Types of uranium deposits in central Zhuguang Mountains in Hunan Province,South China and their metallogenic regularity and prospecting directions

The central Zhuguang Mountains in Hunan Province is located at the junction of the three provinces,namely Hunan,Jiangxi,and Guangdong,where the famous Lujing uranium ore field lies.The uranium deposits occurring in this area are all granite-related and they can be divided into three types,namely endogranitic ones,perigranitic ones,and contact zone types.The endogranitic uranium deposits are mainly controlled by the structural alteration zones developing within granites,with fragmentation,hematitization,and alkali metasomatism as their main mineralization characteristics.The perigranitic uranium deposits are mainly produced in the carbonaceous,siliceous,and argillaceous composite layers of epimetamorphic rocks and are controlled by fractured zones formed due to interlayer compression.The contact zone type uranium deposits mainly occur in the contact parts between the granites and favorable horizons.They have developed in favorable sections where multiple sets of structures are combined and intersected.The main metallogenic regularities of uranium in the central Zhuguang Mountains are as follows.The basic conditions for the uranium mineralization in this area include the framework consisting of regional deep large faults and their associated multi-set multi-direction favorable metallogenic structures,multi-cycle and multi-stage uranium-rich rock masses,and uranium-rich folded basement.Meanwhile,the uranium deposits in this area are closely related to granites in terms of genesis and space and they are formed in different structural parts subject to the same metallization.Furthermore,based on the summary of the characteristics and regularities of uranium mineralization in this area,the controlling factors of different types of uranium deposits in the area were explored and six metallogenic target areas were predicted.All these will provide references for the exploration of uranium deposits in this area.

REE geochemical characteristics of the No. 302 uranium deposit in northern Guangdong, South China

The No. 302 uranium deposit, located in Guangdong Province, is a typical granite-type uranium ore deposit. REE geochemical characteristics of the wall rocks, pitchblende, altered rocks, calcite and fluorite from this deposit have been systematically studied in this paper. The result showed that the alkali-metasomatic granites and other altered rocks have the same REE distribution patterns as Indosinian granites. It is indicated that the hydrothermal ore-forming solution had altered the Indosinian granites, and ore-forming materials may directly originate from the Indosinian granites. Calcite and fluorite of different stages are the products derived from the same source but different stages. The evolution and degassing of the mineralizing solution might induce LREE enrichment to varying degree. Mantle fluid and a large volume of mineralizer may be the crucial factors controlling uranium mineralization, and the hydrothermal solution with mineralizer played an important role in U transport and concentration. Meanwhile, the degassing of CO2 might promote U and REE precipitation.

Hydrothermal alteration processes in the giant Dahutang tungsten deposit, South China: Implications from litho-geochemistry and mass balance calculation

The giant Dahutang tungsten(W)deposit has a total reserve of more than 1.31 Mt WO3.Veinlet-disseminated scheelite and vein type wolframite mineralization are developed in this deposit,which are related to Late Mesozoic biotite granite.Four major types of alterations,which include albitization,potassic-alteration,and greisenization,and overprinted silicification developed in contact zone.The mass balance calculate of the four alteration types were used to further understanding of the mineralization process.The fresh porphyritic biotite granite has high Nb,Ta,and W,but low Ca and Sr while the Jiuling granodiorite has high Ca and Sr,but low Nb,Ta,and W concentrations.The altered porphyritic biotite granite indicated that the Nb,Ta,and W were leached out from the fresh porphyritic biotite granite,especially by sodic alteration.The low Ca and Sr contents of the altered Neoproterozoic Jiuling granodiorite indicate that Ca and Sr had been leached out from the fresh granodiorite by the fluid from Mesozoic porphyritic biotite granites.The metal W of the Dahutang deposit was mainly derived from the fluid exsolution from the melt and alteration of W-bearing granites.This study of alteration presents a new hydrothermal circulation model to understand tungsten mineralization in the Dahutang deposit.

MODELING OF THE PALEOGEOTHERMAL FIELD AND ANALYSIS OF THE HEAT SOURCE FOR THE XIANGSHAN URANIUM ORE-FORMING HYDROTHERMALSYSTEM, EAST CHINA

Through the finite-element modeling. a quantitative analysis of paleogeothermal evolution after the main volcanic eruption at Cretaceous period for the Xiangshan uranium ore-field. East China. has been presented. Researches reveal that the energy from the volcanic lava could affect the geothermal field for only three million years after their eruption. and could not provide heat for the Xiangshan uranium ore-foming hydrothermal system because the time gap between the volcanic activities and the uranium mineralizations is longer than 40 million years. The evidences show that the heat energy for the ore-forming system came from anomalously high paleogeothermal gradient in the study area during the mineralization period.

