Evaluation of the treatment effect of rear slope cutting on hydrodynamic pressure landslides:A case study

After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir,some huge ancient landslides were reactivated and deformed,showing typical hydrodynamic pressure landslide characteristics.The Baishuihe landslide was a typical hydrodynamic pressure landslide.The management department conducted slope cutting treatments from 2018 to 2019.To evaluate the treatment effect of rear slope cutting,this study analyzed the data of the surface deformation survey and field monitoring over the past 20 years and the characteristics of the reservoir water-triggered Baishuihe landslide deformation,and calculated the seepage field,displacement field,and stability coefficient before and after landslide treatment.The results showed that the deformation of the Baishuihe landslide was primarily related to a decrease in the reservoir water level.Owing to the poor permeability of the landslide soil,the decrease in the reservoir water level produced a seepage force pointing to the outside of the landslide body,leading to the step deformation of the landslide displacement.The landslide was treated by rear slope cutting,and the“step”deformation of the landslide disappeared after treatment.The hydrodynamic pressure caused by the change in reservoir water after cutting the slope did not disappear.However,as the slope cutting greatly reduced the overall sliding force of the landslide,its stability was greatly improved.Notably,high stability can still be ensured under extreme rainfall after treatment.Slope cutting is effective for treating hydrodynamic pressure landslides.This study can provide effective technical support for the treatment of reservoir landslides.

Application of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)for the Simulation of Flow-Like Landslides on 3D Terrains

Flow-type landslide is one type of landslide that generally exhibits characteristics of high flow velocities,long jump distances,and poor predictability.Simulation of its propagation process can provide solutions for risk assessment and mitigation design.The smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method has been successfully applied to the simulation of two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)flow-like landslides.However,the influence of boundary resistance on the whole process of landslide failure is rarely discussed.In this study,a boundary condition considering friction is proposed and integrated into the SPH method,and its accuracy is verified.Moreover,the Navier-Stokes equation combined with the non-Newtonian fluid rheologymodel was utilized to solve the dynamic behavior of the flow-like landslide.To verify its performance,the Shuicheng landslide event,which occurred in Guizhou,China,was taken as a case study.In the 2D simulation,a sensitivity analysis was conducted,and the results showed that the shearing strength parameters have more influence on the computation accuracy than the coefficient of viscosity.Afterwards,the dynamic characteristics of the landslide,such as the velocity and the impact area,were analyzed in the 3D simulation.The simulation results are in good agreement with the field investigations.The simulation results demonstrate that the SPH method performs well in reproducing the landslide process,and facilitates the analysis of landslide characteristics as well as the affected areas,which provides a scientific basis for conducting the risk assessment and disaster mitigation design.

Physical Prediction Model of Compound Hydrodynamic Unload-Load Response Ratio and Its Application in Reservoir Colluvium Landslide

It is well known that the deformation and damage of reservoir colluvium landslides are often determined by the combined dynamics of reservoir water level change and rainfall.Based on the systematic analysis of the change law of reservoir water level,rainfall and displacements of reservoir colluvium landslide,this paper proposes the compound hydrodynamic action of rainfall and reservoir water as the unload-load parameter,and the landslide displacement as the unload-load response parameter.Based on this,a physical prediction model of the compound hydrodynamic unload-load response ratio of reservoir colluvium landslide was established,and the quantitative relationship between the compound hydrodynamic unload-load response ratio and its stability evolution was in-depth analyzed and determined.On the basis of the above research,taking Shuping landslide,a typical hydrodynamic pressure landslide as an example,the unload-load response ratio model is used to systematically evaluate and predict the stability evolution law and the change trend of the landslide under compound hydrodynamic action.The prediction result shows that the variation law of the compound hydrodynamic unload-load response ratio is consistent with the dynamic evolution law of its stability.Therefore,the above studies show that the compound hydrodynamic unload-load response ratio parameter is an effective displacement dynamic evaluation parameter for reservoir colluvium landslides,so it can be used in the prediction of the reservoir colluvium landslides.

