Mechanical behaviours of bedded sandstone under hydromechanical coupling

The combination of the dipping effect and hydromechanical(H-M)coupling effect can easily lead to water inrush disasters in water-rich roadways with different dip angles in coal mines.Therefore,H-M coupling tests of bedded sandstones under identical osmotic pressure and various confining pressures were conducted.Then,the evolution curves of stress-strain,permeability and damage,macro-and mesoscopic failure characteristics were obtained.Subsequently,the mechanical behaviour was characterized,and finally the failure mechanism was revealed.The results showed that:(1)The failure of the sandstone with the bedding angle of 45°or 60°was the structure-dominant type,while that with the bedding angle of 0°,30°or 90°was the force-dominant type.(2)When the bedding angle was in the range of(0°,30°)or(45°,90°),the confining pressure played a dominant role in influencing the peak strength.However,withinβ∈(30°,45°),the bedding effect played a dominant role in the peak strength.(3)With the increase in bedding angle,the cohesion increased first,then decreased and finally increased,while the internal friction angle was the opposite.(4)When the bedding angle was 0°or 30°,the“water wedging”effect and the“bedding buckling”effect would lead to the forking or converging shear failure.When the bedding angle was 45°or 60°,the sliding friction effect would lead to the shear slipping failure.When the bedding angle was 90°,the combination of the“bedding buckling”effect and shear effect would lead to the mixed tension-shear failure.The above conclusions obtained are helpful for the prevention of water inrush disasters in water-rich roadways with different dips in coal mines.

岩体结构面HM耦合分析的界面层模型

结构面对岩体力学性质、渗透特性及水力(HM)耦合过程起控制作用,其变形、渗流及HM耦合机制是岩体多场耦合研究的关键科学问题。从岩体HM耦合分析的角度,将结构面概化为界面层,采用张开度、刚度或Lame常数等参数表征界面层的几何特征及物理力学特性,研究界面层在法向应力作用下的闭合变形特性、压剪作用下的剪胀与剪缩演化规律以及变形与渗流耦合特性,建立考虑弹性、弹塑性及峰后力学特性的界面层变形模型,推导能考虑HM耦合效应的渗流广义立方定理及非饱和渗流模型。研究表明,基于界面层的结构面变形、渗流及HM耦合模型可以得到试验验证,模型参数可以通过简单的试验获得。采用界面层模型进行HM耦合研究使得变形与渗流分析建立在相同的物理模型基础上,有利于更好地揭示岩体HM耦合机制,提高多场耦合分析的可靠性。界面层模型不仅可应用于不连续介质的HM耦合分析,也可用于等效连续介质的HM耦合分析。

Hydromechanical behaviors of andesite under different stress states during fluid injection

Water reinjection into the formation is an indispensable operation in many energy engineering practices.This operation involves a complex hydromechanical(HM)coupling process and sometimes even causes unpredictable disasters,such as induced seismicity.It is acknowledged that the relative magnitude and direction of the principal stresses significantly influence the HM behaviors of rocks during injection.However,due to the limitations of current testing techniques,it is still difficult to comprehensively conduct laboratory injection tests under various stress conditions,such as in triaxial extension stress states.To this end,a numerical study of HM changes in rocks during injection under different stress states is conducted.In this model,the saturated rock is first loaded to the target stress state under drainage conditions,and then the stress state is maintained and water is injected from the top to simulate the formation injection operation.Particular attention is given to the difference in HM changes under triaxial compression and extension stresses.This includes the differences in the pore pressure propagation,mean effective stress,volumetric strain,and stress-induced permeability.The numerical results demonstrate that the differential stress will significantly affect the HM behaviors of rocks,but the degree of influence is different under the two triaxial stress states.The HM changes caused by the triaxial compression stress states are generally greater than those of extension,but the differences decrease with increasing differential stress,indicating that the increase in the differential stress will weaken the impact of the stress state on the HM response.In addition,the shear failure potential of fracture planes with various inclination angles is analyzed and summarized under different stress states.It is recommended that engineers could design suitable injection schemes according to different tectonic stress fields versus fault occurrence to reduce the risk of injection-induced seismicity.

Assessments of the effects of various fracture surface morphology on single fracture flow: A review

Natural rock joint permeability deviates from the classic fluid flow governing equations due to the inher-ent fracture surface roughness(i.e.,contact points,spatial correlation,matching,varying aperture,iso-lated voids,infilling material,tortuosity and channellings)and engineering disturbance such as excavations.To improve the accuracy of fracture permeability evaluation,many efforts have been made in analytical,experimental,and numerical methods.This study reviews the modified mathematical gov-erning equations of fluid flow and classifies them based on different influencing factors,such as friction factor,aperture,tortuosity,inertia,and various in situ stress effects.Various experimental and simulation techniques for the coupled normal-and shear-stress flow problems were assessed,and their advantages and disadvantages were also analysed.Furthermore,different surface roughness descriptions and their impacts on mechanical and hydraulic behaviours were discussed,followed by the potential research directions for fracture flow problems.

裂隙岩体水力等效连续介质中物理量的讨论

基于力学基本原理和等效原则．总结了裂隙岩体水力等效连续介质中一些物理量的定义。其中，从力的运动效果和对应应力状态性质两方面讨论了渗透作用力，证明了水力等效连续介质中渗透作用力运动效果等效的必然性和对应应力状态性质的一致性。

裂隙岩体水力特征数值模拟试验的初步结果

本文利用文献中的数据进行数值模拟试验，结果表明：流量等效和渗透作用力变形效果等效互不包容；不同级别结构面体系难以用连续介质方法处理，同级别结构面体系在工程作用力变化范围内，可由其静态水力特征推演动态特征；工程岩体结构面间充分连通的假设过于粗糙，常规试验手段获取的量值倾向于局部特征的反映。