Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)and nitric oxide(NO)as two signal molecules play prominent roles in plant response to biotic stress.The combination effects of these two molecules on ripening and decay of postharvest strawberry w...Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)and nitric oxide(NO)as two signal molecules play prominent roles in plant response to biotic stress.The combination effects of these two molecules on ripening and decay of postharvest strawberry were investigated.Strawberries were first dipped in distilled water,0.8 mmol/L NaHS solution,5μmmol/L sodium nitroprusside(SNP)solution,and combinative solutions of 0.8 mmol/L NaHS and 5μmmol/L SNP for 10 min,respectively,and then stored at 20°C.Results showed that the effects of the co-treatment of 0.8 mmol/L NaHS solution and 5μmmol/L SNP solution were superior to that of other treatments.The former could suppress the percentage of fruit decay,inhibit respiration rate,maintain the original crust color,and slow down the decrease of firmness and the change of relative conductivity,which preserved the fruit quality.Further investigation showed that co-treatment of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide maintained higher activities of chitinase(CHI)and beta-1,3-glucanase(GNS),and lowered activities of pectin methylesterase(PME),polygalacturonase(PG)and endo-β-1,4-glucanase(EGase).The study indicated that the synergistic function of H2S and NO could effectively prolong the shelf life and reduce the decay rate of harvested strawberry.展开更多
Molecular hydrogen is an effective antioxidant.Numerous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of hydrogen in the treatment of various human diseases.The possibility of using hydrogen in the treatment of ca...Molecular hydrogen is an effective antioxidant.Numerous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of hydrogen in the treatment of various human diseases.The possibility of using hydrogen in the treatment of cancer was first discovered in 1975,and in recent studies,researchers have reported numerous positive effects of hydrogen in cancer therapy,including:1)the alleviation of complications caused by chemotherapy;2)a reduction of complications caused by radiotherapy;3)delays in the progression of cancer;and 4)enhanced efficacy of conventional therapy when used in combination with hydrogen.This article reviews the research progress in the use of hydrogen in the treatment of cancer,and proposes future directions for research in this field.展开更多
AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of mineralwater with a high content of hydrogen carbonate inpatients with heartburn.METHODS： This open, single-center, single-armclinical pilot study enrolled 50 patients, 1...AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of mineralwater with a high content of hydrogen carbonate inpatients with heartburn.METHODS： This open, single-center, single-armclinical pilot study enrolled 50 patients, 18-64 yearsold, who had been suffering from heartburn at leasttwice a week for at least 3 mo before entering thestudy. Pharmacological treatment of heartburn was notpermitted, and patients with severe organic diseaseswere excluded. After a run-in period of one week, theparticipants received 1.5 L of the test water for thefollowing 6 wk; 300 mL with meals t.i.d., the remainderto be drunk throughout the day. During the trial, therewere five visits at the study center （screening, baseline,two interim visits and the final visit）. The efficacyendpoints included incidence and duration of heartburnepisodes per week by patient＇s self-assessment （heartburndiary） as well as changes in symptom severity asper symptom specific questionnaires [Reflux Disease Questionnaire （RDQ）; Quality of Life in Reflux andDyspepsia （QOLRAD）; Gastrointestinal Quality of LifeIndex] and overall health-related quality of life per SF-12（12-question short form） at each visit. At the end of thestudy, patients and investigators independently ratedthe overall efficacy of the test water on a 4-point Likertscale. Safety was assessed by evaluation of adverseevents （AEs）, vital signs （heart rate, blood pressure）and laboratory parameters. Changes from initial to finalexaminations were assessed by the non-parametricWilcoxon test; categorical variables were comparedusing the χ 2 test, and for more than 5 categories, by theU-test.RESULTS： Twenty-eight participants were men, 22women. The mean age of the patients in the fullanalysis set/intention-to treat population （FAS/ITT） was40.6 years. Forty-two participants completed the studyaccording to the study protocol and formed the perprotocolset （PP population）; 48 participants drank thewater at least once as requested and were analyzedas ITT population. The occurrence of heartburn wasstatistically significantly reduced at wk 6 in both the ITTand the PP populations. At wk 6, the mean number ofheartburn episodes/week decreased by 5.1 episodes（P 〈 0.001） and the mean duration of heartburnsymptoms by 19 min （ITT） （P = 0.002）. The frequencyof heartburn symptoms was reduced in 89.6% of thepatients （P 〈 0.001）, and the duration of symptoms in79.2% of patients （ITT） （P 〈 0.001）. All dimensions ofthe RDQ （heartburn, regurgitation, gastro-esophagealreflux