A Comparison of Conventional and Shear-Rate Dependent Mohr-Coulomb Models for Simulating Landslides

Landslides may cause many fatalities and heavy economic losses,so it is vital to understand their mechanics so as to take appropriate measures to mitigate their risk.Phenomenally,the loose soil behaves like frictional material in most circumstances,so Mohr-Coulomb type equations are often used to describe their movement.However,these models generally do not consider the influence of the shearrate on the Mohr-Coulomb friction angle,so the shear-rate dependence effect on the soil flow and landslide runout is not well understood.This paper reports on an application of the incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH) method to the dynamics of dry granular assemblies.The traditional model with a constant friction angle is compared with the modified Mohr-Coulomb model with a variable friction angle related to the shear-rate.It is found that the shear-rate dependence effect is negligible for shallow granular flows along mild slopes.With steeper slopes of the ground and larger aspect ratios of the initial soil column,the rate-dependence effect becomes more important.

Spatial variability effect of internal friction angle on the post-failure behavior of landslides using a random and non-Newtonian fluid based SPH method

This study proposed a random Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method for analyzing the post-failure behavior of landslides,which is based on the Karhunen-Loeve(K-L) expansion,the non-Newtonian fluid model,and the OpenMP parallel framework.Then,the applicability of this method was validated by comparing the generated random field with theoretical result and by simulating the post-failure process of an actual landslide.Thereafter,an illustrative landslide example was created and simulated to obtain the spatial variability effect of internal friction angle on the post-failure behavior of landslides under different coefficients of variation(COVs) and correlation lengths(CLs).As a conclusion,the reinforcement with materials of a larger friction angle can reduce the runout distance and impact the force of a landslide.As the increase of COV,the distribution range of influence zones also increases,which indicates that the deviation of influence zones becomes large.In addition,the correlation length in Monte Carlo simulations should not be too small,otherwise the variation range of influence zones will be underestimated.

基于GIS与Scoops 3D的水动力型滑坡区域稳定性分析

库岸边坡在库水位变动、降雨等水动力因素的作用下易发生水动力型滑坡,进而威胁库区居民生命及财产安全。以某流域HD和DHQ库段为主要研究区段,在对已有滑坡点进行地质调查和遥感解译的基础上,将ArcGIS的空间分析与三维斜坡稳定性分析模型(Scoops 3D)相结合,对研究区段的潜在滑面进行系统的三维搜索及识别,并基于GIS数据与室内试验等确定计算参数,对天然和暴雨两种工况下的区域滑坡稳定性进行评价比较。结果表明:(1)研究区历史滑坡点分布与基础地质环境、岩土体强度指标参数有很强的相关性;(2)天然工况下,非稳定区主要分布在DHQ坝区、迤场、DH坝址、拉巴铁、宝塔河以及甸尾附近;(3)暴雨工况下,非稳定区面积较天然工况有显著的增大,DHQ坝址、营盘镇、甸尾、HD坝址附近有较为密集的分布;(4)暴雨工况下模型计算的非稳定区与历史滑坡点的分布特征基本一致。由此可见,三维斜坡稳定性分析模型可以较为准确模拟不同工况下滑坡稳定性,且易发程度区分明显,稳定性评价结果在一定程度上反映了研究区段的稳定性时空分布。

颗粒流运动SPH方法及滑坡破碎效应研究

山体滑坡是全球范围内多发的一种地质灾害。由于滑坡具有突发性和破坏性强的特点,建立有效的数值分析模型将有助于制定针对性的防治策略。本文针对滑坡运动过程中表现出的颗粒流特性,基于μ(I)模型提出了针对浅层滑坡的动态摩擦系数表达式,并构建了对应的光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法求解框架。考虑到颗粒破碎对滑坡运动性的显著影响,结合基于破坏势能的颗粒破碎法则,建立μ(I)模型中基底摩擦力与颗粒分布之间的关系。通过两个经典的三维斜面模型试验,验证了μ(I)模型在滑坡运动分析中的应用价值,并进行了颗粒破碎效应参数敏感性分析,为后续滑坡灾害的防治工作提供参考。

