A 70 MPa hydrogen environment fatigue test system has been designed and applied in the manufacture of a hydrogen storage vessel. The key equipment is a 80 MPa flat steel ribbon wound high pressure hydrogen storage ves...A 70 MPa hydrogen environment fatigue test system has been designed and applied in the manufacture of a hydrogen storage vessel. The key equipment is a 80 MPa flat steel ribbon wound high pressure hydrogen storage vessel. A reasonable stress distribution has been realized, which is low stress on the liner of the pressure vessel and even stress on the flat ribbon layers. This optimal stress distribution is achieved through the adjustment of the prestress in flat steel ribbons. A control system for the fatigue test system has also been designed. It consists of a double control model, manual control and automatic control, to satisfy different experiment requirements. The system is the only one which can be used in the real hydrogen environmental fatigue test system in China. An experiment for a 70 MPa onboard composite material hydrogen vessel has been carried out on the system. The experimental results from this test are in close agreement with the practical operating conditions.展开更多
Based on the theory of hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity of the hydrogen induced cracking and the consideration of the effect of the residual stress produced by eliminated stress heat-treatment, a fractal model o...Based on the theory of hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity of the hydrogen induced cracking and the consideration of the effect of the residual stress produced by eliminated stress heat-treatment, a fractal model of hydrogen induced cracking was presented, and the relationships among the effective surface energy (H), fractal dimension D and stress intensity factor of hydrogen induced cracking, KIH, for welding pipeline under hydrogen environment was set up, from which the relationship of D and KISCC was obtained. The model has been verified experimentally to be correct.展开更多
Low pressure,low oxygen concentration,and intense ultraviolet（UV）radiation in high-altitude environments,can cause oxidative stress which can trigger mountain sickness.A recent study demonstrated that hydrogen gas w...Low pressure,low oxygen concentration,and intense ultraviolet（UV）radiation in high-altitude environments,can cause oxidative stress which can trigger mountain sickness.A recent study demonstrated that hydrogen gas with a good permeability in biological membranes can treat various disorders by exerting its selective anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects,indicating that hydrogen therapy plays a role in scavenging free radicals and in balancing oxidation and anti-oxidation systems of ceils. Therefore, we hypothesize that inhaling low-dose hydrogen or drinking hydrogen-saturated water is a novel and simple method to prevent and treat oxidative stress injury caused by low pressure, low oxygen concentration and intense UV radiation in plateaus, thus reducing the risk of mountain sickness.展开更多
The effect of boron doping on the sensitivity to environmental embrittlement of Ni3Al-based alloys was investigated in this paper. The results show that the ductilizing effect of boron in Ni3Al is partly to suppress ...The effect of boron doping on the sensitivity to environmental embrittlement of Ni3Al-based alloys was investigated in this paper. The results show that the ductilizing effect of boron in Ni3Al is partly to suppress moisture-induced hydrogen embrittlement.The mechanism of this suppressing effect of boron relates to its severely decreasing the hydrogen diffusivity by boron segregated at the grain boundaries. The surface reaction of Fe3Al with water vapor and oxygen was experimentally confirmed by AES and XPS analysis. The kinetics of these reactions can be used to explain the different ductility behavior of aluminides in various environments.展开更多
The diffusible hydrogen contents in precharged (Co,Fe) 3V alloy were measured. It is found that atomic ordering can not promote hydrogen penetration in the (Co,Fe) 3V alloy. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and duc...The diffusible hydrogen contents in precharged (Co,Fe) 3V alloy were measured. It is found that atomic ordering can not promote hydrogen penetration in the (Co,Fe) 3V alloy. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and ductilities in various condition were also investigated. The results show that the UTS and elongation of disordered alloy are higher than that of ordered one with fixed diffusible hydrogen content and (Co,Fe) 3V alloy with ordered structure is highly susceptible to the embrittlement in hydrogen gas. The factor which may affect the susceptibility to the embrittlement of (Co,Fe) 3V alloy in hydrogen gas is mainly due to that the atomic ordering may accelerate the kinetics of the catalytic reaction for the dissociation of molecular hydrogen into atomic hydrogen. However, it can not be roled out that atomic ordering intensifies planar slip and restricts cross slip at the grain boundaries and enhances the susceptibility of the alloy to hydrogen embrittlement.展开更多
