Rare-earth and trace elements and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of Cretaceous kaolinitic sediments from the Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria: provenance and paleoclimatic significance

This study evaluated the Cretaceous(Campanian–Maastrichtian) kaolinitic sediments of the Ajali/Mamu and Enugu/Nkporo Formations from the Lower Benue Trough of Nigeria. A combined method of inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to investigate trace and rareearth element geochemistry and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions. These data were then used to infer the sediments' provenance and paleoclimatic conditions during their deposition. The sediments contained low concentrations of most trace elements, with the exceptions of Zr(651–1352 ppm), Ba(56–157 ppm), V(38–90 ppm),and Sr(15.1–59.6 ppm). Average values of Co and Ni were1.5 and 0.7 ppm, respectively. Trace and rare earth element values were lower than corresponding values for upper continental crust and Post-Archean Australian Shale, with the exception of Zr. The samples showed only slight light rare-earth enrichment and nearly flat heavy rare-earth depletion patterns, with negative Eu and Tm anomalies,typical of felsic sources. Geochemical parameters such as La/Sc, Th/Sc, and Th/Co ratios support that the kaolinitic sediments were derived from a felsic rock source, likely deposited in an oxic environment.^(18 )O values ranged from+ 15.4 to + 21.2% for the investigated samples, consistent with a residual material derived from chemicalweathering of felsic rock and redeposited in a sedimentary basin(typical values of + 19 to + 21.2%). While in the basin, the sediments experienced extended interactions with meteoric water enriched in d D and d16 O. However,the variation in d D and d16 O values for the investigated samples is attributed to the high temperature of formation(54–91 °C). The d D and d^(18 )O values suggest that the sediments, although obtained from different localities within the Lower Benue Trough, formed under similar hot,tropical climatic conditions.

Geochemistry and origins of hydrogen-containing natural gases in deep Songliao Basin,China:Insights from continental scientific drilling

The different reservoirs in deep Songliao Basin have non-homogeneous lithologies and include multiple layers with a high content of hydrogen gas.The gas composition and stable isotope characteristics vary significantly,but the origin analysis of different gas types has previously been weak.Based on the geochemical parameters of gas samples from different depths and the analysis of geological settings,this research covers the diverse origins of natural gas in different strata.The gas components are mainly methane with a small amount of C_(2+),and non-hydrocarbon gases,including nitrogen(N_(2)),hydrogen(H_(2)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and helium(He).At greater depth,the carbon isotope of methane becomes heavier,and the hydrogen isotope points to a lacustrine sedimentary environment.With increasing depth,the origins of N_(2)and CO_(2)change gradually from a mixture of organic and inorganic to inorganic.The origins of hydrogen gas are complex and include organic sources,water radiolysis,water-rock(Fe^(2+)-containing minerals)reactions,and mantle-derived.The shales of Denglouku and Shahezi Formations,as source rocks,provide the premise for generation and occurrence of organic gas.Furthermore,the deep faults and fluid activities in Basement Formation control the generation and migration of mantle-derived gas.The discovery of a high content of H_(2)in study area not only reveals the organic and inorganic association of natural-gas generation,but also provides a scientific basis for the exploration of deep hydrogen-rich gas.

Estimating distribution of water uptake with depth of winter wheat by hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes under different irrigation depths

Crop root system plays an important role in the water cycle of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. In this study, com- bined isotope techniques, root length density and root cell activity analysis were used to investigate the root water uptake mechanisms of winter wheat （Triticum aesfivum L.） under different irrigation depths in the North China Plain. Both direct inference approach and multisource linear mixing model were applied to estimate the distribution of water uptake with depth in six growing stages. Results showed that winter wheat under land surface irrigation treatment （Ts） mainly absorbed water from 10-20 cm soil layers in the wintering and green stages （66.9 and 72.0%, respectively）; 0-20 cm （57.0%） in the jointing stage; 0-40 （15.3%） and 80-180 cm （58.1%） in the heading stage; 60-80 （13.2%） and 180-220 cm （35.5%） in the filling stage; and 0-40 （46.8%） and 80-100 cm （31.0%） in the ripening stage. Winter wheat under whole soil layers irrigation treatment （Tw） absorbed more water from deep soil layer than Ts in heading, filling and ripening stages. Moreover, root cell activity and root length density of winter wheat under TW were significantly greater than that of Ts in the three stages. We concluded that distribution of water uptake with depth was affected by the availability of water sources, the root length density and root cell activity. Implementation of the whole soil layers irrigation method can affect root system distribution and thereby increase water use from deeper soil and enhance water use efficiency.

