⅳ患者,根据不同治疗方式,分别比较并发脑积水和非脑积水2组患者的临床数据资料,经多因素Logistic回归分析患者发生脑积水的独立危险因素。通过独立危险因素构建预测模型,结合受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析模型对患者并发脑积水的预测价值。结果 经单因素分析出开颅夹闭和血管内患者术后合并脑积水分别与FisherⅣ级(P=0.004)、持续腰大池引流(LD)(P=0.017)和Hunt-HessⅢ-V级(P=0.003)、FisherⅣ级(P=0.005)、去骨瓣减压术(P=0.042)、肺炎(P=0.016)相关。经多因素分析得出,开颅夹闭后并脑积水发生的独立危险因素为FisherⅣ级[P=0.007,优势比(OR)=17.949,OR 95%置信区间(CI):2.181~147.682],LD(P=0.003,OR=4.717,OR 95%CI:1.486~89.027)。ROC曲线分析显示,FisherⅣ级+LD[曲线下面积(AUC)=0.747 8,95%CI:0.644 3~0.851 4,P=0.000 2,P_(H-L)=0.851]。血管内栓塞后并脑积水发生的独立危险因素为FisherⅣ级(P=0.048,OR=3.598,OR 95%CI:1.014~12.768),Hunt-HessⅢ-V级(P=0.039,OR=8.610,OR 95%CI:1.113~66.583)。ROC曲线分析显示,FisherⅣ级+Hunt-HessⅢ-V级(AUC=0.705 1,95%CI:0.617 5~0.792 6,P=0.000 8,P_(H-L)=0.789)。结论 颅内破裂动脉瘤Fisher分级Ⅲ-Ⅳ级患者发生脑积水独立危险因素因不同治疗方式而不同。开颅夹闭和血管内栓塞后并发脑积水的独立危险因素分别为FisherⅣ级、持续LD和FisherⅣ级、Hunt-HessⅢ-Ⅳ级。

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者Hunt-Hess分级与并发症及功能障碍相关性分析

目的:探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,aSAH)患者的Hunt-Hess分级与并发症及神经系统功能障碍的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2011年10月到2021年10月收治的195例aSAH患者的临床资料,将Hunt-HessⅠ~Ⅲ级纳入低级别组(86例),Ⅳ~Ⅴ级纳入高级别组(109例)。比较2组患者的一般情况、量表评分、并发症及主要功能障碍,并将差异有统计学意义的指标进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:Hunt-Hess分级与脑积水(OR 2.850、95%CI 1.560~5.206),运动功能障碍(OR 3.522、95%CI 2.026~6.121),语言功能障碍(OR 1.928、95%CI 1.062~3.500),意识障碍(OR 3.662、95%CI 1.558~8.607),吞咽障碍(OR 2.383、95%CI 1.248~4.550)呈正相关;与年龄(OR 0.970、95%CI 0.945~0.996),继发脑梗死(OR 0.414、95%CI 0.227~0.754),Fugl-Meyer平衡评分(OR 0.890、95%CI 0.818~0.968),ADL评分(OR 0.983、95%CI 0.971~0.994)呈负相关。结论:Hunt-Hess高级别组的患者脑积水的发生比率更高,整体功能障碍更重,年轻患者的存活率更高;但Hunt-Hess级别高低,患者均有认知障碍的风险,应注意及时筛查并进行个体化康复。

血清MBL、HRG、IL-23/IL-17炎症轴与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者介入栓塞术后脑血管痉挛和预后的关系

目的探讨血清甘露聚糖结合凝集素(MBL)、富组氨酸糖蛋白(HRG)、白细胞介素(IL)-23/IL-17炎症轴与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)患者介入栓塞术后脑血管痉挛(CVS)和预后的关系。方法选取2019年3月至2022年2月该院收治的195例行介入栓塞术治疗的aSAH患者,根据术后第4天数字减影血管造影检查是否发生CVS及严重程度分为无CVS组(126例)、轻度CVS组(18例)、中度CVS组(39例)和重度CVS组(12例)。比较4组术前及术后3 d血清MBL、HRG、IL-23、IL-17水平。随访6个月,根据患者预后的不同分为预后良好组(137例)和预后不良组(58例)。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析aSAH患者预后不良的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清MBL、HRG、IL-23、IL-17水平及其联合应用模型对aSAH患者预后不良的预测价值。结果195例aSAH患者介入栓塞术后CVS发生率为35.38%。术后3 d,轻、中、重度CVS组血清MBL、IL-23、IL-17水平高于无CVS组,其中重度CVS组高于中度CVS组,中度CVS组高于轻度CVS组(P<0.05);轻、中、重度CVS组血清HRG水平低于无CVS组,其中重度CVS组低于中度CVS组,中度CVS组低于轻度CVS组(P<0.05)。术后3 d,4组血清MBL、IL-23、IL-17水平高于术前,血清HRG水平低于术前(P<0.05)。预后良好组动脉瘤直径≥6 mm、动脉瘤个数>1个、手术时间>24 h、Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ/Ⅳ级、术后CVS患者例数占比及术后3 d血清MBL、IL-23、IL-17水平均低于预后不良组,术后3 d血清HRG水平高于预后不良组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,动脉瘤直径≥6 mm、Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ/Ⅳ级、术后CVS、术后3 d MBL、IL-23、IL-17水平升高及HRG水平降低均是导致aSAH患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,术后3 d血清MBL、HRG、IL-23、IL-17这4项指标对aSAH患者预后不良均有一定的预测效能。4项指标联合应用的预测模型效能较高(曲线下面积为0.853)。结论aSAH患者介入栓塞术后血清MBL、IL-23、IL-17水平升高及HRG水平下降可导致CVS发生风险增加,且与aSAH患者介入栓塞术后的预后不良有关。上述指标对aSAH患者预后不良有一定的预测效能。