四川甘洛县比依市村滑坡运动特征分析

四川甘洛县比依市村受连续强降雨影响下形成滑坡灾害,造成大量财产损失。文章以该滑坡为例,通过工程地质条件探究了比依市村滑坡产生的原因,采用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法对滑坡全过程进行真三维数值模拟,对滑坡关键位置进行位移、速度监测,结果表明:(1)不良地质和长历时、高强度的持续降雨是滑坡的主要诱发因素;(2)SPH方法得到的位移、速度等运动特征参数与实际勘察效果基本一致,具有较好的可靠性;(3)该滑坡是由于滑坡后缘推动滑坡中部导致整体下错,前缘受阻形成鼓胀区,最终破坏模式表现为推移式破坏;(4)比依市村滑坡仍处于蠕变阶段,利用SPH模拟大变形的优势可以为此类灾害的机理研究和工程防治提供新的研究思路。

滑坡涌浪作用下弧形闸门动力响应数值分析

库岸滑坡是一种常见的地质灾害,滑坡体入库后诱发的涌浪可能会严重威胁库区内闸门结构稳定性。针对弧形钢闸门在滑坡涌浪作用下的动力响应问题,以某深孔弧形工作闸门为例,通过自编有限元程序模拟滑坡涌浪过程,将计算出的涌浪动水压力转化为闸门的节点荷载,基于动力时程法得到闸门动力响应,并结合闸门静力计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明,在滑坡涌浪作用下,主梁后翼缘和竖梁后翼缘的应力响应最大,闸门各个构件中支臂的位移响应最大;相比于正常蓄水位时的滑坡涌浪,死水位时的滑坡涌浪对闸门结构应力和位移响应的影响更大。

黏聚力随机场波动范围的各向异性对流态性滑坡滑动距离的影响

流态性滑坡的大变形运动过程受到诸多因素的影响,其中一个重要因素便是岩土体的强度参数。由于现场测试和室内试验的局限性,强度参数往往呈现出明显的空间变异性,同时在不同方向上具有不同的波动范围,即随机场波动范围具有各向异性。针对黏聚力随机场波动范围的各向异性对流态性滑坡滑动距离的影响问题,引入基于乔列斯基分解的中心点法实现了各向异性随机场的离散,采用摩尔-库仑破坏准则和非牛顿流体模型相结合的光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particl ehydrodynamtcs,SPH)分析方法模拟了流态性滑坡的滑动距离,在蒙特卡洛模拟框架上提出了流态性滑坡的随机分析方法。然后,通过羊宝地滑坡和水平地层模型的模拟,验证了流态性滑坡确定性分析方法和随机场离散方法的适用性。最后,根据汶川地震中王家岩滑坡的地形资料构建了概念性的滑坡分析算例,讨论了黏聚力随机场中各向异性波动范围影响下滑坡运动过程的变化,分析了滑动距离的概率分布规律。结果表明:竖直波动范围的增加会增大滑坡滑动距离的分布范围,使其表现出更强的离散性;在黏聚力参数符合对数正态分布的前提下,滑动距离的分布也符合对数正态分布,说明流态性滑坡滑动距离的概率分布与强度参数的不确定性具有一定的联系。

滑坡涌浪作用下某电站事故闸门动力响应分析

滑坡涌浪可能造成闸门大变形和失稳,研究某电站进水口事故闸门在滑坡涌浪动水压力作用下的动力响应问题对电站安全生产具有重要意义。采用自编程序模拟了不同工况下库区滑坡涌浪过程,将滑坡涌浪数值动水压力转化为施加在平板钢闸门有限元模型上的节点荷载,利用动力时程方法得到了闸门在滑坡涌浪作用下的动力响应,依据规范对闸门的动力响应做出评价。结果表明:闸门在正常蓄水位下受滑坡涌浪动水压力作用位移和应力响应值最大,在死水位下受滑坡涌浪动水压力作用闸门的动力响应影响更为明显;闸门在正常蓄水位下受滑坡涌浪动水压力作用的位移响应最大值为9.27 mm,Mises应力最大值为192.06 MPa;各个构件动应力水平较低,满足规范要求,在滑坡涌浪动水压力作用下可安全运行。

