Proteomics Study of Benzene Metabolite Hydroquinone Induced Hematotoxicity in K562 Cells

Objective Hydroquinone(HQ),one of the phenolic metabolites of benzene,is widely recognized as an important participant in benzene-induced hematotoxicity.However,there are few relevant proteomics in HQ-induced hematotoxicity and the mechanism hasn’t been fully understood yet.Methods In this study,we treated K562 cells with 40μmol/L HQ for 72 h,examined and validated protein expression changes by Label-free proteomic analysis and Parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and performed bioinformatics analysis to identify interaction networks.Results One hundred and eighty-seven upregulated differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)and 279 downregulated DEPs were identified in HQ-exposed K562 cells,which were involved in neutrophilmediated immunity,blood microparticle,and other GO terms,as well as the lysosome,metabolic,cell cycle,and cellular senescence-related pathways.Focusing on the 23 DEGs and 5 DEPs in erythroid differentiation-related pathways,we constructed the network of protein interactions and determined 6 DEPs(STAT1,STAT3,CASP3,KIT,STAT5B,and VEGFA)as main hub proteins with the most interactions,among which STATs made a central impact and may be potential biomarkers of HQ-induced hematotoxicity.Conclusion Our work reinforced the use of proteomics and bioinformatic approaches to advance knowledge on molecular mechanisms of HQ-induced hematotoxicity at the protein level and provide a valuable basis for further clarification.

HQEE改性PCL基形状记忆聚氨酯的制备

聚(ε-己内酯)(PCL)是一种半结晶性聚合物,由于其具有良好的可降解性和形状记忆性能,PCL的改性被广泛关注和研究。通过分子交联的方式将氢醌-双(β-羟乙基)醚(HQEE)引入一种具有树枝状拓扑结构的PCL基形状记忆聚氨酯。其中,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯作为固化剂、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)作为交联剂。用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析、X射线衍射光谱分析、热重分析、差示扫描量热分析和形状记忆性能分析表征所制备的形状记忆聚氨酯(SMPU)。分析结果表明,异氰酸酯(—NCO)活性基团全部参与反应,成功制备得到SMPU试样。所制备的SMPU均具有结晶性,且其结晶性能随扩链剂(HQEE和三甲基戊二醇)含量的升高而降低,热降解性能良好,在30.9~40.2℃范围内出现结晶/熔融峰,形状回复率均为100%,形状固定率和形状回复时间均随扩链剂含量的增大而减小。综合分析得到,试样SMPU-H2和SMPU-H3的结晶性能适中,表现出良好的形状记忆性能。其中,SMPU-H2和SMPU-H3的硬段含量分别为38.51%和46.39%,形状记忆转变温度分别为35.5,34.7℃。

TBHQ抗氧剂对全氟磺酸质子交换膜的耐久性影响

系统研究了一种低成本工业抗氧剂-特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)对全氟磺酸(PFSA)质子交换膜耐久性的影响,由于这种抗氧剂不会结合磺酸基造成质子传导能力损失,且迁移率低,因此有望在维持膜性能的同时提供优异的耐久性.首先通过流延法制备了PFSA/TBHQ复合膜,确定TBHQ最佳添加量为质量分数1%,膜的最适热处理温度为140℃,利用扫描电子显微镜、万能拉力试验机、热重分析仪、电化学工作站和燃料电池测试仪等多种仪器研究了膜的结构与性能.Fenton加速氧化性测试结果表明,降解24 h后复合膜的质子传导率比纯膜高45.1%;将膜制备成膜电极并利用开路电压保持法测试了膜电极的耐久性,结果表明,经过48 h的开路运行之后,复合膜的最大功率密度比纯膜高28.48%,同时膜电极寿命也显著提升.

