The velocity profiles and separation efficiency curves of a hydrocyclone were predicted by an Euler-Euler approach using a computational fluid dynamics tool ANSYS-CFX 14.5. The Euler-Euler approach is capable of consi...The velocity profiles and separation efficiency curves of a hydrocyclone were predicted by an Euler-Euler approach using a computational fluid dynamics tool ANSYS-CFX 14.5. The Euler-Euler approach is capable of considering the particle-particle interactions and is appropriate for highly laden liquid-solid mixtures. Pre- dicted results were compared and validated with experi- mental results and showed a considerably good agreement. An increase in the particle cut size with increasing solid concentration of the inlet mixture flow was observed and discussed. In addition to this, the erosion on hydrocyclone walls constructed from stainless steel 410, eroded by sand particles （mainly SiOz）, was predicted with the Euler-La- grange approach. In this approach, the abrasive solid particles were traced in a Lagrangian reference frame as discrete particles. The increases in the input flow velocity, solid concentration, and the particle size have increased the erosion at the upper part of the cylindrical body of the hydrocyclone, where the tangential inlet flow enters the hydrocyclone. The erosion density in the area between the cylindrical to conical body area, in comparison to other parts of the hydrocyclone, also increased considerably. Moreover, it was observed that an increase in the particle shape factor from 0.1 to 1.0 leads to a decrease of almost 70 % in the average erosion density of the hydrocyclone wall surfaces.展开更多
Hydrocyclones are mechanical devices used in classifying and separating many different types of materials.A classification function of the hydrocyclone has been continually developed for solid–liquid separation.In th...Hydrocyclones are mechanical devices used in classifying and separating many different types of materials.A classification function of the hydrocyclone has been continually developed for solid–liquid separation.In the classification process of solids from liquids,it is desirable to reduce the amount of misplaced material;therefore,the separation sharpness,α(alpha),is a parameter that helps in evaluating misplaced material and has been developed as a model to help the designer predict the performance of the classification.However,the problem with the separation sharpness model is that it cannot be used outside the range of conditions under which it was developed.Therefore,this research aimed to develop the separation sharpness model to predict more accurately and cover a wide range of conditions using the multiple linear regression method.The new regression model of separation sharpness was based on a wide range of both experimental and industrial data-sets of 431 tests collaborating with the additional experiments of 117 tests that were obtained from a total of 548 tests.The new model of separation sharpness can be used in the range of 30–762 mm hydrocyclone body diameters and feed solid concentrations in the range of 0.5 wt%–80 wt%.When compared with the experimental separation sharpness,the accuracy of the separation sharpness model prediction has an error of 4.53%and^of 0.973.展开更多
Three-dimensional simulation of a multiphase flow is performed using the EulerianEulerian finite volume method in order to evaluate the separation efficiency and velocity field of deoiling hydrocyclones.The solution i...Three-dimensional simulation of a multiphase flow is performed using the EulerianEulerian finite volume method in order to evaluate the separation efficiency and velocity field of deoiling hydrocyclones.The solution is developed using a mass conservation-based algorithm（MCBA） with collocated grid arrangement.The mixture approach of the Reynolds stress model is also employed in order to capture features of turbulent multiphase swirling flow.The velocity field and separation efficiency of two different configurations of deoiling hydrocyclones are compared with available experimental data.The comparison shows that the separation efficiency can be predicted with high accuracy using computational fluid dynamics.The velocity fields are also in good agreement with available experimental velocity measurements.Special attention is drawn to swirl intensity in deoiling hydrocyclones and it is shown that the differences in velocity and volume fraction fields of different configurations are related to swirl distribution.展开更多