Variation of soil-plant-atmosphere continuum stable isotope and water source in Qinghai spruce forest of the eastern Qilian Mountains

Understanding the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope composition and characteristics of different water bodies in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is of significance for revealing regional hydrological processes and water cycle mechanisms.In this study,we analyzed the stable isotopic composition,relationship and indicative significance of precipitation,soil water(0~100 cm depth)and xylem water of Qinghai spruce(Picea crassifolia)forest in the eastern Qilian Mountains,and explored the circulation process among different water bodies.The results show that the stable isotopes of precipitation vary greatly during the entire observation period.The values ofδ2H andδ^(18)O in the precipitation in the warm season are richer than those in the cold season,and the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line(LMWL,δ2H=6.79δ18O+7.13)are both smaller than global meteoric water line(GMWL,δ2H=8.17δ18O+10.56).The stable isotopes of soil water at different depths underwent different degrees of evaporative fractionation,and theδ18O andδ2H of shallow soil water varied greatly,while the deep soil water tended to be similar.The topsoil(0~10 cm)can respond quickly to precipitation,and the response of the deep soil has a time lag.In the whole growing season,0~30 cm and 60~100 cm soil water are the main water sources of Qinghai spruce.The water source of Qinghai spruce was from all soil layers in May and September,mainly from the shallow soil layer(0~30 cm)in August and October,and mainly from the deep soil layer(60~100 cm)in June and July.

Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Surface-Sediment Carbonate in Bosten Lake (Xinjiang,China) and its Controlling Factors

Bosten Lake is a mid-latitude lake with water mainly supplied by melting ice and snow in the Tianshan Mountains. The depositional environment of the lake is spatially not uniform due to the proximity of the major inlet and the single outlet in the western part of the lake. The analytical results show that the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of recent lake sediments is related to this specific lacustrine depositional environment and to the resulting carbonate mineralogy. In the southwestern lake region between the Kaidu River inlet and the Kongqi River outlet, carbon isotope composition （δ^13C） values of the carbonate sediment （-1‰ to -2‰） have no relation to the oxygen isotope composition of the carbonate （δ^18O） values （-7‰ to -8‰）, with both isotopes showing a low variability. The carbonate content is low （〈20%）. Carbonate minerals analyzed by X-ray diffraction are mainly composed of calcite, while aragonite was not recorded. The salinity of the lake water is low in the estuary region as a result of the Kaidu River inflow. In comparison, the carbon and oxygen isotope values are higher in the middle and eastern parts of the lake, with δ^13C values between approximately ＋0.5‰ and ＋3‰, and δ^18O values between -1‰ and -5‰. There is a moderate correlation between the stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, with a coefficient of correlation r of approximately 0.63. This implies that the lake water has a relatively short residence time. Carbonate minerals constitute calcite and aragonite in the middle and eastern region of the lake. Aragonite and Mg-calcite are formed at higher lake water salinity and temperatures, and larger evaporation effects. More saline lake water in the middle and eastern region of the lake and the enhanced isotopic equilibrium between water and atmospheric CO2 cause the correlating carbon and oxygen isotope values determined for aragonite and Mg-calcite. Evaporation and biological processes are the main reasons for the salinity and carbonate mineralogy influence of the surface-sediment carbonate in Bosten Lake. The lake water residence time and the CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the water body control the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of the carbonate sediment. In addition, organic matter pollution and decomposition result in the abnormally low carbon isotope values of the lake surface-sediment carbonate.