液压成因含矿构造主要特征——以华南热液钨矿和铀矿为例

液压致裂是整个地壳−岩石圈范围内一种重要的变形破裂方式,也是一些热液矿床的重要含矿构造。通过分析液压致裂构造的形成机制和液压成因含矿构造的类型(液压致裂型和液压撑开型),以华南地区典型热液钨、铀矿为例,基于野外精细调查,明确了包括石门寺钨矿、行洛坑钨矿和邹家山铀矿等的液压成因含矿构造的基本特征。新生性液压致裂含矿构造的主要特征表现为形态复杂(有弧形、分叉树枝形、放射状、菊花形和蟹腿状等)、规模较小、宏观力学性质以张性破裂为主、走向和倾向多变、方向性不明显、仅局部区域发育优势方位、常伴生有热液隐爆角砾岩;因此,可以从弧形分叉或不规则形态、总体较小规模、产状多向性、分布不均匀性和伴生热液隐爆角砾岩这5个标志来识别液压致裂含矿构造。对比分析液压致裂含矿构造与应力致裂含矿构造的差异认为,液压致裂含矿构造发育比较局限,而液压撑开型含矿构造相对普遍,热液蚀变分带与该含矿构造是液压致裂还是应力致裂无明显相关性;压性成因构造在成矿期表现出的张性力学性质有些是成矿流体超压作用的结果,而并非区域构造应力场的改变;液压致裂导致的断裂末端的扩展破裂与成矿流体的耦合作用为成矿末端效应的构造控制机制。

Research on ΣCO_2 Source in Ore-forming Hydrothermal Solution of Granite-Type Uranium Deposit, South China

Multi-constraints are used in this paper to discuss the ΣCO2 source in oreforming hydrothermal solution of granite-type uranium deposit in South China. The studies show that highly acidic and uraniferous granitic magma cannot produce the fluid rich in ΣCO2. Controlled by three periods of crust extension and corresponding to three major periods of U-mineralization in South China respectively, the ΣCO2 in each ore-forming hydrothermal solutions is all mantle-derived. Our studies reasonably explain why the mineralization did not occur immediately after the end of differentiation of the granitic magma rich in uranium, and why the ore-forming time of granite-type uranium deposit focuses on the time of crust extension after the formation of the uraniferous granites.

Sea-level changes and hydrothermal sedimentary mineralization of large-superlarge ore deposits among Sinian to Triassic in South China

Among the Sinian to Triassic strata in South China, the stratiform, quasi-stratiform and lenticular metallic deposits in association with hydrothermal sedimentation mainly occur in the four periods: (1) the Sinian Datangpo interglacial period, (2) the early period of Early Cambrian, (3) the late period of Middle Devonian to early period of Late Devonian,and (4) the late period of Early Permian. The four mineralization periods all happened around the maximum flooding period in the third-order seal-level cycle during the ascending stage in the first-order sea-level cycle. The deep seawater layer, starved and non-compensatory basin, low sedimentary rate, and low energy and anoxic environment during the maximum flooding period are very suitable for the formation and preservation of large to superlarge hydrothermal sedimentary deposits. The maximum flooding period also coincided with the intensified regional tectonism, extensive deep magmatism and hydrothermal sedimentation, which provide, for the formation of large to superlarge hydrothermal sedimentary deposits through the rapid accumulation of hydrothermal sediments, the needed dynamics, ore-forming materials and favorable passway for hydrothermal fluids to enter the basin.