In this review,we primarily analyze the hydrogen production technologies based on water and biomass,including the economic,technological,and environmental impacts of different types of hydrogen production technologies...In this review,we primarily analyze the hydrogen production technologies based on water and biomass,including the economic,technological,and environmental impacts of different types of hydrogen production technologies based on these materials,and comprehensively compare them.Our analyses indicate that all renewable energy-based approaches for hydrogen production are more environmentally friendly than fossil-based hydrogen generation approaches.However,the technical ease and economic efficiency of hydrogen production from renewable sources of energy needs to be further improved in order to be applied on a large scale.Compared with other renewable energy-based methods,hydrogen production via biomass electrolysis has several advantages,including the ease of directly using raw biomass.Furthermore,its environmental impact is smaller than other approaches.Moreover,using a noble metal,catalyst-free anode for this approach can ensure a considerably low power consumption,which makes it a promising candidate for clean and efficient hydrogen production in the future.展开更多
The effect of Zr doping in Ni 3Al and B doping in Co 3Ti intermetallics on the sensitivity to moisture induced environmental embrittlement and on the hydrogen diffusivity was investigated. The results show that both B...The effect of Zr doping in Ni 3Al and B doping in Co 3Ti intermetallics on the sensitivity to moisture induced environmental embrittlement and on the hydrogen diffusivity was investigated. The results show that both B in Co 3Ti and Zr in Ni 3Al do not reduce the hydrogen diffusivity along the grain boundaries, therefore can not suppress the moisture induced environmental embrittlement. The above mentioned behavior of Zr in Ni 3Al and B in Co 3Ti is attributed to the fact that Zr and B are not segregated on the grain boundaries.展开更多
氢燃料电池重型商用车(fuel cell heavy commercial vehicles,FCHCV)在推广交通领域碳减排方面具有广阔的应用前景,但对环境是否友好仍需进一步研究.为准确衡量FCHCV相对于柴油重型商用车(diesel heavy commercial vehicles,DHCV)的环...氢燃料电池重型商用车(fuel cell heavy commercial vehicles,FCHCV)在推广交通领域碳减排方面具有广阔的应用前景,但对环境是否友好仍需进一步研究.为准确衡量FCHCV相对于柴油重型商用车(diesel heavy commercial vehicles,DHCV)的环境效益,基于生命周期评价理论和《节能与新能源汽车技术路线图2.0》,构建面向2035年基于不同氢能路径的FCHCV与DHCV的材料消耗、能源消耗、碳排放和污染物排放预测评价模型,科学量化预测不同氢能路径下FCHCV相较于DHCV的全生命周期环境影响和节能减排潜力,梳理并搭建了FCHCV与DHCV的物质流、能量流和排放流的数据清单,采用GaBi软件与CML2001方法体系对数据清单进行了计算,并对比分析了全生命周期环境影响预测结果.结果表明:目前,FCHCV的全生命周期材料消耗量高于DHCV,主要原因是锂电池的材料消耗量较高,基于光伏电解水制氢路径的FCHCV的节能减排效果较好,对环境产生的负面效益较低.到2035年,基于光伏电解水制氢的FCHCV的全生命周期化石能源消耗量、碳排放和酸化潜值较DHCV分别低41.78%、79.09%、55.30%,但基于混合电力电解水制氢的FCHCV的全生命周期化石能源消耗量、碳排放量和酸化潜值较DHCV分别高56.80%、10.47%和45.01%.研究显示,以可再生能源制氢为基础的FCHCV在未来具有较大的节能减排和降低环境负面效益潜力,但以混合电力制氢为基础的FCHCV未来与DHCV在节能减排和环境保护方面竞争力较小.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2007AA05Z122)
文摘A 70 MPa hydrogen environment fatigue test system has been designed and applied in the manufacture of a hydrogen storage vessel. The key equipment is a 80 MPa flat steel ribbon wound high pressure hydrogen storage vessel. A reasonable stress distribution has been realized, which is low stress on the liner of the pressure vessel and even stress on the flat ribbon layers. This optimal stress distribution is achieved through the adjustment of the prestress in flat steel ribbons. A control system for the fatigue test system has also been designed. It consists of a double control model, manual control and automatic control, to satisfy different experiment requirements. The system is the only one which can be used in the real hydrogen environmental fatigue test system in China. An experiment for a 70 MPa onboard composite material hydrogen vessel has been carried out on the system. The experimental results from this test are in close agreement with the practical operating conditions.
文摘Based on the theory of hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity of the hydrogen induced cracking and the consideration of the effect of the residual stress produced by eliminated stress heat-treatment, a fractal model of hydrogen induced cracking was presented, and the relationships among the effective surface energy (H), fractal dimension D and stress intensity factor of hydrogen induced cracking, KIH, for welding pipeline under hydrogen environment was set up, from which the relationship of D and KISCC was obtained. The model has been verified experimentally to be correct.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81301134,81371444)
文摘Low pressure,low oxygen concentration,and intense ultraviolet（UV）radiation in high-altitude environments,can cause oxidative stress which can trigger mountain sickness.A recent study demonstrated that hydrogen gas with a good permeability in biological membranes can treat various disorders by exerting its selective anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects,indicating that hydrogen therapy plays a role in scavenging free radicals and in balancing oxidation and anti-oxidation systems of ceils. Therefore, we hypothesize that inhaling low-dose hydrogen or drinking hydrogen-saturated water is a novel and simple method to prevent and treat oxidative stress injury caused by low pressure, low oxygen concentration and intense UV radiation in plateaus, thus reducing the risk of mountain sickness.
