An Integrated Hydrological Model for Water Balance Estimation in the Chirchik River Basin, Northern Uzbekistan

Accurate and detailed information of hydrological balance, and its dynamic nature is needed to develop strategies for sustainable use and management of water resources. In this concern, a fully integrated MIKE SHE model was developed to study the hydrological balance of the Chirchik River Basin, Uzbekistan. Parameters in the model were calibrated and simulated results were validated for the periods 2009-2011 and 2012-2013 in term of two observed hydrological parameters: streamflow rate and groundwater table. After the successful calibration of the parameters, the model produced quantitative results of the water cycle and provided better understanding of the surface and groundwater interactions. The results show that the hydrological balance is strongly dependent on the intensity of agricultural activity within the basin. An actual evapotranspiration was found as a main water loss element among the water transport components due to large-scale agricultural irrigation activities. This corresponds to 77% of the total water budget as an average. A satisfactory water balance simulation error was obtained after adjusting model parameters to basin environment.

Hydrological Impacts of Afforestation:A Case Study Based on Simulation of TOPOG in the Small Watershed of Caogou in Liupan Mountains,China

我国黄土高原的六盘山林区在过去30年中实施了大规模造林工程,景观格局发生了显著改变,并由此导致生态水文过程特征和功能的改变。本文选择泾河支流香水河的二级支流草沟小流域为研究对象,应用TOPOG模型对造林可能导致的景观变化及其造成的生态水文影响进行模拟预测,以期为六盘山地区正在进行的退耕还林植被建设提供科学指导。另外还探讨了应用该模型在研究区进行生态水文过程模拟的适用性以及存在的问题,提出了此模型未来可能作出改进的一些方面。初步情景模拟分析显示,在这一地区,华北落叶松人工林面积的增大如果以砍伐天然阔叶林和开垦灌丛的方式进行,将造成径流的减少,当落叶松林面积从11.5%增大到流域面积的58%,径流可减少28%。开垦灌丛还将引起径流波动加剧,降低水资源保证率。六盘山及其周边的山地林区作为干旱缺水的黄土高原重要水源地,景观规划中应该考虑到植被格局改变对径流量造成的影响,在水土保持和维持一定径流量这两个目标之间进行平衡,作出最优规划。