The flow fields inside conventional and rotary hydrocyclones were simulated respectively. In these simulations, water only and oil-water mixture, with distinctly different viscosities, were used as continuous phases. ...The flow fields inside conventional and rotary hydrocyclones were simulated respectively. In these simulations, water only and oil-water mixture, with distinctly different viscosities, were used as continuous phases. Simulation results agreed well with the experimental measurements. Simulation results showed that the conventional hydrocyclone could effectively separate sand from water, but could not separate sand from high viscosity water/oil emulsion. This showed that the viscosity of continuous phases influenced greatly both the separation efficiency and the flow field distribution in the conventional hydrocyclone. For high viscosity oil/water sand dispersion （mixture）, the rotary hydrocyclone has better separation performance than the conventional one, with a more favorable flow field distribution.展开更多
A new developed external loop airlift slurry reactor, which was integrated with gas–liquid–solid three-phase mixing, mass transfer, and liquid–solid separation simultaneously, was deemed to be a promising slurry re...A new developed external loop airlift slurry reactor, which was integrated with gas–liquid–solid three-phase mixing, mass transfer, and liquid–solid separation simultaneously, was deemed to be a promising slurry reactor due to its prominent advantages such as achieving continuous separation of clear liquid from slurry and cyclic utilization of solid particles without any extra energy, energy-saving, and intrinsic safety design. The principal operating parameters, including gas separator volume, handling capacity, and superficial gas velocity, are systematically investigated here to promote the capabilities of mixing, mass transfer, and yield in the pilot external loop airlift slurry reactor. The influences of top clearance and throughput of the clear liquid on flow regime and gas holdup in the riser, liquid circulating velocity, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient with a typical high solid holdup and free of particles are examined experimentally. It was found that increasing the gas separator volume could promote the liquid circulating velocity by about 14.0% at most. Increasing the handling capacity of the clear liquid from 0.9 m3·h-1 to 3.0 m3·h-1 not only could increase the output without any adverse consequences, but also could enhance the liquid circulating velocity as much as 97.3%. Typical operating conditions investigated here can provide some necessary data and guidelines for this new external loop airlift slurry reactor to upgrade its performances.展开更多
Three different inlets of hydrocyclone are studied in combination with the construction of a dowrahole system and hydrocyclone. By comparing the relationship between the inlet structure ＆ dimensional parameter of hyd...Three different inlets of hydrocyclone are studied in combination with the construction of a dowrahole system and hydrocyclone. By comparing the relationship between the inlet structure ＆ dimensional parameter of hydrocyclone and separation efficiency ＆ pressure loss, the highest efficiency is obtained from the inlet of an involute curve with increasing depth-width ratio from the three types, in which the separation efficiency and pressure loss all drops slowly, for the length of the channel decreases, while it drops rapidly in the other two. The flow guiding ability of the inlet affects the separation efficiency greatly, so the corresponding involute type of inlet of hydrocyclone fits for downhole oil-water separation is optimized, which serves as a basis for the structural design of downhole hydrocyclone.展开更多
The pre-treatment of zinc oxide bearing ores with high slime content is important to ensure that resources are utilized optimally. This paper reports an improved process using hydrocyclone de-sliming, dispersion reage...The pre-treatment of zinc oxide bearing ores with high slime content is important to ensure that resources are utilized optimally. This paper reports an improved process using hydrocyclone de-sliming, dispersion reagents, and magnetic removal of iron minerals for the pre-treatment of zinc oxide ore with a high slime and iron content, and the benefits compared to traditional technologies are shown. In addition, this paper investigates the damage related to fine slime and iron during zinc oxide flotation, the necessity of using hydrocyclone de-sliming together with dispersion reagents to alleviate the influence of slime, and interactions among hydrocyclone de-sliming, reagent dispersion, and magnetic iron removal. Results show that under optimized operating conditions the entire beneficiation technology results in a flotation concentrate with a Zn grade of 34.66% and a recovery of 73.41%.展开更多