Possible Role of DNA Polymerase beta in Protecting Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Against Cytotoxicity of Hydroquinone

Objective To explore the toxicological mechanism of hydroquinone in human bronchial epithelial cells and to investigate whether DNA polymerase beta is involved in protecting cells from damage caused by hydroquinone. Methods DNA polymerase beta knock-down cell line was established via RNA interference as an experimental group. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells and cells transfected with the empty vector of pEGFP-C1 were used as controls. Cells were treated with different concentrations of hydroquinone （ranged from 10 μmol/L to 120 μmol/L） for 4 hours. MTT assay and Comet assay [single-cell gel electrophoresis （SCGE）] were performed respectively to detect the toxicity of hydroquinone. Results assay showed that DNA polymerase beta knock-down cells treated with different concentrations of hydroquinone had a lower absorbance value at 490 nm than the control cells in a dose-dependant manner. Comet assay revealed that different concentrations of hydroquinone caused more severe DNA damage in DNA polymerase beta knock-down cell line than in control cells and there was no significant difference in the two control groups. Conclusions Hydroquinone has significant toxicity to human bronchial epithelial cells and causes DNA damage. DNA polymerase beta knock-down cell line appears more sensitive to hydroquinone than the control cells. The results suggest that DNA polymerase beta is involved in protecting cells from damage caused by hydroquinone.

Electrochemistry of Hydroquinone Derivatives at Metal and Iodine-modified Metal Electrodes

The difference in the electrochemical behavior of hydroquinone and pyrocatechol at platinum and gold surfaces was analyzed using voltammetry and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the hydroquinone derivatives are adsorbed on a gold surface with vertical orientation, which makes the electron transfer between the bulk species and the electrode surface easier than that in the case of flat adsorption of hydroquinone derivatives that occurs at a platinum electrode. The formation of the vertical conformation and the rapid process of electron transfer were also confirmed by quantum chemistry calculations. In addition, the pre-adsorbed iodine on the electrodes played a key role on the adsorbed configuration and electron transfer of redox species.

大井丛多层系立体开发钻井一体化设计技术在HQ802建产区的研究与应用

针对叠合建产区钻井一体化设计中遇到的技术难点问题,以优选的HQ802井区为例,从平台位置优选、地面槽口优化及钻井排序研究、井身剖面优选及轨道优化、防碰扫描及绕障设计四方面开展研究,顺利保障了多层系立体建产区17口三叠系定向井的安全快速施工,为油田钻采提效,高效建产提供了可靠的技术保障。

Selection of the Mutants with High Hydroquinone Degradation Ability of Serratia Marcesscen by Plasma Mutation

In this study, an efficient way by plasma induced mutation was applied to improve the hydroquinone degradation capacity of Serratia marcescens AB 90027 （SM27）. The results showed that combined with the selection of hydroquinone tolerance, the mutant with high hy- droquinone degradation ability induced by plasma could be achieved. The best dose for plasma mutation was 15 s, which showed a 47.0% higher positive mutation ratio. Besides, the aimed mutant was markedly different from the parent strain （SM27） in colonial traits while cultivated on Kings media. Finally, the hydroquinone degradation ratio reached 70.5~o using the induced mutant strain with 1500 mg/L hydroquinone （HQ） after 15 days of cultivation as the selective conditions; however, it was only 46.7% for SM27. The improvement of the degradation capacity by the induced mutant with a high concentration of HQ selection was attributed to its faster growth and higher hydroquinone tolerance compared with that of the parent strain.

Brain HQ视觉训练对淋巴瘤化疗相关认知障碍患者创伤后应激障碍、记忆功能及执行能力的影响

目的:探讨Brain HQ视觉训练对淋巴瘤化疗相关认知障碍患者创伤后应激障碍、记忆功能及执行能力的影响。方法:选取我科2020年6月—2021年6月收治的98例淋巴瘤化疗相关认知障碍患者作为观察对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各49例。对照组给予常规认知障碍干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予Brain HQ视觉训练,对比两组患者干预后创伤后应激障碍、记忆功能及执行能力变化。结果:干预后,观察组创伤后应激状况中创伤事件主观评定、社会功能受损评分低于对照组(P<0.05),其余维度及总分组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);记忆功能中即刻回忆、长时延迟回忆、再认及回忆正确总数高于对照组(P<0.05);执行能力中修订六元素、动作计划、动物园布图、规则转换卡片、找钥匙及总标准分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:Brain HQ视觉训练可通过激活神经活性、提高脑代谢水平等机制,有效提升记忆功能和执行能力,并在一定程度上改善创伤后应激状态。

Investigation of the oxidation of hydroquinone at the liquid/liquid interface

The oxidation of hydroquinone(QH_2) was investigated for the first time at liquid/liquid(L/L) interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).In this study,electron transfer(ET) from QH_2 in aqueous to ferrocene(Fc) in nitrobenzene (NB) was probed.The apparent heterogeneous rate constants for ET reactions were obtained by fitting the experimental approach curves to the theoretical values.The results showed that the rate constants for oxidation reaction of QH_2 were sensitive to the changes of the dri...