腰池持续引流改善动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后急性脑积水患者的预后

目的 分析腰池引流量对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, aSAH)后急性脑积水(acute hydrocephalus, AHC)预后的影响。方法 纳入2017年1月至2022年1月就诊于重庆医科大学附属第一医院神经外科因动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血发生AHC的患者82例。以出院半年后改良Rankin评分量表(modified Rankin scale, mRS)评分为预后结局,对人口学因素、入院时蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage, SAH)严重程度、既往史、血管痉挛、腰池引流等数据进行单因素和多因素Logistic逐步回归分析,并构建列线图预测模型。结果 单因素分析发现WFNS、Hunt-Hess、mFisher、腰池引流时间、分流依赖、脑血管痉挛、腰池引流量可影响患者预后,进一步采用Logistic逐步回归分析,发现高评分WFNS(OR:3.25,95%CI:1.11~9.48)、mFisher高分级(OR:3.66, 95%CI:1.08~12.35)、发生分流依赖(OR:15.56,95%CI:1.22~198.57)与脑血管痉挛(OR:22.24,95%CI:3.08~160.68)是影响mRS的独立危险因素,腰池引流量(OR:0.57, 95%CI:0.40~0.82)是独立保护因素。ROC曲线面积显示模型具有良好的预测效果[AUC:0.898(95%CI:0.935~0.861)];通过Bootstrap方法进行内部验证,结果显示模型具很好的区分能力[C-index:0.950(95%CI:0.904~0.996);校正C-index:0.934]。结论 增加腰池引流量是aSAH术后发生AHC预后不良的独立保护因素,并可以改善SAH患者的预后。

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的影响因素研究

目的研究动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(ASAH)后脑血管痉挛(CVS)发生的影响因素。方法66例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者,根据是否发生CVS分为CVS组与无CVS组,每组33例。收集所有患者的社会人口学数据、入院前的症状和身体状况、量表评分、颅脑CT表现、临床处理情况、动脉瘤特征及相关实验室检查等资料,通过多因素Logistic回归分析动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后出现CVS的影响因素。结果共有66例患者符合入组标准,并且均完成了这项研究,大多数患者年龄分布在40~60岁之间,两组患者中均为女性患者较多。两组患者在年龄、性别、吸烟史、咖啡因使用史、动脉瘤情况(大小、定位、高度、直径)、格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分、Hunt-Hess分级量表(HHS)分级、Fischer分级量表(FS)分级、白蛋白最低值、C反应蛋白(CRP)最大记录、是否腰椎穿刺和(或)脑室腹腔分流术、是否血管内手术后机械通气方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者在视乳头水肿视力减退、脑室内出血、脑积水、动脉瘤宽度、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、尿素最大记录、白细胞计数(WBC)最大记录、国际标准化比值(INR)最大记录、血小板计数(PLT)最低值方面比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将单因素分析有意义的指标进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示:尿素最大记录、WBC最大记录和INR最大记录升高是动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后CVS发生的危险因素(OR=1.235、1.219、1.373,P<0.05)。视乳头水肿视力减退、脑室内出血、脑积水、动脉瘤宽度、mRS评分、PLT最低值不是动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后CVS发生的影响因素(P>0.05)。结论动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者产生颅内炎症状态的强度可能与CVS的发生及其不良后果直接相关。

基于计算流体动力学技术评估动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑缺血风险

目的基于计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)技术,探究动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(anauryrmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,aSAH)后颅内血流动力学早期变化与迟发性脑缺血(delayed cerebral ischemia,DCI)发生的潜在关系。方法本研究前瞻性收集经CTA(CT Angiography)诊断并经DSA(Digital Subtracted Angiography)或手术证实为颅内动脉瘤破裂的患者。收集患者的临床和术前、术后的头颅CTA数据。基于患者的CTA原始图像构建个体化颅内血管模型,基于CFD技术模拟计算术前、术后的压力和壁剪切应力(wall shear stress,WSS)及PR(pressure ratio)、WSSR(WSS ratio)。通过随访影像学或临床体格检查判断是否发生DCI,并分为DCI组和无DCI组,分析比较两组间临床资料及血流动力学参数差异及其与DCI相关性。结果共入组51例患者,其中DCI组共15例患者(29.4%)DCI组较无DCI组,入院时收缩压(170.87±20.28 vs.1.58.19±28.06,P=0.037)、Pressure术后(19735.10±860.18vs.14606.06±11260.28,P=0.010)和PR(1.58±0.01vs.1.37±2.12,P=0.012)均较高。单因素分析显示血流动力学参数均无统计学差异,而多因素分析显示Pressure术前(OR=1,95%CI:0.999~1,P=0.017)、Prassure术后(QR=1.00.1,95%CI:1~1.001,P=0.007)、WSS术前(OR=1.096,95%CI:1.002~1.198,P=0.045)和WSS术后(OR=0.888,95%CI:0.806~0.979,P=0.017)对DCI的影响有统计学意义。ROC曲线显示,基于Pressure术前、Pressure术后、WSS术前及WSS术后模型对DCI的识别效能AUC为0.794,敏感度为73.33%,特异度为86.1%。结论aSAH后颅内血流动力学早期改变与DCI发生有关。

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者报告结局评估工具的研究进展

对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者自我报告结局评估工具进行综述,阐述动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者非特异性、特异性自我报告结局评估工具的主要内容、应用领域等,分析现有评估工具的特点以及存在的不足,以期为动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者自我报告结局评估工具的本土化发展及对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的症状管理、临床决策的制订实施等提供参考依据。