Bentonites consisting mainly of montmorillonite are widely utilized in various applications. However, natural bentonites contain many kinds of impurities such as quartz, cristobalite, feldspar, zeolite, calcite etc., ...Bentonites consisting mainly of montmorillonite are widely utilized in various applications. However, natural bentonites contain many kinds of impurities such as quartz, cristobalite, feldspar, zeolite, calcite etc., which can decrease the performance of bentonite. Furthermore, quartz and cristobalite are carcinogenic. Therefore purification of bentonite is critical to its applications. Among the impurities in bentonite, cristobalite is the most difficult one to get rid of because of its tiny particle size and aggregation state.展开更多
The article deals with modeling the tailing ponds influence on water resources. New technology using hydrocyclons of new design has been offered for additional purification of gold dressing mill wastewater. Laboratory...The article deals with modeling the tailing ponds influence on water resources. New technology using hydrocyclons of new design has been offered for additional purification of gold dressing mill wastewater. Laboratory and plant test have determined the optimal parameters of hydrocyclon. Introduction of new technology into system of water supply will prevent environment pollution and make it possible to process recoverable resources.展开更多
A compound hydrocyclone is a new strategy for oil-water separation. It is based on the study of static and dynamic hydrocyclones. In this paper are introduced its geometric traits and separation mechanism. Experiments...A compound hydrocyclone is a new strategy for oil-water separation. It is based on the study of static and dynamic hydrocyclones. In this paper are introduced its geometric traits and separation mechanism. Experiments are carried out about the relationship between geometric parameters ＆ operating parameters and the separation efficiency of the compound hydrocyclone. Under experimental conditions, the appropriate structural parameters optimized are as follows： The rotating grid is of the straight board type, 3 straight vanes with a length of above 95 ram; the diameter of the overflow vent ranges 3-12 ram; the separation efficiency is better when the large conical angle of the static vortex body is about 20° and the small conical angle in the range of 1° -4° ： The separation effect is better under the following conditions： The rotary speed is 1,700-2,400 r/min; the disposal capacity is 5.5 m^3/h; the loss of working pressure is 0.05-0.25MPa; and the split ratio ranges 5%-15%. The experimental study provides a certain basis for the design andapplication of the compound hydrocyclone.展开更多
On the basis of analyzing the vortex characteristics, a new mechanism of the vortex formation in hydrocyclones is developed. The main concept of the mechanism is that the vortex flow in a hydrocyclone is resulted from...On the basis of analyzing the vortex characteristics, a new mechanism of the vortex formation in hydrocyclones is developed. The main concept of the mechanism is that the vortex flow in a hydrocyclone is resulted from the overlapping of container rotation and hole leakage. The model is then used to explain the compound distribution of free vortex and forced vortex, predict the similarity of tangential velocity at different input pressures, and make count of the principle of small hydrocyclone with lower cut size than large one. Meanwhile a new possible approach to a large hydro cyclone with lower cut size by minimizing or eliminating the air core is discussed briefly.展开更多
Kaolinitic sandstone samples of Lower Cretaceous from Wadi Siq-Rakyia area in Wadi Araba/south of Jordan were studied and assessed as a source of Kaolin. Three channel samples and a composite bulk sample were studied ...Kaolinitic sandstone samples of Lower Cretaceous from Wadi Siq-Rakyia area in Wadi Araba/south of Jordan were studied and assessed as a source of Kaolin. Three channel samples and a composite bulk sample were studied for their mineralogical, geochemical, and grain size distribution analysis. The aim of this research work was to achieve kaolin concentration by examining the best-suited and cost-effective processing method(s) with appropriate product recovery. Following the initial sample characterisation at “bench scale”, a pilot study was performed on the bulk sandstone sample. Kaolin was accumulated in the fine size fraction (<span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>125 μm) after agitating and wet screening of the sample. The <span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>125 μm size fraction sample was used to produce kaolin concentrate. Hydrocyclone classification was applied in the pilot study for this purpose. The mass flowrate of the feeds and the products in the hydrocyclones was calculated for the bulk sample as well as the amount of water required operating the process. A kaolin-enriched product was produced following the use of hydrocyclones. A kaolin concentrate at a grade of 71% and a recovery of 78% was produced which could be used in the ceramic industry for tableware and sanitaryware.展开更多