Analysis of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in carbonate rocks by the laser micro-sampling technique

The analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in different carbonate rocks by the phosphoric acid method is not easier than that by the laser sampling method developed in recent years, which optically focuses laser beams with sufficient energy on a micro area of a thin section in a vacuum sample box via microscope. CO 2 produced by heating decomposition of carbonate was purified by the vacuum system, and the stable isotopic values of carbon and oxygen were calculated and analyzed on a mass spectrometer. This paper adopted the laser micro-sampling technique to analyze the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in dolomite, carbonate cement, stromatolite and different forms of dawsonite (donbassite). Results indicated that the laser micro-sampling method is effective in analyzing carbonate composition and could be a convincing proof for justification on carbonate composition analysis.

Isotopic evidence for the moisture origin and influencing factors at Urumqi Glacier No.1 in upstream Urumqi River Basin, eastern Tianshan Mountains

The stable isotope has been extensively applied as an effective tracer especially in precipitation. In glacierized area of arid northwest China, temperature is widely considered to be a major factor affecting isotopes in precipitation, while the influences of precipitation amount, relative humidity and other meteorological parameters are still not clear. Based on analyses on stable isotope values of water samples and NCEP/NCAR(National Centers of Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA) re-analysis data, the moisture source and characteristics of isotopes in the precipitation, meltwater and river water isotopes at Urumqi Glacier No.1 of the upstream Urumqi River Basin, eastern Tianshan Mountains from spring to autumn during four years(from 2008 to 2011) was studied. Results indicated that meltwater are the main source of water for the upper Urumqi River. Seasonal variation of δ18 O in precipitation demonstrated that δ18 O was more enriched in summer and depleted in spring and autumn. Temperature was positively correlated with isotopes, while precipitation amount and relative humidity was negatively correlated with isotopes. The water vapor was affected by westerly air mass and regional water vapor cycle. Meanwhile, back trajectory clustering analyses showed that the moisture mainly from Europe and central Asia. The moisture was more likely to be locally sourced with the ratio was 46.8%~52.1%.

Stable isotopes of water as a tracer for revealing spatial and temporal characteristics of groundwater recharge surrounding Qinghai Lake,China

Studying spatial and temporal characteristics of regional groundwater recharge will guide the scientific management and sustainable development of regional water resources.This study investigated stable isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2) H)of precipitation,groundwater,river water and lake water during 2019-2020 in Qinghai Lake Basin to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of groundwater recharge.The local meteoric water line was simulated using ordinary least squares regression(δ^(2) H=7.80δ^(18)O+10.60).The local evaporation lines of the river water,lake water and groundwater were simulated asδ^(2) H=6.21δ^(18)O-0.72,δ^(2) H=5.73δ0-3.60 and δ^(2) H=6.59δ0+1.76,respectively.The δ^(2) H and δ^(18)O of river water and groundwater were in more depleted values due to the recharge by precipitation at high altitudes or precipitation effects,and theδ^(2) H andδ^(18)O of the lake water were in more enriched values because of evaporation.The relationship between the δ^(2) H and δ^(18)O of groundwater and river water was not significantly different,indicating a strong hydrological connection between the groundwater and river water surrounding Qinghai Lake.Additionally,the maximum values of δ^(18)O and the minimum values of lc-excess of groundwater in most regions were both in August,and the minimum values of δ^(18)O and the maximum values of lc-excess of groundwater in most regions were both in October.Therefore,the groundwater was recharged by soil water with strong evaporation in August and recharged by precipitation at high altitudes in October.The recharge rate of groundwater was relatively fast in areas with large slopes and large hydraulic gradients(e.g.,south of Qinghai Lake),and in areas with strong hydrological connections between the groundwater and river water(e.g.,the Buha River Valley).Those results can provide data support for protection and utilization of water resources in Qinghai Lake Basin,and provide reference for groundwater research in closed lake basins on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Isotopic and Chemical Characteristics of Lagoon Waters in Niigata Prefecture, Japan