RS堆积体滑坡涌浪特征数值模拟研究

库区滑坡涌浪是滑坡产生的次生灾害,严重威胁库区工程安全及大坝稳定运行.澜沧江RM水电站RS堆积体方量巨大,且位于近坝区,开展RMRS堆积体滑坡涌浪特征研究对大坝工程安全设计和施工至关重要.本文建立RS堆积体滑坡涌浪远近场计算模型,基于光滑粒子流体动力学方法及浅水方程,研究RM工程正常蓄水位2895m情况下RS堆积体滑动产生的涌浪特征,并与经验公式法进行对比.研究表明:分析所采用的数值模拟方法在研究滑坡涌浪中具有优势,该方法可准确模拟滑坡体入水产生的非线性流固耦合过程,准确捕捉涌浪传播过程中受到复杂地形影响以及爬升过程中的地形相关性.研究结果可为评估RMRS堆积体滑坡涌浪对工程安全的影响提供参考.

水电站滑坡诱发冲击波水动力特性的数值研究

为进一步深入了解水电站滑坡诱发冲击波水动力特性,文章通过FLOW3D模拟软件研究冲击波的水动力特性,利用模型实验进一步研究横向及纵向冲击波的变化。试验结果表明,随着场地距离增加,冲击波高度逐渐减少,最小冲击波高度仅为1.1cm。监测时间为4s时,冲击波高度数值基本为负值。在场地位置y=-10、0、10cm的位置内,冲击波高度均为正值,而y=20、30cm位置内,冲击波高度在4s后的冲击波高度均为负值,最小冲击波高度为-0.4cm。

SPH-DEM流固耦合方法模拟金沙江白格滑坡应用研究

从力学本质来讲,滑坡属于滑坡动力学和水动力学复杂流固耦合问题。采用离散元方法(DEM)模拟滑坡体大变形、不连续问题,以光滑粒子流方法(SPH)模拟水体的流体动力学特性,充分利用不同数值计算方法的特点,构建SPH-DEM流固耦合算法,并应用于2018年10月10日西藏白格滑坡堵江的灾害模拟中。结果显示计算模型能较为准确地捕捉滑坡碎屑体入江激起水砂射流的规模以及范围,再现主堆积区向次堆积区产生二次滑移的动力过程,完整刻画堆积体的厚度、几何形态和断面特征。仿真结果有助于进一步深化对高速高位滑坡产生堵江过程和机理的认识,为后续进行抢险施工组织设计,制定防灾减灾策略提供参考。

降雨与库水作用下谭家河滑坡变形响应规律分析

三峡库区谭家河滑坡坡体结构特殊,形成机理复杂,自2006年12月开始监测以来,至今仍持续着位移变形。在分析谭家河滑坡变形特征(2015~2020年)的基础上,把GPS人工和GPS全自动监测数据精细划分为多个阶段,采用定性与定量相结合的方法对库水位、降雨量数据进行分析与处理,并结合地下水位监测数据,对滑坡变形响应规律进行总结归纳,揭示滑坡诱发因素与诱发机制。结果表明:①谭家河滑坡累积位移呈稳定-阶跃的增长趋势,在自重、库水位波动以及大气降雨等因素的共同作用下,滑坡促滑段不断挤压阻滑段发生推移式蠕动变形。库水位升降是滑坡变形的直接因素,降雨对滑坡变形起促进作用,汛期连续2个月月降雨量达到160 mm以上,会极大促进滑坡变形。②库水位从175.00 m低速下降至160.00 m的过程中,库水的浮托减重、浸泡软化效应使坡体变形保持低速增长;库水位从160.00 m快速下降至145.00 m的过程中,库水位下降速率越大,形成的指向坡外动水压力越大,导致坡体变形更加明显。③低水位运行阶段,由于库水位快速下降对滑坡变形有一定滞后效应,使坡体在库水位两次145.00 m低水位运行期间仍持续变形,且第一次低水位运行期间比第二次变形更强。④库水位从145.00 m快速上升至175.00 m的过程中,在降雨强度较弱的情况下,库水位上升有利于坡体稳定,但当库区遭遇持续性降雨作用时,会降低坡体稳定性,库水对坡体阻滑段产生的浮托减重效应显著,导致坡体变形加剧。研究成果可为三峡库区涉水型滑坡诱发机制分析、监测预警预报研究、应急抢险处置等提供参考。

