The successful development of hydrogen-energy technologies has several advantages and benefits.Hydrogen-energy development could prevent global warming as well as ensure energy security for countries without adequate ...The successful development of hydrogen-energy technologies has several advantages and benefits.Hydrogen-energy development could prevent global warming as well as ensure energy security for countries without adequate energy resources.The successful development of hydrogen would provide energy for transportation and electric power.It is a unique energy carrier,as it can be produced from various energy sources such as wind,fossil fuels and biomass and,when it is combusted,it emits no CO_(2)emissions.The other advantage is the wide distribution of resources globally that can be used to produce hydrogen.In Japan,the Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry(METI)published a‘Strategic Roadmap for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells’in 2014,with a revised update published in March 2016.The goal of the roadmap is to achieve a hydrogen society.The roadmap aims to resolve technical problems and secure economic efficiency.The roadmap has been organized into the following three phases:Phase 1-Installation of fuel cells;Phase 2-Hydrogen power plant/mass supply chain;Phase 3-CO_(2)-free hydrogen.This paper reports on the current status of fuel cells and fuel-cell vehicles in Japan and gives a description and status of the R&D programmes along with the results of global energy model study towards 2050.展开更多
To limit global warming and mitigate climate change,the global economy needs to decarbonize and reduce emissions to net-zero by mid-century.The asymmetries of the global energy system necessitate the deployment of a s...To limit global warming and mitigate climate change,the global economy needs to decarbonize and reduce emissions to net-zero by mid-century.The asymmetries of the global energy system necessitate the deployment of a suite of decarbonization technologies and an all-of-the-above approach to deliver the steep CO_(2)-emissions reductions necessary.Carbon capture and storage(CCS)technologies that capture CO_(2) from industrial and power-plant point sources as well as the ambient air and store them underground are largely seen as needed to address both the flow of emissions being released and the stock of CO_(2) already in the atmosphere.Despite the pressing need to commercialize the technologies,their large-scale deployment has been slow.Initial deployment,however,could lead to near-term cost reduction and technology proliferation,and lowering of the overall system cost of decarbonization.As of November 2019,more than half of global large-scale CCS facilities are in the USA,thanks to a history of sustained government support for the technologies.Recently,the USA has seen a raft of new developments on the policy and project side signaling a reinvigorated push to commercialize the technology.Analysing these recent developments using a policy-priorities framework for CCS commercialization developed by the Global CCS Institute,the paper assesses the USA’s position to lead large-scale deployment of CCS technologies to commercialization.It concludes that the USA is in a prime position due to the political economic characteristics of its energy economy,resource wealth and innovation-driven manufacturing sector.展开更多
In 2018,an intergovernmental climate-change panel concluded that,to maintain a global temperature increases of<1.5℃,net-zero greenhouse-gas emissions would be required by 2050.Since then,>110 countries have ple...In 2018,an intergovernmental climate-change panel concluded that,to maintain a global temperature increases of<1.5℃,net-zero greenhouse-gas emissions would be required by 2050.Since then,>110 countries have pledged net-zero carbon ambitions by 2050 and hydrogen has been identified at national levels as key to achieving this.Governments have pledged>US$70 billion to further advance hydrogen infrastructure and technology,with an additional investigation on>200 proposed hydrogen-based projects expecting completion before 2030,totalling a value of US$300 billion.Reaching these aggressive targets will require a disciplined cohesion of collaborative strategies to develop an integrated macro infrastructure system.This article discusses the current infancy of the hydrogen market,introduces and defines a new‘collaborative emergent strategy’based on the emergent strategy concept by Mintzberg and Waters,and links its developmental viability through a staged micro-meso-macro architecture.Successful strategic business case studies and current market opportunities across multiple industries are reviewed as they all vie for a strategic early market position.展开更多
文摘The successful development of hydrogen-energy technologies has several advantages and benefits.Hydrogen-energy development could prevent global warming as well as ensure energy security for countries without adequate energy resources.The successful development of hydrogen would provide energy for transportation and electric power.It is a unique energy carrier,as it can be produced from various energy sources such as wind,fossil fuels and biomass and,when it is combusted,it emits no CO_(2)emissions.The other advantage is the wide distribution of resources globally that can be used to produce hydrogen.In Japan,the Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry(METI)published a‘Strategic Roadmap for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells’in 2014,with a revised update published in March 2016.The goal of the roadmap is to achieve a hydrogen society.The roadmap aims to resolve technical problems and secure economic efficiency.The roadmap has been organized into the following three phases:Phase 1-Installation of fuel cells;Phase 2-Hydrogen power plant/mass supply chain;Phase 3-CO_(2)-free hydrogen.This paper reports on the current status of fuel cells and fuel-cell vehicles in Japan and gives a description and status of the R&D programmes along with the results of global energy model study towards 2050.
文摘To limit global warming and mitigate climate change,the global economy needs to decarbonize and reduce emissions to net-zero by mid-century.The asymmetries of the global energy system necessitate the deployment of a suite of decarbonization technologies and an all-of-the-above approach to deliver the steep CO_(2)-emissions reductions necessary.Carbon capture and storage(CCS)technologies that capture CO_(2) from industrial and power-plant point sources as well as the ambient air and store them underground are largely seen as needed to address both the flow of emissions being released and the stock of CO_(2) already in the atmosphere.Despite the pressing need to commercialize the technologies,their large-scale deployment has been slow.Initial deployment,however,could lead to near-term cost reduction and technology proliferation,and lowering of the overall system cost of decarbonization.As of November 2019,more than half of global large-scale CCS facilities are in the USA,thanks to a history of sustained government support for the technologies.Recently,the USA has seen a raft of new developments on the policy and project side signaling a reinvigorated push to commercialize the technology.Analysing these recent developments using a policy-priorities framework for CCS commercialization developed by the Global CCS Institute,the paper assesses the USA’s position to lead large-scale deployment of CCS technologies to commercialization.It concludes that the USA is in a prime position due to the political economic characteristics of its energy economy,resource wealth and innovation-driven manufacturing sector.
文摘In 2018,an intergovernmental climate-change panel concluded that,to maintain a global temperature increases of<1.5℃,net-zero greenhouse-gas emissions would be required by 2050.Since then,>110 countries have pledged net-zero carbon ambitions by 2050 and hydrogen has been identified at national levels as key to achieving this.Governments have pledged>US$70 billion to further advance hydrogen infrastructure and technology,with an additional investigation on>200 proposed hydrogen-based projects expecting completion before 2030,totalling a value of US$300 billion.Reaching these aggressive targets will require a disciplined cohesion of collaborative strategies to develop an integrated macro infrastructure system.This article discusses the current infancy of the hydrogen market,introduces and defines a new‘collaborative emergent strategy’based on the emergent strategy concept by Mintzberg and Waters,and links its developmental viability through a staged micro-meso-macro architecture.Successful strategic business case studies and current market opportunities across multiple industries are reviewed as they all vie for a strategic early market position.