Environmental agencies do not allow effluents, from the petroleum productions, which contain oil concentrations that exceed the amounts permitted by the regulations. In recent time heavy oil operating petroleum indust...Environmental agencies do not allow effluents, from the petroleum productions, which contain oil concentrations that exceed the amounts permitted by the regulations. In recent time heavy oil operating petroleum industries are generating oil/water mixture by products, which are difficult to separate. Industrially, hydrocyclone is generally used to separate oil from an oil/water mixture. This is due to its high performance of separation, low cost of installation and maintenance. In the present work, therefore, the thermal fluid dynamics of water/ultra-viscous heavy oil separation process in a hydrocyclone has been studied. A steady state mathematical model which simulates the performance of a non-isothermal separation process is presented. The Eulerian-Eulerian approach for the interface of the phases involved (water/ultra-viscous heavy-oil) is used and the two-phase flow is considered as incompressible, viscous and turbulent. For carrying out numerical solutions of the governing equations the CFX11? commercial code was used. Results of the behavior of the two-fluid flow inside the hydrocyclone and separation efficiency are presented and analyzed. The role of the average temperature of the fluid, oil droplet diameter and the fluid mixture inlet velocity on the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone are verified.展开更多
An eddy deep leaching technology was developed in this paper to address the challenge of treating heavy metal contaminants in industrial mining areas.The desorption effect of As,Cd,Sb and Pb was investigated utilizing...An eddy deep leaching technology was developed in this paper to address the challenge of treating heavy metal contaminants in industrial mining areas.The desorption effect of As,Cd,Sb and Pb was investigated utilizing chemical leaching and physical eddy techniques.It was found that the heavy metals concentration increased with decreasing particle size.The highest proportion of Cd in the form distribution of soil was in the bound to iron and manganese oxides,while the maximum proportion of As,Sb and Pb were in the residual.The optimal solid-liquid ratio of the hydrocyclone was 1:20,and the corresponding separation efficiency and flow rate were 84.7%and 1.76 m^(3)/hr,respectively.The grade efficiency of soil particle separation increases with particle size and exceeds 99%for particles above 1,000μm.Leaching experiments have revealed that oxalic acid(OA)and a combination of oxalic acid and EDTA(OAPE)were more efficient than citric acid(CA)and a combination of citric acid and EDTA(CAPE)for the desorption of heavy metals,respectively.The comparison of OAPE and eddy leaching found that the latter improved the desorption efficiency by 9.4%,7.5%,7.2%and 7.8%for As,Cd,Sb and Pb compared to the former,respectively.The results demonstrated that the eddy leaching technique could further enhance the desorption efficiency of heavy metals.It is expected to provide technical support for soil remediation with reduced usage of leaching agents.展开更多
基金“Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz fur Innovation,Mainz,Germany,”for financial support
文摘The velocity profiles and separation efficiency curves of a hydrocyclone were predicted by an Euler-Euler approach using a computational fluid dynamics tool ANSYS-CFX 14.5. The Euler-Euler approach is capable of considering the particle-particle interactions and is appropriate for highly laden liquid-solid mixtures. Pre- dicted results were compared and validated with experi- mental results and showed a considerably good agreement. An increase in the particle cut size with increasing solid concentration of the inlet mixture flow was observed and discussed. In addition to this, the erosion on hydrocyclone walls constructed from stainless steel 410, eroded by sand particles （mainly SiOz）, was predicted with the Euler-La- grange approach. In this approach, the abrasive solid particles were traced in a Lagrangian reference frame as discrete particles. The increases in the input flow velocity, solid concentration, and the particle size have increased the erosion at the upper part of the cylindrical body of the hydrocyclone, where the tangential inlet flow enters the hydrocyclone. The erosion density in the area between the cylindrical to conical body area, in comparison to other parts of the hydrocyclone, also increased considerably. Moreover, it was observed that an increase in the particle shape factor from 0.1 to 1.0 leads to a decrease of almost 70 % in the average erosion density of the hydrocyclone wall surfaces.