Structural control on uranium mineralization in South China: Implications for fluid flow in continental strike-slip faults

South China is the most important uranium producer in the country. Much of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic geology of this area was dominated by NNE-trending intracontinental strike-slip faulting that resulted from oblique subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate underneath the eastern China continent. This strike-slip fault system was characterized by transpression in the early-mid Jurassic and by transtension from the latest Jurassic through Cretaceous to early Tertiary. Most uranium ore deposits in South China are strictly fault-hosted and associated with mid-late Mesozoic granitic intrusions and volcanic rocks, which formed under transpression and transtension regimes, respectively. Various data demonstrate that the NNE-trending strike-slip faults have played critical roles in the formation and distribution of hydrothermal uranium deposits. Extensive geochronological studies show that a majority of uranium deposits in South China formed during the time period of 140-40 Ma with peak ages between 87-48 Ma, coinciding well with the time interval of transtension. However, hydrothermal uranium deposits are not uniformly distributed along individual strike-slip fault. The most important ore-hosting segments are pull-apart stepovers, splay structures, extensional strike-slip duplexes, releasing bends and fault intersections. This non-uniform distribution of ore occurrences in individual fault zone reflects localization of hydrothermal fluids within those segments that were highly dilational and thus extremely permeable. The unique geometric patterns and structural styles of strike-slip faults may have facilitated mixing of deeply derived and near-surface fluids, as evidenced by stable isotopic data from many uranium deposits in South China. The identification of fault segments favorable for uranium mineralization in South China is important for understanding the genesis of hydrothermal ore deposits within continental strike-slip faults, and therefore has great implications for exploration strategies.

Timing of Uranium Mineralization and Geological Implications of Shazijiang Granite-Hosted Uranium Deposit in Guangxi, South China: New Constraint from Chemical U-Pb Age

Miaoershan (MES ) 铀矿石地是在中国的最重要的铀来源，之一和许多另外的招待花岗石的铀存款在华南招待最大的 Chanziping carbonaceous-siliceous-pelitic 岩石类型铀存款。Shazijiang (SZJ ) 铀存款是 MES 铀矿石地里的代表性的招待花岗石的铀存款之一，位于 Ziyuan， Guangxi 省，华南。在 SZJ 存款的铀矿化作用主要与空间地在这个区域与 mafic 女同性恋被联系的石英和方解石静脉作为沥青铀矿发生。热水的改变包括 silicification，碳酸饱和和 hematitization。新沥青铀矿化学药品 U-Pb 地球年代学和 petrographic 证据提供预定限制和新卓见进 SZJ 铀存款的形成。第一铀矿化作用上演的结果表演在 97.5 湯漠 ? 桴 ? 敚慤杮愠摮 ? 潵畢慳瀠牥摩瑯瑩獥椠 ? 潣獮獩整瑮眠瑩 ? 潢桴愠祢獳污愠摮猠'T 畤瑣潩 ?

华南花岗岩型铀矿成矿作用及成矿预测

华南是我国花岗岩型铀矿主要产地。通过对华南地区不同类型花岗岩型铀矿区域地质背景、成矿作用特征、铀成矿机理以及控矿因素的综合分析,认为华南不同类型花岗岩型铀矿床成矿作用具有相似性,铀成矿具有多期、多阶段特征,成矿物质铀主要来自富铀基底和花岗岩,成矿流体具有壳源和幔源流体成分。花岗岩型铀矿属于深源地幔流体和大气降水共同参与的复成因成矿作用的产物,断裂构造是最关键的控矿因素,受控于中新生代岩石圈伸展作用。在此基础上,构建了华南地区区域铀成矿模式和预测评价模型,预测了重点地区富大铀矿成矿远景区4片,基于GOCAD软件开展了书楼丘、鹿井、沙子江矿床三维地质模型构建和深部铀成矿预测,实现了“定型、定位、定深、定量”预测,为华南地区下一步铀矿找矿工作部署提供了科学依据。

华南地区热液铀矿床成矿潜力的构造扩散模型研究

华南地区是我国重要的铀成矿区,特别是中新生代强烈的岩浆活动形成了众多的花岗岩型和火山岩型等热液铀矿床。本文运用构造扩散模型对华南地区花岗岩型铀矿床和火山岩型铀矿床的潜在资源量进行了分析与评估。构造模型从地壳构造运动的角度出发,引入折返速率、侵蚀速率、矿床形成速率等参数,利用矿床的年龄‒频率分布以及形成深度来模拟U元素在地壳中的迁移,从而预测矿床的资源量。研究结果表明,华南地区具有潜在的热液铀矿床总数约459个,其中近地表约86个,0.5~1 km深处约348个,1~2 km深处约25个。铀矿床主要集中在0.5~1 km深度,占矿床总数的75.8%,其潜在花岗岩型和火山岩型热液铀矿总资源量达到数十万吨。该区还有较好的铀矿找矿潜力,大多数矿床被剥蚀至地壳深度2 km以内,并且集中在地壳0.5~1 km深度内,应当要加强深部铀成矿理论研究与找矿工作。