The First Total Synthesis of Triprenylquinone and Hydroquinones

First total synthesis of triprenylquinone and hydroquinones, three naturally occurringcompound 1, 2 and （±） 3, have been achieved from readily available 2-bromo-5-methyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene 4 and geranyl bromide. The triprenylquinone and hydroquinones precursor were readily prepared with use of a Julia reaction.

8-HQ插层铝合金MAO-LDHs复合膜的自修复行为研究

为进一步提高铝合金微弧氧化(MAO)膜的抗腐蚀能力,通过三步处理获得了MAO-LDHs/8-HQ复合膜,即制备基础MAO膜、负载铝镁水滑石(LDHs)和插层8羟基喹啉(8-HQ)。对三种膜的形貌与物相进行分析,并将三种膜破损后浸入3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中48 h,利用电化学工作站、SEM、EDS等设备与手段着重探讨了复合膜的抗腐蚀自修复行为。形貌表征与物相分析结果显示,基础MAO膜呈典型疏松多孔状;经水热合成后,铝镁LDHs呈片状结构负载在基础膜表面,将微孔完全封闭;插层处理后,HQ-进入LDHs层间,其SEM形貌无明显改变。电化学测试结果显示,MAO-LDHs/8-HQ复合膜、MAO-LDHs复合膜和MAO膜的自腐蚀电流密度分别为5.877×10^(-7)、2.262×10^(-6)和7.832×10^(-6)A/cm^(2),前者明显小于后两者;自腐蚀电位分别为-0.633、-0.611、-0.613 V,三者基本一致,这说明8-HQ的存在可以显著抑制MAO膜的腐蚀行为。经48 h盐浴腐蚀后,MAO-LDHs/8-HQ复合膜划痕处出现了富含HQ-特征元素(N)的花瓣状沉积物,该沉淀物附着在基体上。上述结果推测,破损后的复合膜在腐蚀环境下释放出HQ-并与基体中的Al 3+发生螯合反应形成沉积物,进而实现膜层的自修复。

An Estimation Study to Determine the Percentage of Hydroquinone Levels in situ Skin Lightening Creams Using GC-MS and HPLC Spectroscopic Instruments

Hydroquinone(HQ)is an phenolic aromatic compound used in cosmetic medicine as skin lightening material since long time ago.Accordingly the several pathological conditions that observed,the use of HQ for this purpose was recently contraindicated.The commonly noted health problem associated with hydroquinone use was contact dermatitis.The present study was designed and conducted to determine the HQ presence and concentrations in ten samples of skin lightening cosmetics available in the local market.GC-MS analysis was employed for detection of HQ qualitatively while HPLC analysis was used as a quantitative analysis for determination of the HQ concentrations in each sample.The results obtained indicated that the overall range of HQ levels in all respected samples ranged from 0.0039%to 0.14%.

盘管构型HQ管降噪特性及流动结构研究

在赫歇尔—昆克(Herschel-Quincke,HQ)管降噪理论基础上,提出了采用盘管构型降低HQ管占用空间的方法,并分析了管道降噪性能及相应流动的Lagrangian拟序结构。首先,针对给定模型,结合声模态理论和数值模拟,研究了HQ管管长以及管道宽度对降噪性能的影响规律,发现对于低频噪声,HQ管管道须达到一定的长度要求,并基于此确定了在给定模型条件下的HQ管参数;然后,利用此参数设计了盘管以及直管形式的3种HQ管结构,并进行了对比分析,结果表明,在长度一定时,直管与盘管平均噪声传递损失仅相差0.05 dB,而有限空间下直管平均噪声传递损失则由于管长降低而低于盘管0.41 dB;最后,结合有限时间李雅普诺夫指数(Finite-time Lyapunov exponent,FTLE)对HQ管中的流动结构进行了分析,发现了盘管条件下侧壁存在的分离区,通过FTLE识别出分离区的边界并相应调整了管道宽度,降噪效果恢复到与直管相当水平。综上,所提出的HQ管进行盘绕既可以有效地降低HQ管占用空间,又能保证HQ管降噪性能。盘管对流动结构产生的影响,可以在保证降噪效果的前提下进一步通过HQ管宽度进行调控。