In order to investigate the isotopic and chemical characteristics of lagoon waters in Niigata Prefecture in recent years, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios （i.e., 8180 and 6D）, the concentrations of DOC （dissolved organic carbon）, DO （dissolved oxygen） and pH, etc. in water samples of Sakata and Toyanogata were measured. Samples were generally taken monthly at the fixed sampling points from these lagoons. Consequently, the following matters have been mainly clarified： （1） ~D value of water samples in Sakata was generally larger than that in Toyanogata similarly to the case of ~180, though remarkable large difference among samples was not found; （2） the pH value of lagoon water samples is almost 6.5-8.5 （which is generally larger than that of river water）, and pH at the spot of SI （downstream point of Lower Lagoon （Shitakata）） is remarkably high （9.0-9.5）; （3） Lagoon water has the chemical characteristics contrasting to groundwater with a focus on river water from the viewpoint of pH （acidity or alkalinity） and DO. These matters can be closely related to the biological activity such as photosynthesis due to aquatic plant and phytoplankton and the activity of Crustacea plankton etc. in lagoon.

黄河南岸灌区玉米根系吸水来源研究

【目的】明晰玉米根系吸水来源。【方法】采用液态水稳定氢氧同位素技术,通过监测黄河南岸灌区上、中、下游灌域的分层土壤水和玉米根系土壤水中的氢氧稳定同位素组成,结合直观图法和MIXSIAR模型确定玉米根系吸水来源,分析各供给水源的贡献比例。【结果】拔节期玉米生长较快,需水量较大,灌区上、中、下游干旱程度不同,导致玉米根系主要吸水深度也不同。上游主要吸收0~20 cm土层的土壤水,其水源贡献率为38.1%,20~40cm土层贡献率为23.7%;中游主要吸收20~40 cm土层的土壤水,贡献率为43.6%,0~20 cm土层贡献率为27.4%;下游主要吸收20~40 cm土层的土壤水,贡献率为63%,0~20 cm土层贡献率为20%。【结论】干旱环境下玉米会改变根系吸水深度,整个生育期内玉米根系吸水深度由浅入深再变浅;且玉米对各潜在水源的利用比例与其根系吸水深度以及不同水源对土壤水的补给密切相关。

昆仑山北坡地表水氢氧稳定同位素空间分布特征

氢氧稳定同位素作为示踪剂被广泛用于水文循环过程研究。地表水是水循环的重要组成部分,是区域水汽来源和现代水文过程分析的有效载体。基于新疆第三次科学考察,于2018年8月至2023年8月在昆仑山北坡采集了地表水样本并测量其氢氧稳定同位素数据,同时汇编了区域以往的地表水同位素数据,分析了昆仑山北坡地表水氢氧稳定同位素的空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)昆仑山北坡地表水同位素值呈现出西低东高的空间变化特征,区域地表水线为δ^(2)H=5.98×δ^(18)O-6.86(R^(2)=0.65,n=141)。(2)对比昆仑山北坡地表水和降水氢氧稳定同位素值发现地表水同位素平均值普遍低于加权降水同位素值。(3)昆仑山北坡地表水同位素空间格局受到西风携带的外来水汽和局地再循环水汽共同影响,此外蒸发也会改变区域地表水同位素值。

岩溶洞穴滴水氢氧稳定同位素时空变化特征及其指示意义

为探究麻黄洞滴水δD、δ^(18)O时空变化特征及其指示意义,本文对双河洞系一级支洞麻黄洞中4个滴水点进行系统监测分析,4个监测点分为2个Ⅰ类(低流量点)和2个Ⅱ类(高流量点)。研究得出:(1)洞穴滴水δD、δ^(18)O值表现出旱季高、雨季低的变化特征。(2)低流量滴水点的δ^(18)O及离子的变化均较小,对外界气候的响应较小;高流量点中又有渗滤流和包气带流之分,渗滤流滴水点对外界气候无明显响应,推断其有稳定的含水层补给;包气带流滴水点δ^(18)O值与气温、降雨量的相关性最大,能很好地响应气候的变化。本研究通过阐述麻黄洞滴水δD、δ^(18)O时空变化特征及其水化学特征,以期对洞穴沉积物古气候重建提供参考依据。