华南白垩—第三纪地壳拉张与铀成矿的关系

华南是中国最重要的铀矿产区之一。按赋矿围岩的不同 ,该区主要产出花岗岩型、火山岩型和碳硅泥岩型 3类铀矿床。铀矿区都分布有比铀成矿超前形成的富铀岩石 ;铀矿床成矿热液中的水主要为大气成因地下水 ,成矿温度约为 1 2 0～ 2 5 0℃ ,成矿热液的δ1 3 C值主要为 - 4‰～ - 8‰ ,表明幔源CO2 参与了成矿作用 ;矿床的N(3 He) /N(4He)为 0 .1 0～ 2 .0 2Ra,显示成矿热液中大量幔源He的存在。这些铀矿床的成矿时代与赋矿围岩的岩性和时代无关 ,都集中在该区地壳受到强烈拉张因而断陷盆地广泛发育并伴有幔源基性岩浆活动 (基性脉岩、玄武岩 )的白垩—第三纪。研究表明 ,白垩—第三纪导致了地幔与地壳表层沟通的地壳拉张 ,把该区 3大类型的铀矿床串联成了一个有机的整体 :(1 )地壳拉张通过控制向大气成因的贫CO2 热液提供铀成矿必不可少的幔源CO2 ,而与铀成矿发生联系 ;(2 )同一机制形成的富CO2 热液浸取同一或不同铀源岩石中的铀并在不同围岩中成矿 ,形成了按赋矿围岩划分的各种矿床类型 (花岗岩型、火山岩型和碳硅泥岩型 )。

华南花岗岩型铀矿床成矿机理研究进展

本文介绍了华南花岗岩型铀矿床地质特征,系统总结了前人对其成矿热液来源、物质来源,铀的迁移沉淀机制、碱交代及花岗岩与成矿的关系等方面的研究成果。指出铀源体中的晶质铀矿及富铀矿物在深部相对还原的环境中被氧化而进入成矿热液中起主要作用的可能是大量幔源F和放射性衰变诱发产生的氧及碱交代溶蚀作用,热液中的大部分U6+主要被S2-和Fe2+等还原剂在浅部相对氧化的环境中还原成矿;给出了一种较简易的物质来源定量方法和铀成矿模式。

幔源挥发性组分参与302铀矿床成矿作用的氦同位素证据

对取自302铀矿床井下与沥青铀矿矿石共生的9件紫黑色萤石、肉红色方解石样品进行了流体包裹体的He同位素测定,3He/4He测定值为0.03～0.57 Ra(绝大部分在0.11～0.25 Ra之间),位于地幔与地壳的氦同位素值范围之间,显示成矿流体中的氦同位素具有壳、幔两个端元混合的特点,表明有大量幔源挥发性组分参与铀成矿作用。该矿床碳同位素值与流体包裹体证据均表明,地幔挥发性组分确实大规模参与了铀成矿作用。研究显示,几乎华南所有的热液铀矿床都形成于白垩纪—古近纪,且这些矿床的碳同位素组成均显示成矿流体中的矿化剂CO2来自地幔,暗示它们成矿时具有相似的成矿动力学背景:可能均与华南中-新生代岩石圈伸展作用所控制的幔源挥发性组分具有密切的关系。

中国东部中生代岩浆岩的时空分布及其与热液型铀矿的关系

中国东部中生代岩浆活动强烈,热液型铀矿分布广泛。空间上,自北而南可划分出大兴安岭、小兴安岭-长白山、冀北-辽西、大别山北缘、长江中下游、扬子陆块东南缘、武夷-云开、东南沿海8个火山-侵入岩带和沽源-红山子、青龙-兴城、庐枞-栖霞、赣杭、武夷山、桃山-诸广、郴州-钦州、湘中、雪峰山-摩天岭9个热液型铀成矿带以及满洲里-额尔古纳、扎兰屯、伊春、金寨、天目山5个铀成矿远景带;时间上,从早到晚可划分出250~230Ma、228~205Ma、195~175Ma、165~150Ma、145~130Ma、126~115Ma、110~100Ma、97~80Ma 8个不同时期的岩浆活动和早期深源高温、晚期浅源低温两个成矿系统,深源高温成矿系统可划分出11个矿床式,浅源低温成矿系统可划分出15个矿床式。勘查成果显示,热液型铀矿对岩浆岩的岩性岩相没有选择性,但与特定时期的岩浆岩有密切的关系,其中与花岗岩有关的热液型铀矿主要赋存在三叠纪花岗岩中,与火山岩有关的热液型铀矿主要赋存在早白垩世早期高钾钙碱性流纹岩-碱性粗面岩组合中,而且晚期高侵位小岩体或火山斑岩体的内、外接触带是有利的赋矿部位。