disease symptoms, dyspepsia） showed asignificant improvement at 6 wk. Likewise, diseasespecificquality of life improved significantly （QOLRAD,GIQLI）. Overall, 89.4% of patients rated the efficacyof the test water as ＂good＂ or ＂very good＂, as did theinvestigators for 91.5% of the patients. There wereno serious AEs. After 6 wk, systolic and diastolic bloodpressure values decreased slightly but significantly [-3.5and -3.0 mmHg, respectively （P = 0.008 and P = 0,002）].Ninety-six percent of patients and investigators for thesame percentage of patients rated the tolerability of thewater as ＂good＂ or ＂very good＂.CONCLUSION： The data demonstrate effectiveness ofa hydrogen carbonate-rich mineral water in alleviatingheartburn frequency and severity, thereby improvingquality of life. The water has excellent tolerability.展开更多
It was required to determine relative merits of commonly used renewable energy(RE)systems for which estimation of their individual sustainability percent achievable was chosen as the single criterion assessment tool.T...It was required to determine relative merits of commonly used renewable energy(RE)systems for which estimation of their individual sustainability percent achievable was chosen as the single criterion assessment tool.The methodology developed for estimating sustainability included identification of individual sustainability indices(SI)and examining the scope of sustainability percent input/kWh power generation for each of SI indices and summing them up estimating total sustainability accrued from respective RE systems.The RE systems studied included photo-voltaic(PV)cells,bio-fuels,on-shore&off-shore wind energy and OTEC schemes.Coal power plant being commercially viable was studied as the referral energy scheme.Nine SI indices identified for study included resource potential,greenhouse gas saving,influence on flora&fauna,effects on human health,land loss aspects,food and potable water security,economy evaluation,and improvement in quality of life from economic growth.Total sustainability achievable showed the highest in OTEC,followed by wind,bio-fuels and PV,respectively.SI index on quality of life showed RE schemes like OTEC&bio-fuels competing equally with coal power plant having poor sustainability with the least power generation cost;whence Hybrid OTEC showed the highest sustainability with high power production cost.Four fold approaches have been suggested for reducing power generation cost of OTEC.(i)Adopting economically viable scheme of not less than 40 MW.(ii)Heating up the working fluid with solar irradiation,terming SOTEC scheme.(iii)Saving cable laying cost,from hydrogen production utilizing the power generated.(iv)Hybridization of OTEC scheme.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31101371 and No.31101372)Science and Technology Development Plan of Shandong Province(No.2014GNC113009)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.201104605).
文摘Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)and nitric oxide(NO)as two signal molecules play prominent roles in plant response to biotic stress.The combination effects of these two molecules on ripening and decay of postharvest strawberry were investigated.Strawberries were first dipped in distilled water,0.8 mmol/L NaHS solution,5μmmol/L sodium nitroprusside(SNP)solution,and combinative solutions of 0.8 mmol/L NaHS and 5μmmol/L SNP for 10 min,respectively,and then stored at 20°C.Results showed that the effects of the co-treatment of 0.8 mmol/L NaHS solution and 5μmmol/L SNP solution were superior to that of other treatments.The former could suppress the percentage of fruit decay,inhibit respiration rate,maintain the original crust color,and slow down the decrease of firmness and the change of relative conductivity,which preserved the fruit quality.Further investigation showed that co-treatment of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide maintained higher activities of chitinase(CHI)and beta-1,3-glucanase(GNS),and lowered activities of pectin methylesterase(PME),polygalacturonase(PG)and endo-β-1,4-glucanase(EGase).The study indicated that the synergistic function of H2S and NO could effectively prolong the shelf life and reduce the decay rate of harvested strawberry.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program(2015CB856302,2015CB553602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870848,81741110,81802787)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi(2018JZ3005).
文摘Molecular hydrogen is an effective antioxidant.Numerous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of hydrogen in the treatment of various human diseases.The possibility of using hydrogen in the treatment of cancer was first discovered in 1975,and in recent studies,researchers have reported numerous positive effects of hydrogen in cancer therapy,including:1)the alleviation of complications caused by chemotherapy;2)a reduction of complications caused by radiotherapy;3)delays in the progression of cancer;and 4)enhanced efficacy of conventional therapy when used in combination with hydrogen.This article reviews the research progress in the use of hydrogen in the treatment of cancer,and proposes future directions for research in this field.