塔什库尔干河流域河谷大气降水同位素特征与水汽输送路径

利用塔什库尔干河流域河谷2018年9月—2020年5月的降水事件的大气降水同位素数据,以及流域河谷代表性气象站点温度、降水、相对湿度等气象资料,分析降水中δ^(18)O、δ^(2)H和氘盈余(d-excess)变化特征,探讨影响因素,并基于拉格朗日后向轨迹模型(HYSPLIT)追踪解析流域河谷大气降水的水汽输送路径。结果表明:(1)降水δ^(2)H、δ^(18)O值总体上呈现夏季富集、冬季贫化的季节变化特征,且具有显著的温度效应(1.33‰·℃^(-1)),但未见显著雨量效应;(2)局地大气降水线方程为δ^(2)H=7.63δ^(18)O-3.55,呈现出显著的干旱气候特征;(3)HYSPLIT模拟结果表明研究流域降水水汽主要受西风环流和局地水汽再循环影响,其中夏半年局地水汽蒸发占比54.09%,冬半年西方路径中较长距离输送占比45.53%。8月源自印度洋的水汽可绕过青藏高原到达研究区域。成果可为塔什库尔干河流域水资源管理和气候应对提供参考依据。

宁夏河东沙区柠条和新疆杨在纯林和混交林中的水分利用策略

【目的】探究柠条和新疆杨在纯林和混交林中的水分利用策略,分析这2个树种在混交林中的水分利用关系、土壤水利用率的影响因子以及种植方式对土壤水分环境的影响,为旱区防护林的林分结构优化调控提供理论指导。【方法】于2018年生长季(5—10月),在宁夏河东沙区选择柠条纯林、新疆杨纯林和柠条+新疆杨混交林,利用氢氧稳定同位素技术和IsoSource混合模型,分析柠条和新疆杨在纯林和混交林中的水分来源,采用相似性比例指数(PS指数)计算柠条和新疆杨在混交林中的水分利用关系;同时,监测土壤含水量、土壤养分和根系生物量,并利用结构方程模型(SEM)量化不同因子对林地植物土壤水利用率的影响;计算土壤储水量、土壤水分亏缺和土壤水消耗率,分析柠条、新疆杨纯林及混交林对土壤水分环境的影响。【结果】1)在纯林和混交林中,整个生长季的柠条的主要水分来源土层基本一致,而新疆杨则表现出不一致性。2)混交林中柠条和新疆杨在整个生长季的相似性比例指数(PS)为62.75%,表明两者之间存在较弱的水分竞争,在生长季不同时期,2个树种的主要水分来源土层不同,能通过水分利用的时间和空间分离来应对干旱。3)土壤含水量对3个林地的植物土壤水利用率的总效应最高,土壤含水量和土壤养分与柠条纯林的土壤水利用率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),而与混交林中柠条的土壤水利用率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与新疆杨纯林和混交林的植物土壤水利用率呈显著正相关(P<0.05);根系生物量对3个林地的植物土壤水利用率呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。4)混交林土壤储水量高于柠条和新疆杨纯林,而土壤水分亏缺和土壤水消耗率低于柠条和新疆杨纯林。【结论】柠条在纯林和混交林中的水分利用策略基本一致,新疆杨在纯林和混交林中的水分利用策略存在差异;混交林中的柠条和新疆杨通过时间和空间上的水分利用的差异来应对干旱,且混交林相比纯林可更有效降低土壤干旱化风险;土壤含水量和土壤养分是影响3个林地植物土壤水利用率的主要因素。