华南热液铀矿成矿作用若干问题探讨

华南地区基底铀背景值较高,区域热液铀矿形成于晚中生代-古近纪(K-E)的地壳拉张期。区内各类型热液铀矿床在成矿时代、温压条件、矿物组合及热液蚀变等方面有一定的共同特征,根据热液铀矿床的分布可划分为三大成矿带。铀成矿与伸展构造关系密切,且成矿流体、物质可能为不同来源;铀成矿期铀主要以碳酸铀络合物形式运移。

论华南喷流－沉积块状硫化物矿床

现代海底喷流－沉积硫化物矿床的发现极大地推动了海底热液成矿理论的发展，也大大地提高了对古代海底喷流块状硫化物矿床的研究水平。本文指出喷流－沉积是重要的成矿作用，提出喷流－沉积矿床是华南Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｎ、Ａｇ、Ａｕ等矿产资源的重要来源，形成了一批超大型矿床，并将华南许多曾被认为属夕卡岩型的矿床重新确认为喷流－沉积矿床。文章还论述了华南喷流－沉积块状硫化物矿床的特征、分类、时空分布及其成矿特点等问题，提出断裂拗陷带型喷流－沉积块状硫化物矿床是华南具有特色的类型。

南天山中、新生代造山作用与萨瓦甫齐铀矿床叠加富集效应

天山造山带中、新生代陆内造山过程对天山山间盆地和两侧盆地内的砂岩型铀矿有明显的控制作用。本文系统采集萨瓦甫齐铀矿床矿石样品,通过薄片镜下观察、α径迹放射性照相、电子探针和扫描电镜等多种技术手段,识别出萨瓦甫齐铀矿床三种矿化类型:含铀碎屑原生沉积型铀矿化、层间氧化带型铀矿化和由低温热液脉型铀矿化。三种铀矿化具有明显的先后形成顺序,原生沉积型铀矿化形成了矿区早期铀预富集,层间氧化带铀矿化构成了本区主要铀矿体,而晚期低温热液脉型铀矿化则是对前期铀矿体的叠加富集。结合南天山中、新生代造山作用指出,三叠纪隆升作用形成了萨瓦甫齐铀矿床原生沉积型铀矿化;始新世-渐新世相对稳定的构造环境形成了层间氧化带型铀矿化;中新世开始,伴随天山强烈褶皱造山,来自深部的造山热液改造了前期铀矿体,形成了低温热液脉型铀矿化叠加富集。

华南地区构造–岩浆活化与热液铀成矿的分形动力学

华南地区位于东亚壳体东南缘,包括东南地洼区和江南地洼区两个典型的华夏型地洼区,该区多阶段的复杂构造–岩浆演化形成了大量的花岗岩及断裂构造,并导致大量多因复成热液铀矿床的形成。这些花岗岩体、断裂构造及铀矿床的空间分布均具有分形特征。东南地洼区断裂构造的分维值为1.6800,明显大于江南地洼区的1.5939,显示前者更有利于热液铀成矿作用的发生。花岗岩体空间分布盒维数D总体上随其规模增大而增大,较大的周长–面积分形维数DPA会导致盒维数D增大,显示其构造–岩浆活动的复杂性增强。其中燕山晚期、燕山早期和印支期较大的D和DPA显示其更有利于热液铀成矿的发生。华南地区热液铀矿床空间分布盒维数为1.0254,明显小于两个不同构造区断裂构造空间分布的分维值,表明华南地区铀矿床的发育程度低于断裂。用元胞自动机模型对断裂和成矿演化进行模拟的结果表明,其分维值随时间逐渐增大,到中晚期断裂分维值增高至超过临界值后才有大规模成矿作用发生,成矿分维值显著增大。多阶段复杂的构造–岩浆活动的分形演化导致了华南地区多因复成热液铀成矿的分形分布。