库水位变动下库岸滑坡变形失稳机制离心模型试验

为研究滑坡在库水位变动下的变形演化机制,以车邑坪滑坡为原型,建立了1∶70滑坡概化模型,设计了一套库水位升降系统,开展了一次水位抬升及两次不同速率水位连续骤降的离心模型试验。研究结果表明:水位抬升阶段滑坡变形不明显;当水位首次骤降时,滑坡前缘拉裂缝迅速发展贯通形成断裂带,随后断裂带下错滑塌,中后部产生张拉裂缝;当水位二次骤降时,滑坡沿原断裂带继续下滑,但滑动程度明显减弱,中后部竖向压密行为导致裂缝扩展趋稳。水位抬升阶段孔压滞后性明显,随后各阶段逐渐减弱,前缘滑体土压各阶段变幅剧烈,而中后部在首次骤降时最剧烈。总体上来看,导致滑坡失稳的水位骤降速率区间为0.7~1.5 m/d,滑坡深部动水压力效应较浅层强烈,滑坡变形受库水位首次骤降影响强于二次骤降,变形破坏呈现由前缘到后部逐渐减弱的牵引式特征,各阶段依次呈现初始变形、加速变形及减速变形特征。

基于离心模型试验的水动力型滑坡失稳机制研究

水动力型滑坡是中国西南高坝大库库区常见的滑坡类型,是影响库区安全的重要因素。为厘清库水位下降和降雨两种作用在水动力型滑坡变形中的主次关系,及此类滑坡变形失稳机理,以云南黄登水电站库区车邑坪滑坡为研究对象,设计了一套试验系统,利用大型土工离心机开展不同方案下大型滑坡离心模型试验,分析其变形失稳机制。结果表明:①库水位上升阶段,孔压的增长表现出一定的滞后性;库水位下降阶段,孔压消散速率小于库水位降落速率;降雨阶段,有裂缝的滑坡其孔压迅速增长。②库水位下降是导致车邑坪滑坡变形的主要因素,降雨为激发因素;库水位下降使滑坡产生指向坡体外的动水压力,致使滑坡失稳,产生裂缝;裂缝为降雨入渗提供了通道,加剧裂缝的发展。③车邑坪滑坡治理相对困难,建议对车邑坪小村进行搬迁处理,同时编制应急预案。

边坡临界滑动场软件改进及在滑坡稳定性评价中的应用

为增强边坡临界滑动场软件的适用性,考虑孔隙水压力及外水压力,在软件中增加水压力模块,使其适用于临水岸坡的稳定性分析。为验证软件的实用性,将其应用于三峡库区某动水压力型滑坡的稳定性评价,并与GeoStudio软件的计算结果、GEO-SLOPE软件的搜索结果进行比较。结果表明,增加水压力模块后的软件适用于水位变化过程中的岸坡稳定性分析,能够较好地自动搜索出地层复杂的滑坡临界滑动面,拓展边坡临界滑动场软件的工程应用范围。

降雨渗流作用下滑坡稳定性研究——以平塘县龙门滑坡为例

目前滑坡稳定性计算中,常采用不平衡推理传递法,但该方法未考虑动水压力对滑坡稳定性的影响,故存在一定局限性。基于此,文章引入地表径流公式,将其转化为地下渗流公式,与不平衡推理传递法相结合,推理得到在降雨渗流作用下的滑坡稳定性计算公式,并通过实例计算得出滑坡稳定性将随着降水量增加而降低的结论。

库水位涨落与降雨联合作用下滑坡地下水动力场分析

合理确定降雨和库水位变动联合作用下滑坡地下水动力场是库岸滑坡稳定性评价的关键。以三峡库区白衣庵滑坡为例,通过对多年降雨资料的概率分析和多种库水位调控的方案选择,建立了相应的降雨分析模型和库水位调控模型。在野外调查的基础上,确定了滑坡区的水文地质模型。将 3 个模型结合起来,提出了一种考虑降雨与库水位逐日变化的库岸地下水非稳定渗流场的计算模式。并从危险原则出发,采用卡明斯基有限差分方法对白衣庵滑坡进行了多种工况下的地下水位计算,从而确定了最危险地下水位及其发生概率。