云南白水台泉水地球化学特征及其气候环境指示意义

为研究岩溶地下水的水文地球化学演化特征,对云南白水台地区雨水和泉水中氢氧稳定同位素(δD、δ^(18)O)组成和微量元素含量进行了为期近5年(2018年1月至2022年10月)以月为频率的连续监测。结果表明:(1)白水台雨水中δD、δ^(18)O具有明显的季节性变化特征,均表现为雨季偏轻,旱季偏重,主要受到水汽来源与蒸发条件的影响;(2)白水台泉水受当地大气降水补给,其δD、δ^(18)O经历了石灰岩基层中不同通道、裂隙网络中的新、老水混合导致的同位素调蓄平滑作用以及与深部来源CO_(2)的氧同位素交换作用,修正性继承了雨水中δD、δ^(18)O的部分特征;(3)泉水中Ca、Mg、Sr、Ba、Si等元素主要来源于喀斯特水体侵蚀下围岩的溶解,其含量变化可能指示了降水量的变化;而Fe、Al、Mn等元素主要来源于大气降水对上覆土壤的淋滤作用,其浓度变化可能反映了降水强度的变化。

金沙江下游流域大气降水氢氧稳定同位素特征及水汽来源

金沙江下游流域地处干热河谷气候影响区,大气降水对该区域水文循环至关重要。分析了金沙江下游流域降水稳定同位素组成的季节变化特征及其影响因素,结合同位素示踪和HYSPLIT模型探讨了流域大气降水水汽来源。结果表明:金沙江下游流域降水δ^(2) H和δ^(18) O雨季偏负而旱季偏正,气温和降水量对同位素组成影响较大而高程效应不显著;流域大气降水线斜率和截距均低于全球和我国大气降水线,主要受到非平衡蒸发作用影响;流域大气降水水汽来源和昆明地区类似,雨季降水主要受到西南与南亚季风影响,旱季降水潜在来源为西风带或极地大陆气团。研究成果对金沙江下游区域水文循环具有重要指导意义。

重庆酉阳龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜大气降水氢氧稳定同位素变化特征

为深入探究重庆市东南部武陵山龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜两个相邻地形区大气降水中δ^(18)O、δD的特征及其影响因素,文章基于两个水文年(2 020.06-2 022.05)在重庆市酉阳县龙潭槽谷(海拔333 m)和毛坝向斜(海拔1 140 m)降水δ^(18)O和δD的采样数据,建立了两地的大气降水线,分析两地大气降水氢氧稳定同位素的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜大气降水线的斜率和截距均大于全球大气降水线。大气降水δ^(18)O和δD具有明显的季节变化,雨季(5-10月)偏负,旱季(11月至次年4月)偏正。两地大气降水δ^(18)O表现出显著的降水量效应,温度效应的影响较弱。(2)龙潭槽谷大气降水线的斜率和截距小于毛坝向斜,两地大气降水线的差异主要受控于水汽凝结时的温度和蒸发条件。(3)龙潭槽谷大气降水中的δ^(18)O和δD的平均值较毛坝向斜偏正。d-excess的结果表明,龙潭槽谷δ^(18)O和δD存在微弱的云下二次蒸发。同次降水过程中龙潭槽谷大气降水δ^(18)O总体上较毛坝向斜降水δ^(18)O偏正,这表明龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜两地的大气降水δ^(18)O受高程效应影响。(4)年际变化上,龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜两地大气降水δ^(18)O的变化主要受印度洋水汽输送比例的影响。2020年夏季,印度洋水汽到达研究区的比例为76%,降水δ^(18)O偏负;2021年夏季,印度洋水汽到达研究区的比例为52%,降水δ^(18)O偏正。研究结果对增进西南岩溶槽谷区水循环过程的认识和今后展开龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜两地生态水文过程的研究具有重要的意义。