文摘The effect of boron doping on the sensitivity to environmental embrittlement of Ni3Al-based alloys was investigated in this paper. The results show that the ductilizing effect of boron in Ni3Al is partly to suppress moisture-induced hydrogen embrittlement.The mechanism of this suppressing effect of boron relates to its severely decreasing the hydrogen diffusivity by boron segregated at the grain boundaries. The surface reaction of Fe3Al with water vapor and oxygen was experimentally confirmed by AES and XPS analysis. The kinetics of these reactions can be used to explain the different ductility behavior of aluminides in various environments.
文摘The diffusible hydrogen contents in precharged (Co,Fe) 3V alloy were measured. It is found that atomic ordering can not promote hydrogen penetration in the (Co,Fe) 3V alloy. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and ductilities in various condition were also investigated. The results show that the UTS and elongation of disordered alloy are higher than that of ordered one with fixed diffusible hydrogen content and (Co,Fe) 3V alloy with ordered structure is highly susceptible to the embrittlement in hydrogen gas. The factor which may affect the susceptibility to the embrittlement of (Co,Fe) 3V alloy in hydrogen gas is mainly due to that the atomic ordering may accelerate the kinetics of the catalytic reaction for the dissociation of molecular hydrogen into atomic hydrogen. However, it can not be roled out that atomic ordering intensifies planar slip and restricts cross slip at the grain boundaries and enhances the susceptibility of the alloy to hydrogen embrittlement.
基金financially supported by grant-in-aid from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Scientific Research (15H04045)+5 种基金Development Grant for River Management Technology from the Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transportation and Tourism JapanRiver Fund from the River Foundation of Japan and Watershed Ecology Research Group of WEC
基金supported by the Beijing Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No.Z171100002017021)CHN Energy Science and Technology Innovation Project (2017B1BE00100)
文摘In this review,we primarily analyze the hydrogen production technologies based on water and biomass,including the economic,technological,and environmental impacts of different types of hydrogen production technologies based on these materials,and comprehensively compare them.Our analyses indicate that all renewable energy-based approaches for hydrogen production are more environmentally friendly than fossil-based hydrogen generation approaches.However,the technical ease and economic efficiency of hydrogen production from renewable sources of energy needs to be further improved in order to be applied on a large scale.Compared with other renewable energy-based methods,hydrogen production via biomass electrolysis has several advantages,including the ease of directly using raw biomass.Furthermore,its environmental impact is smaller than other approaches.Moreover,using a noble metal,catalyst-free anode for this approach can ensure a considerably low power consumption,which makes it a promising candidate for clean and efficient hydrogen production in the future.
文摘The effect of Zr doping in Ni 3Al and B doping in Co 3Ti intermetallics on the sensitivity to moisture induced environmental embrittlement and on the hydrogen diffusivity was investigated. The results show that both B in Co 3Ti and Zr in Ni 3Al do not reduce the hydrogen diffusivity along the grain boundaries, therefore can not suppress the moisture induced environmental embrittlement. The above mentioned behavior of Zr in Ni 3Al and B in Co 3Ti is attributed to the fact that Zr and B are not segregated on the grain boundaries.
文摘氢燃料电池重型商用车(fuel cell heavy commercial vehicles,FCHCV)在推广交通领域碳减排方面具有广阔的应用前景,但对环境是否友好仍需进一步研究.为准确衡量FCHCV相对于柴油重型商用车(diesel heavy commercial vehicles,DHCV)的环境效益,基于生命周期评价理论和《节能与新能源汽车技术路线图2.0》,构建面向2035年基于不同氢能路径的FCHCV与DHCV的材料消耗、能源消耗、碳排放和污染物排放预测评价模型,科学量化预测不同氢能路径下FCHCV相较于DHCV的全生命周期环境影响和节能减排潜力,梳理并搭建了FCHCV与DHCV的物质流、能量流和排放流的数据清单,采用GaBi软件与CML2001方法体系对数据清单进行了计算,并对比分析了全生命周期环境影响预测结果.结果表明:目前,FCHCV的全生命周期材料消耗量高于DHCV,主要原因是锂电池的材料消耗量较高,基于光伏电解水制氢路径的FCHCV的节能减排效果较好,对环境产生的负面效益较低.到2035年,基于光伏电解水制氢的FCHCV的全生命周期化石能源消耗量、碳排放和酸化潜值较DHCV分别低41.78%、79.09%、55.30%,但基于混合电力电解水制氢的FCHCV的全生命周期化石能源消耗量、碳排放量和酸化潜值较DHCV分别高56.80%、10.47%和45.01%.研究显示,以可再生能源制氢为基础的FCHCV在未来具有较大的节能减排和降低环境负面效益潜力,但以混合电力制氢为基础的FCHCV未来与DHCV在节能减排和环境保护方面竞争力较小.