基金the NSTDA University Industry Research Collaboration(NUI-RC)Thailand for supporting the funding in the research。
文摘Hydrocyclones are mechanical devices used in classifying and separating many different types of materials.A classification function of the hydrocyclone has been continually developed for solid–liquid separation.In the classification process of solids from liquids,it is desirable to reduce the amount of misplaced material;therefore,the separation sharpness,α(alpha),is a parameter that helps in evaluating misplaced material and has been developed as a model to help the designer predict the performance of the classification.However,the problem with the separation sharpness model is that it cannot be used outside the range of conditions under which it was developed.Therefore,this research aimed to develop the separation sharpness model to predict more accurately and cover a wide range of conditions using the multiple linear regression method.The new regression model of separation sharpness was based on a wide range of both experimental and industrial data-sets of 431 tests collaborating with the additional experiments of 117 tests that were obtained from a total of 548 tests.The new model of separation sharpness can be used in the range of 30–762 mm hydrocyclone body diameters and feed solid concentrations in the range of 0.5 wt%–80 wt%.When compared with the experimental separation sharpness,the accuracy of the separation sharpness model prediction has an error of 4.53%and^of 0.973.
文摘Three-dimensional simulation of a multiphase flow is performed using the EulerianEulerian finite volume method in order to evaluate the separation efficiency and velocity field of deoiling hydrocyclones.The solution is developed using a mass conservation-based algorithm（MCBA） with collocated grid arrangement.The mixture approach of the Reynolds stress model is also employed in order to capture features of turbulent multiphase swirling flow.The velocity field and separation efficiency of two different configurations of deoiling hydrocyclones are compared with available experimental data.The comparison shows that the separation efficiency can be predicted with high accuracy using computational fluid dynamics.The velocity fields are also in good agreement with available experimental velocity measurements.Special attention is drawn to swirl intensity in deoiling hydrocyclones and it is shown that the differences in velocity and volume fraction fields of different configurations are related to swirl distribution.
文摘The flow fields inside conventional and rotary hydrocyclones were simulated respectively. In these simulations, water only and oil-water mixture, with distinctly different viscosities, were used as continuous phases. Simulation results agreed well with the experimental measurements. Simulation results showed that the conventional hydrocyclone could effectively separate sand from water, but could not separate sand from high viscosity water/oil emulsion. This showed that the viscosity of continuous phases influenced greatly both the separation efficiency and the flow field distribution in the conventional hydrocyclone. For high viscosity oil/water sand dispersion （mixture）, the rotary hydrocyclone has better separation performance than the conventional one, with a more favorable flow field distribution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21808234,21878318)the DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL201902)+3 种基金“Transformational Technologies for Clean Energy and Demonstration”, Strategic Priority Research Program of the CAS(XDA21060400)QIBEBT and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy of the CAS(QIBEBT ZZBS201803,QIBEBT I201907)CAS Key Technology Talent ProgramProject of CNPC-DICP Joint Research Center。
文摘A new developed external loop airlift slurry reactor, which was integrated with gas–liquid–solid three-phase mixing, mass transfer, and liquid–solid separation simultaneously, was deemed to be a promising slurry reactor due to its prominent advantages such as achieving continuous separation of clear liquid from slurry and cyclic utilization of solid particles without any extra energy, energy-saving, and intrinsic safety design. The principal operating parameters, including gas separator volume, handling capacity, and superficial gas velocity, are systematically investigated here to promote the capabilities of mixing, mass transfer, and yield in the pilot external loop airlift slurry reactor. The influences of top clearance and throughput of the clear liquid on flow regime and gas holdup in the riser, liquid circulating velocity, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient with a typical high solid holdup and free of particles are examined experimentally. It was found that increasing the gas separator volume could promote the liquid circulating velocity by about 14.0% at most. Increasing the handling capacity of the clear liquid from 0.9 m3·h-1 to 3.0 m3·h-1 not only could increase the output without any adverse consequences, but also could enhance the liquid circulating velocity as much as 97.3%. Typical operating conditions investigated here can provide some necessary data and guidelines for this new external loop airlift slurry reactor to upgrade its performances.