基金Supported by Deutsche Heilbrunnen im Verband Deutscher Mineralbrunnen e.V.,Kennedyallee 28,53175 Bonn,Germany,www.vdm-bonn.de
文摘AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of mineralwater with a high content of hydrogen carbonate inpatients with heartburn.METHODS： This open, single-center, single-armclinical pilot study enrolled 50 patients, 18-64 yearsold, who had been suffering from heartburn at leasttwice a week for at least 3 mo before entering thestudy. Pharmacological treatment of heartburn was notpermitted, and patients with severe organic diseaseswere excluded. After a run-in period of one week, theparticipants received 1.5 L of the test water for thefollowing 6 wk; 300 mL with meals t.i.d., the remainderto be drunk throughout the day. During the trial, therewere five visits at the study center （screening, baseline,two interim visits and the final visit）. The efficacyendpoints included incidence and duration of heartburnepisodes per week by patient＇s self-assessment （heartburndiary） as well as changes in symptom severity asper symptom specific questionnaires [Reflux Disease Questionnaire （RDQ）; Quality of Life in Reflux andDyspepsia （QOLRAD）; Gastrointestinal Quality of LifeIndex] and overall health-related quality of life per SF-12（12-question short form） at each visit. At the end of thestudy, patients and investigators independently ratedthe overall efficacy of the test water on a 4-point Likertscale. Safety was assessed by evaluation of adverseevents （AEs）, vital signs （heart rate, blood pressure）and laboratory parameters. Changes from initial to finalexaminations were assessed by the non-parametricWilcoxon test; categorical variables were comparedusing the χ 2 test, and for more than 5 categories, by theU-test.RESULTS： Twenty-eight participants were men, 22women. The mean age of the patients in the fullanalysis set/intention-to treat population （FAS/ITT） was40.6 years. Forty-two participants completed the studyaccording to the study protocol and formed the perprotocolset （PP population）; 48 participants drank thewater at least once as requested and were analyzedas ITT population. The occurrence of heartburn wasstatistically significantly reduced at wk 6 in both the ITTand the PP populations. At wk 6, the mean number ofheartburn episodes/week decreased by 5.1 episodes（P 〈 0.001） and the mean duration of heartburnsymptoms by 19 min （ITT） （P = 0.002）. The frequencyof heartburn symptoms was reduced in 89.6% of thepatients （P 〈 0.001）, and the duration of symptoms in79.2% of patients （ITT） （P 〈 0.001）. All dimensions ofthe RDQ （heartburn, regurgitation, gastro-esophagealreflux disease symptoms, dyspepsia） showed asignificant improvement at 6 wk. Likewise, diseasespecificquality of life improved significantly （QOLRAD,GIQLI）. Overall, 89.4% of patients rated the efficacyof the test water as ＂good＂ or ＂very good＂, as did theinvestigators for 91.5% of the patients. There wereno serious AEs. After 6 wk, systolic and diastolic bloodpressure values decreased slightly but significantly [-3.5and -3.0 mmHg, respectively （P = 0.008 and P = 0,002）].Ninety-six percent of patients and investigators for thesame percentage of patients rated the tolerability of thewater as ＂good＂ or ＂very good＂.CONCLUSION： The data demonstrate effectiveness ofa hydrogen carbonate-rich mineral water in alleviatingheartburn frequency and severity, thereby improvingquality of life. The water has excellent tolerability.
文摘It was required to determine relative merits of commonly used renewable energy(RE)systems for which estimation of their individual sustainability percent achievable was chosen as the single criterion assessment tool.The methodology developed for estimating sustainability included identification of individual sustainability indices(SI)and examining the scope of sustainability percent input/kWh power generation for each of SI indices and summing them up estimating total sustainability accrued from respective RE systems.The RE systems studied included photo-voltaic(PV)cells,bio-fuels,on-shore&off-shore wind energy and OTEC schemes.Coal power plant being commercially viable was studied as the referral energy scheme.Nine SI indices identified for study included resource potential,greenhouse gas saving,influence on flora&fauna,effects on human health,land loss aspects,food and potable water security,economy evaluation,and improvement in quality of life from economic growth.Total sustainability achievable showed the highest in OTEC,followed by wind,bio-fuels and PV,respectively.SI index on quality of life showed RE schemes like OTEC&bio-fuels competing equally with coal power plant having poor sustainability with the least power generation cost;whence Hybrid OTEC showed the highest sustainability with high power production cost.Four fold approaches have been suggested for reducing power generation cost of OTEC.(i)Adopting economically viable scheme of not less than 40 MW.(ii)Heating up the working fluid with solar irradiation,terming SOTEC scheme.(iii)Saving cable laying cost,from hydrogen production utilizing the power generated.(iv)Hybridization of OTEC scheme.