基于Web of Science的岩溶碳循环及碳汇效应研究动态分析

为了解岩溶碳循环及碳汇效应研究热点和发展方向,基于Web of Science核心合集引文索引数据库,对1997年1月1日-2023年6月30日间的573篇文献进行了文献计量学引文分析。利用Cite Space软件对关键词频率、国家(地区)和机构分布、作者影响、研究热点、共被引文献以及主题演变进行了分析。结果表明,以刘再华为核心的研究团队继承和发扬了袁道先提出的岩溶作用参与全球碳循环并具有碳汇效应的观点,并提出了偶联碳酸盐岩风化碳汇模型,极大推动了岩溶碳汇的研究。关键词聚类的时间线图和关键词时区图清楚地展现了该领域的发展动态,可认为岩溶碳循环及碳汇效应领域经历3个发展阶段:1)1997-2006年的起步阶段,粗略估算了全球碳酸盐岩风化回收大气CO_(2)的量为0.110~0.608 Gt C·a^(-1),占全球碳遗漏的15%~30%;2)2007-2014年的碳酸盐岩化学风化研究快速发展阶段,主要关注不同流域在外源酸、径流条件及植被覆盖对碳酸盐岩风化的影响;3)2015年之后以大气-生物-土壤-水-基岩为系统的岩溶关键带理论指导下的碳循环及碳汇效应研究新阶段,考虑了水生生物光合作用、气候变化及土地利用变化等条件下岩溶碳循环及碳汇效应。

盐度对水体蒸发氢氧稳定同位素分馏的影响

干旱区强烈的蒸发作用导致地表水体和土壤水、浅层地下水中盐度不断升高,而盐分亦会导致蒸发强度降低,水体蒸发导致的氢氧稳定同位素分馏特征是确定蒸发量的有效手段,但目前水体蒸发过程中氢氧同位素分馏特征的研究主要集中于淡水和低矿化度盐水,为探求不同盐度对水体蒸发过程中的氢氧稳定同位素分馏的影响,开展浓度分别为0、10、20、50、100和200 g/L盐溶液的室内蒸发实验,比较纯水与不同浓度盐水蒸发过程中氢氧稳定同位素的差异,探究其分馏过程,定量评价盐度对水分蒸发分馏过程的影响。实验结果表明:蒸发量随着水体盐度的升高而呈指数形式降低;蒸发过程中,重同位素在水体中不断富集,0~200 g/L盐水中^(2)H、^(18)O和^(17)O的瑞利分馏系数分别在1.089~1.155、1.019~1.033和1.009~1.018之间,并呈现随着盐水浓度的增大瑞利分馏系数逐渐增加的趋势;纯水和盐水中的δ^(2)H-δ^(18)O、δ^(2)H-δ^(17)O和δ^(17)O-δ^(18)O之间均呈良好的线性关系,部分纯水与盐水的蒸发线之间存在比较显著的差异;不同浓度盐水中氘盈余随着剩余水体积比的减小而迅速降低,两者之间呈显著的线性关系,但直线斜率随着盐水浓度的增大而呈现先降低后增大的规律。

湘东北地区大气降水和地下水的氢氧稳定同位素研究

深入认识湘东北地区的水文循环过程,对规范该区水资源的有效利用和减缓该区生态环境问题具有重要意义。2021年10月—2023年2月,每月对该区金井镇的大气降水和不同深度(约4.7 m和61 m)井水开展样品采集和测试。该区大气降水稳定同位素值(δ^(18)O、δD)呈现夏半年偏负、冬半年偏正,且氘盈余、水汽通量和HYSPLIT模型分析结果显示,影响该区夏季降水的气团主要来自暖湿的海洋洋面,冬季主要来自稳定的南支西风和局地水汽输送。浅井水和深井水的δ^(18)O和δD与该区大气降水δ^(18)O和δD的均值接近,变幅较小且呈现夏季偏正冬季偏负的特征,说明地下水受到大气降水的补给,但可能滞后于大气降水的变化。然而,不同深度地下水对大气降水的响应机制和滞后时间,还需进一步研究。