文摘Three different inlets of hydrocyclone are studied in combination with the construction of a dowrahole system and hydrocyclone. By comparing the relationship between the inlet structure ＆ dimensional parameter of hydrocyclone and separation efficiency ＆ pressure loss, the highest efficiency is obtained from the inlet of an involute curve with increasing depth-width ratio from the three types, in which the separation efficiency and pressure loss all drops slowly, for the length of the channel decreases, while it drops rapidly in the other two. The flow guiding ability of the inlet affects the separation efficiency greatly, so the corresponding involute type of inlet of hydrocyclone fits for downhole oil-water separation is optimized, which serves as a basis for the structural design of downhole hydrocyclone.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2014CFB794)the Young Fund of Wuhan Institute of Technology(No.Q201405)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province for International Cooperation and Innovation(Nos.2017JJ4035 and 2016WK2049)
文摘The pre-treatment of zinc oxide bearing ores with high slime content is important to ensure that resources are utilized optimally. This paper reports an improved process using hydrocyclone de-sliming, dispersion reagents, and magnetic removal of iron minerals for the pre-treatment of zinc oxide ore with a high slime and iron content, and the benefits compared to traditional technologies are shown. In addition, this paper investigates the damage related to fine slime and iron during zinc oxide flotation, the necessity of using hydrocyclone de-sliming together with dispersion reagents to alleviate the influence of slime, and interactions among hydrocyclone de-sliming, reagent dispersion, and magnetic iron removal. Results show that under optimized operating conditions the entire beneficiation technology results in a flotation concentrate with a Zn grade of 34.66% and a recovery of 73.41%.
文摘Bentonites consisting mainly of montmorillonite are widely utilized in various applications. However, natural bentonites contain many kinds of impurities such as quartz, cristobalite, feldspar, zeolite, calcite etc., which can decrease the performance of bentonite. Furthermore, quartz and cristobalite are carcinogenic. Therefore purification of bentonite is critical to its applications. Among the impurities in bentonite, cristobalite is the most difficult one to get rid of because of its tiny particle size and aggregation state.
文摘The article deals with modeling the tailing ponds influence on water resources. New technology using hydrocyclons of new design has been offered for additional purification of gold dressing mill wastewater. Laboratory and plant test have determined the optimal parameters of hydrocyclon. Introduction of new technology into system of water supply will prevent environment pollution and make it possible to process recoverable resources.
文摘A compound hydrocyclone is a new strategy for oil-water separation. It is based on the study of static and dynamic hydrocyclones. In this paper are introduced its geometric traits and separation mechanism. Experiments are carried out about the relationship between geometric parameters ＆ operating parameters and the separation efficiency of the compound hydrocyclone. Under experimental conditions, the appropriate structural parameters optimized are as follows： The rotating grid is of the straight board type, 3 straight vanes with a length of above 95 ram; the diameter of the overflow vent ranges 3-12 ram; the separation efficiency is better when the large conical angle of the static vortex body is about 20° and the small conical angle in the range of 1° -4° ： The separation effect is better under the following conditions： The rotary speed is 1,700-2,400 r/min; the disposal capacity is 5.5 m^3/h; the loss of working pressure is 0.05-0.25MPa; and the split ratio ranges 5%-15%. The experimental study provides a certain basis for the design andapplication of the compound hydrocyclone.