Chemical analysis of hydroquinone and retinoic acid contents in facial whitening creams

Hydroquinone is potentially carcinogenic and is known to be a skin and respiratory irritant.Hydroquinone is carcinogenic it has been banned in some countries because of fears of a cancer risk[1,2].Animal studies have shown that topically applied retinoic acid can be photocarcinogenic[3].The aim of this study was qualitative and quantitative determination of hydroquinone and retinoic acid contents in facial whitening creams by colour reaction tests,FT-IR after TLC separation and HPLC.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Candidate Plant Growth-Related and Time-Keeping Constitutive Cell Surface Hydroquinone (NADH) Oxidase (ENOX1) from <i>Arabidopsis lyrata</i>

ENOX (ECTO-NOX) proteins are proteins of the external surface of the plasma membrane that catalyze oxidation of both NADH and hydroquinones as well as carry out protein disulfidethiol interchange. They exhibit both prion-like and time-keeping (clock) properties. The oxidative and interchange activities alternate to generate a regular period of 24 min in length. Here we report the cloning, expression, and characterization of a plant candidate constitutive ENOX (CNOX or ENOX1) protein from Arabidopsis lyrata. The gene encoding the 335 (165) amino acid protein is found in accession XP-002882467. Functional motifs characteristics of ENOX proteins previously identified by site-directed mutagenesis and present in the candidate ENOX1 protein from plants include adenine nucleotide and copper binding motifs along with essential cysteines. However, the drug binding motif (EEMTE) sequence of human ENOX2 is absent. The activities of the recombinant protein expressed in E. coli were unaffected by capsaicin, EGCg, and other ENOX2-inhibiting substances. Periodic oxidative activity was exhibited both with NAD(P)H and reduced coenzyme Q as substrate. Bound copper was necessary for activity and activity was inhibited by the ENOX1-specific inhibitor simalikalactone D. Addition of melatonin phased the 24-min period such that the next complete period began 24 min after the melatonin addition as appeared to be characteristic of ENOX1 activities in general. Periodic protein disulfide-thiol interchange activity also was demonstrated along with the 2 oxidative plus 3 interchange activity pattern characteristics of the 24-min ENOX1 protein period. Concentrated solutions of the purified plant ENOX1 protein formed insoluble aggregates, devoid of enzymatic activity, resembling amyloid. Activity was restored to aggregate preparations by isoelectric focusing.

Qualitative and Quantitative Estimation of Hydroquinone in Skin Whitening Cosmetics

Hydroquinone has been used for decades as a skin lightening agent. Its use in cosmetics has been banned as a result of skin problems including contact dermatitis and ochronosis. A total of 22 samples of different skin whitening cosmetics were collected from local market. They were analyzed by using thin layer chromatography and HPLC for qualitative and quantitative determination of their hydroquinone contents. The hydroquinone was extracted from samples by using 96% ethanol and was subjected to TLC analysis. Eleven out of 22 samples were found to contain hydroquinone. The HPLC analysis showed the concentration of hydroquinone ranged from 0.002% to 0.092% in the cosmetic samples.

Assessment of Using Cosmetics Containing Hydroquinone among Sudanese Women

Many countries in the world wide banned hydroquinone in cosmetics skin lightening but it is still used in most of Africa countries, including Sudan. Few studies were carried out on the side effect of hydroquinone on Sudanese women. Therefore, the present study was carried out in Khartoum state in April to May/2014 to assess the awareness of Sudanese women about using hydroquinone and its probable risks. The results revealed that, highly using cosmetics containing hydroquinone by women aged between 20 - 29 years (78.3%) as well as by those classified as single (69.6%). The results also showed that the highest percentage of women was using it during evening (81.2%) and a high percentage of them was using it for skin lightening (65.2%), followed by elimination acne (20.3%) and about 10.1% for both skin lightening and elimination of acne and very little (4.3%) for freckle elimination. Moreover, the results showed a very high percentage of women (94.2%) used the chemical without being prescribed by doctors and about (85.5%) of them didn’t know its nature and risks on human health. Consequently, (50.7%) of women have had sides effects, (44.9 %) used more than one and (44.1%) used it regularly. In addition, the results revealed that a wide range of products of this chemical was available in local market with amalico (34.8%) being highly used. The study can conclude that the awareness of Sudanese women about this compound was poor and needs to be raised by health authorities.

