Suitability Evaluation of Hydrogen Production and Hydrogenation Station Based on AHP-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method

Since there are multiple influencing factors and lack of evaluation standards for the construction of hydrogen production and hydrogenation station in China,this paper establishes the suitability evaluation index system of hydrogen production and hydrogenation station from four aspects of technology,economy,environment and safety.Combined with actual conditions,this paper uses Analytic Hierarch Process(AHP)and Fuzzy Comprehensive eval-uation to evaluate water electrolysis hydrogen and hydrogenation production station and natural gas reformation hydrogen production and hydrogenation station.The results show that hydrogen producing by water electrolysis is more efficient than natural gas reformation in hydrogen production and hydrogenation station,and it should be choose firstly.Furthermore,natural gas reformation hydrogen producing is inferior in technology,environment and safety,but it is superior to water electrolysis hydrogen producing in economy.In the future,we can strengthen development of the hydrogen production from renewable energy sources,so as to enhance the economic benefit of that by water electrolysis.In addition,we can also adopt two ways of hydrogen production in hydrogen production and hydrogenation station to achieve favorable integrative benefits.

Overview of hydrogen-resistant alloys for high-pressure hydrogen environment:on the hydrogen energy structural materials

With the progressive expansion of hydrogen fuel demand,hydrogen pipelines,hydrogen storage cylinders and hydrogen refuelling stations(HRSs)are the primary components of hydrogen energy systems that face high-pressure hydrogen environments.Hydrogen embrittlement(HE)is a typical phenomenon in metallic materials,particularly in the high-pressure hydrogen environment,that causes loss of ductility and potentially catastrophic failure.HE is associated with materials,the service environment and stress.The primary mechanisms for explaining the HE of materials are hydrogen-enhanced decohesion,hydrogen-induced phase transformation,hydrogen-enhanced local plasticity,adsorption-induced dislocation emission and hydrogen-enhanced strain-induced vacancy.To reduce the risk of HE for metallic structural materials used in hydrogen energy systems,it is crucial to reasonably select hydrogen-resistant materials for high-pressure hydrogen environments.This paper summarizes HE phenomena,mechanisms and current problems for the metallic structural materials of hydrogen energy systems.A research perspective is also proposed,mainly focusing on metal structural materials for hydrogen pipelines,hydrogen storage cylinders and hydrogen compressors in HRSs from an application perspective.

Development of fuelling protocols for gaseous hydrogen vehicles:a key component for efficient and safe hydrogen mobility infrastructures

Large-scale applications of fuel-cell vehicles(FCVs)are of vital importance to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases in the transportation sector,especially in the heavy-duty and long-distance scenarios.Efficient fuelling for the on-board gaseous hydrogen cylinders of an FCV is essential to achieve a fuelling experience that is comparable to that of traditional fossil-fuel-powered vehicles.However,the heating effect during refuelling leads to potential safety issues when the hydrogen temperature in the cylinder exceeds 85℃.Therefore,fuelling protocols are critical to ensure the efficiency and safety of the hydrogen mobility infrastructure.In this paper,the fuelling protocols for FCV vans and buses with type III cylinders were developed and the pre-cooling temperatures were optimized to minimize the energy consumption.Their performance was demonstrated with a 35-MPa hydrogen fuelling station.We found that FCV vans and buses can be safely refuelled in 3 or 5 minutes at a minimum,respectively,demonstrating a fuelling experience that is similar to that of traditional vehicles.

Energy Security Planning for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles in Large-Scale Events:A Case Study of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

Energy security planning is fundamental to safeguarding the traffic operation in large-scale events.To guarantee the promo-tion of green,zero-carbon,and environmental-friendly hydrogen fuel cell vehicles(HFCVs)in large-scale events,a five-stage planning method is proposed considering the demand and supply potential of hydrogen energy.Specifically,to meet the requirements of the large-scale events’demand,a new calculation approach is proposed to calculate the hydrogen amount and the distribution of hydrogen stations.In addition,energy supply is guaranteed from four aspects,namely hydrogen produc-tion,hydrogen storage,hydrogen delivery,and hydrogen refueling.The emergency plan is established based on the overall support plan,which can realize multi-dimensional energy security.Furthermore,the planning method is demonstrative as it powers the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics as the first“green”Olympic,providing both theoretical and practical evidence for the energy security planning of large-scale events.This study provides suggestions about ensuring the energy demand after the race,broadening the application scenarios,and accelerating the application of HFCVs.

Hydrogen station technology development review through patent analysis

This study is a review of hydrogen station patents using the Derwent Innovation system and also a secondary screening.This was undertaken by the researchers to better understand and identify hydrogen station trends.The review focuses on analyzing the developing trends of patent technologies associated with a hydrogen station.The results of the review indicated that the countries with the major distribution of patents were Japan,China,the USA and Europe.Japan is leading the developmental trajectory of hydrogen stations.The results of the analysis found the leading developers of these patented technologies are Kobe Steel,Nippon Oil,Toyota and Honda.Other active patent developers analyzed include Linde,Hyundai and Texaco.The review concludes with a suggestion that using a patent analysis methodology is a good starting point to identify,evaluate and measure the trend in hydrogen station commercial development.