文摘On the basis of analyzing the vortex characteristics, a new mechanism of the vortex formation in hydrocyclones is developed. The main concept of the mechanism is that the vortex flow in a hydrocyclone is resulted from the overlapping of container rotation and hole leakage. The model is then used to explain the compound distribution of free vortex and forced vortex, predict the similarity of tangential velocity at different input pressures, and make count of the principle of small hydrocyclone with lower cut size than large one. Meanwhile a new possible approach to a large hydro cyclone with lower cut size by minimizing or eliminating the air core is discussed briefly.
文摘Kaolinitic sandstone samples of Lower Cretaceous from Wadi Siq-Rakyia area in Wadi Araba/south of Jordan were studied and assessed as a source of Kaolin. Three channel samples and a composite bulk sample were studied for their mineralogical, geochemical, and grain size distribution analysis. The aim of this research work was to achieve kaolin concentration by examining the best-suited and cost-effective processing method(s) with appropriate product recovery. Following the initial sample characterisation at “bench scale”, a pilot study was performed on the bulk sandstone sample. Kaolin was accumulated in the fine size fraction (<span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>125 μm) after agitating and wet screening of the sample. The <span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>125 μm size fraction sample was used to produce kaolin concentrate. Hydrocyclone classification was applied in the pilot study for this purpose. The mass flowrate of the feeds and the products in the hydrocyclones was calculated for the bulk sample as well as the amount of water required operating the process. A kaolin-enriched product was produced following the use of hydrocyclones. A kaolin concentrate at a grade of 71% and a recovery of 78% was produced which could be used in the ceramic industry for tableware and sanitaryware.
文摘Environmental agencies do not allow effluents, from the petroleum productions, which contain oil concentrations that exceed the amounts permitted by the regulations. In recent time heavy oil operating petroleum industries are generating oil/water mixture by products, which are difficult to separate. Industrially, hydrocyclone is generally used to separate oil from an oil/water mixture. This is due to its high performance of separation, low cost of installation and maintenance. In the present work, therefore, the thermal fluid dynamics of water/ultra-viscous heavy oil separation process in a hydrocyclone has been studied. A steady state mathematical model which simulates the performance of a non-isothermal separation process is presented. The Eulerian-Eulerian approach for the interface of the phases involved (water/ultra-viscous heavy-oil) is used and the two-phase flow is considered as incompressible, viscous and turbulent. For carrying out numerical solutions of the governing equations the CFX11? commercial code was used. Results of the behavior of the two-fluid flow inside the hydrocyclone and separation efficiency are presented and analyzed. The role of the average temperature of the fluid, oil droplet diameter and the fluid mixture inlet velocity on the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone are verified.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52025103)。
文摘An eddy deep leaching technology was developed in this paper to address the challenge of treating heavy metal contaminants in industrial mining areas.The desorption effect of As,Cd,Sb and Pb was investigated utilizing chemical leaching and physical eddy techniques.It was found that the heavy metals concentration increased with decreasing particle size.The highest proportion of Cd in the form distribution of soil was in the bound to iron and manganese oxides,while the maximum proportion of As,Sb and Pb were in the residual.The optimal solid-liquid ratio of the hydrocyclone was 1:20,and the corresponding separation efficiency and flow rate were 84.7%and 1.76 m^(3)/hr,respectively.The grade efficiency of soil particle separation increases with particle size and exceeds 99%for particles above 1,000μm.Leaching experiments have revealed that oxalic acid(OA)and a combination of oxalic acid and EDTA(OAPE)were more efficient than citric acid(CA)and a combination of citric acid and EDTA(CAPE)for the desorption of heavy metals,respectively.The comparison of OAPE and eddy leaching found that the latter improved the desorption efficiency by 9.4%,7.5%,7.2%and 7.8%for As,Cd,Sb and Pb compared to the former,respectively.The results demonstrated that the eddy leaching technique could further enhance the desorption efficiency of heavy metals.It is expected to provide technical support for soil remediation with reduced usage of leaching agents.