One-Pot Process of Naphthoquinones Synthesis from Hydroquinone in the Presence of Solutions of Mo-V-P Heteropolyacids as Bifunctional Catalysts

1,4-Naphthoquinones (NQ) is a class of organic compounds with a number of important properties. However, the existing methods of their synthesis either give a low NQ yield or multistage and require a lot of time. In the present work new one-pot process of NQ synthesis from hydroquinone (HQ) and substituted 1,3-dienes at room temperature is proposed. The solution of heteropolyacid H7PMo8V4O40 (HPA-4) is used as a bifunctional (acid and redox) catalyst for this process. The influence of a number of factors on key process parameters has been studied. It is demonstrated that unsubstituted and a number of alkyl substituted NQ with the yields of 50% - 80% and purity of 92% - 99% can be obtained by this method. The results obtained allow to significantly simplify the synthesis of NQ directly from HQ in comparison with the described similar methods.

Combination (5% Hydroquinone, 0.1% Tretinoin and 1% Hydrocortisone) Cream in Treating Facial Hyperpigmentation: A Retrospective Patient Satisfaction Survey

Background: Melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation provide a significant source of psychosocial morbidity, especially in those with Fitzpatrick skin types III-VI. In Europe, a proprietary product aimed at treating these conditions, similar to Kligman’s formula but with a longer expiry date, has become available. Objectives: To assess patient satisfaction with a newly available combination de-pigmenting preparation. Methods: We conducted a small study to see if patients felt that this new product affected their quality of life and skin symptoms from hyperpigmentation. 41 subjects, who had all been prescribed a 15 g tube to use sparingly at night for 90 days within the last 12 months were telephoned to rate the effect the cream had on their quality of life and skin symptom improvement. Each patient also had their Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score assessed. Results: Out of the 29 patients who responded to the study, 22 had melasma and 7 had post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation from acne. 21 subjects felt that the cream made either a marked or moderate improvement on their quality of life and 23 subjects felt that the cream made either a marked or moderate improvement on their skin symptoms. Conclusion: Patients reported improvement in both hyperpigmentation and quality of life, suggesting a high level of satisfaction with treatment. The long shelf life of the product may also promote compliance and reduce health-care costs.

Removal from Water and Adsorption onto Natural Quartz Sand of Hydroquinone

Hydroquinone (HQ) is the most important hydroxy aromatic compound which is produced on a large scale. Understanding its fate in the environment is therefore of primary importance to prevent its migration in the soil and/or the contamination of the aquatic ecosystems. Here we present a column based method to investigate the physicochemical processes controlling the removal from the aqueous phase and the adsorption onto natural quartz sand (NQS), of organic pollutant such as HQ molecules. We will focus on the interactions that occur between the organic pollutant and the NQS substrate. Thus, column reactors filled with NQS were used to investigate the influence of physicochemical parameters such as the ionic strength, the pH, the flow rate, and the nature of the electrolyte cation, on the HQ adsorption from water onto NQS substrate. The data indicate that, when divalent instead of monovalent cations, are present in the effluent water injection phase, and/or when the ionic strength of the effluent increases, the adsorbed HQ amount decreases. Similar decrease of the adsorbed HQ amount was also observed, at constant ionic strength, by increasing either, the pH from 3 to 9, the flow rate Q from 1 to 3 ml·mn-1, or by decreasing the HQ initial concentration, C0 from 30 to 6 mg·L-1. Further, large amount of the organic pollutant (up to 93 wt% of HQ molecules) was removed from the effluent water phase by using NQS column. The overall data seem to indicate that the adsorption of HQ molecules on the NQS surface is mainly controlled by electrostatic interaction forces occurring between the organic molecule polar groups and the inorganic matrix silanol groups.