Cold Model Study and Commercial Test on Novel Vapor-Liquid Distributor of Hydroprocessing Reactor

A novel vapor-liquid distributor was developed on the basis of sufficient study on the existing distributors applied in hydroprocessing reactors. The cold model test data showed that the fluid distribution performance of the novel vapor-liquid distributor was evidently better than the traditional one. Com- mercial tests of the new distributor were carded out in the 300 kt/a gas oil hydrotreating reactor at SINOPEC Changling Branch Company, showing that the new vapor-liquid distributor could improve the fluid distribution, promote the hydrotreating efficiency and lead to better performance than the traditional one.

Green Oil Production by Hydroprocessing

Owning to GHG emissions control and prospective future of biofuel, it is encouraged to look for a shift to alternate industrial feedstock and green processes to produce these chemicals from renewable biomass resources. Besides hydrotreating bio-oil or crop oil to produce second generation bio-fuels, the bio-oil can be co-processed in various refining units and it also may lead to the production of green diesel, which is not only an opportunity but also a challenge for petroleum industry. Green oil or green diesel can be produced by co-processing renewable diesel with petroleum oil in present hydroprocressing unit. Many researches and works have been done on co-processing process and related catalyst in the hope of figuring out the mechanism and optimizing the co-processing technology with adding amounts vegetable oils or animal fats to the traditional petroleum refining process to produce green oil. This is a literature review about green oil production by hydroprocessing and co-processing.

Advanced characterization for industrial catalysis applications

The interplay between analytical technique and industrial practice has been central in the development of catalytic materials for processing petroleum. This article presents reviews of key aspects of two of the most important classes of catalytic materials: noble-metal Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on alumina, which are the basis of catalytic reforming;and layered sulfides of Mo and W, which catalyze hydrogenation and hetero-atom removal in hydroprocessing. The state of understanding of Pt cluster growth and resulting structures, as developed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and STEM, is reviewed. Influences of both Pt reduction temperature in hydrogen gas, and oxidizing pretreatment conditions prior to Pt reduction, are considered. Recent work by the present authors on Pt NP structure evolution is presented in the context of the previous work. A review is subsequently presented of layered sulfide based NPs, summarizing contributions from a range of analytical techniques. Work on active site structures of sulfide NPs is reviewed, focusing particularly on the critical interactions of active edge sites with sulfur and hydrogen in chemisorption, physisorption, and spillover interactions. New temperature programmed reduction (TPR) results are presented for supported and unsupported sulfide NPs. Structural changes in TPR of alumina-supported MoS2 are investigated using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and density functional theory modeling, and are determined to arise from removal of identifiable edge-site sulfur species.

Hydrogen spillover in nonreducible oxides:Mechanism and catalytic utilization

Hydrogen(H)spillover in nonreducible oxides such as zeolites and Al2O3 has been a highly controversial phenomenon in heterogeneous catalysis.Since industrial catalysts are predominantly prepared using these materials as supports,it is important to understand the mechanism and catalytic functions of H spillover on their surfaces.In the past decade,fundamental studies on zeolite-encapsulated metal catalysts have revealed that H spillover and reverse spillover can be utilized in the design of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysts with improved properties.Both experimental and theoretical studies have indicated that H spillover can occur in nonreducible oxides when they possess substantial acid sites that aid the surface migration of active H.In the present review,we will discuss the possible mechanisms of H spillover in nonreducible oxides and the unique opportunities of using this phenomenon for the design of advanced hydroprocessing catalysts.