Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology of Granite from the Xiazhuang Uranium Ore Field,South China:Implications for Exhumation History and Ore Preservation

Xiazhuang uranium ore field,located in the southern part of the Nanling Metallogenic Belt,is considered one of the largest granite-related U regions in South China.In this paper,we contribute new apatite fission track data and thermal history modeling to constrain the exhumation history and evaluate preservation potential of the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field.Nine Triassic outcrop granite samples collected from different locations of Xiazhuang Uranium ore field yield AFT ages ranging from 43 to 24 Ma with similar mean confined fission track lengths ranging from 11.8±2.0 to 12.9±1.9μm and Dpar values between 1.01 and 1.51μm.The robustness time-temperature reconstructions of samples from the hanging wall of Huangpi fault show that the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field experienced a time of monotonous and slow cooling starting from middle Paleocene to middle Miocene(~60-10 Ma),followed by relatively rapid exhumation in the late Miocene(~10-5 Ma)and nearly thermal stability in the Pliocene-Quaternary(~5-0 Ma).The amount of exhumation after U mineralization since the Middle Paleogene was estimated as~4.3±1.8 km according to the integrated thermal history model.Previous studies indicate that the ore-forming ages of U deposits in the Xiazhuang ore field are mainly before Middle Paleocene and the mineralization depths are more than 4.4±1.2 km.Therefore,the exhumation history since middle Paleocene plays important roles in the preservation of the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field.

MODELING OF THE PALEOGEOTHERMAL FIELD AND ANALYSIS OF THE HEAT SOURCE FOR THE XIANGSHAN URANIUM ORE-FORMING HYDROTHERMALSYSTEM, EAST CHINA

Through the finite-element modeling. a quantitative analysis of paleogeothermal evolution after the main volcanic eruption at Cretaceous period for the Xiangshan uranium ore-field. East China. has been presented. Researches reveal that the energy from the volcanic lava could affect the geothermal field for only three million years after their eruption. and could not provide heat for the Xiangshan uranium ore-foming hydrothermal system because the time gap between the volcanic activities and the uranium mineralizations is longer than 40 million years. The evidences show that the heat energy for the ore-forming system came from anomalously high paleogeothermal gradient in the study area during the mineralization period.

Types of uranium deposits in central Zhuguang Mountains in Hunan Province,South China and their metallogenic regularity and prospecting directions

The central Zhuguang Mountains in Hunan Province is located at the junction of the three provinces,namely Hunan,Jiangxi,and Guangdong,where the famous Lujing uranium ore field lies.The uranium deposits occurring in this area are all granite-related and they can be divided into three types,namely endogranitic ones,perigranitic ones,and contact zone types.The endogranitic uranium deposits are mainly controlled by the structural alteration zones developing within granites,with fragmentation,hematitization,and alkali metasomatism as their main mineralization characteristics.The perigranitic uranium deposits are mainly produced in the carbonaceous,siliceous,and argillaceous composite layers of epimetamorphic rocks and are controlled by fractured zones formed due to interlayer compression.The contact zone type uranium deposits mainly occur in the contact parts between the granites and favorable horizons.They have developed in favorable sections where multiple sets of structures are combined and intersected.The main metallogenic regularities of uranium in the central Zhuguang Mountains are as follows.The basic conditions for the uranium mineralization in this area include the framework consisting of regional deep large faults and their associated multi-set multi-direction favorable metallogenic structures,multi-cycle and multi-stage uranium-rich rock masses,and uranium-rich folded basement.Meanwhile,the uranium deposits in this area are closely related to granites in terms of genesis and space and they are formed in different structural parts subject to the same metallization.Furthermore,based on the summary of the characteristics and regularities of uranium mineralization in this area,the controlling factors of different types of uranium deposits in the area were explored and six metallogenic target areas were predicted.All these will provide references for the exploration of uranium deposits in this area.

REE geochemical characteristics of the No. 302 uranium deposit in northern Guangdong, South China

The No. 302 uranium deposit, located in Guangdong Province, is a typical granite-type uranium ore deposit. REE geochemical characteristics of the wall rocks, pitchblende, altered rocks, calcite and fluorite from this deposit have been systematically studied in this paper. The result showed that the alkali-metasomatic granites and other altered rocks have the same REE distribution patterns as Indosinian granites. It is indicated that the hydrothermal ore-forming solution had altered the Indosinian granites, and ore-forming materials may directly originate from the Indosinian granites. Calcite and fluorite of different stages are the products derived from the same source but different stages. The evolution and degassing of the mineralizing solution might induce LREE enrichment to varying degree. Mantle fluid and a large volume of mineralizer may be the crucial factors controlling uranium mineralization, and the hydrothermal solution with mineralizer played an important role in U transport and concentration. Meanwhile, the degassing of CO2 might promote U and REE precipitation.

Geology and mineralization of the supergiant Shimensi granitic-type W-Cu-Mo deposit(1.168 Mt)in northern Jiangxi,South China:A Review

The Shimensi deposit is a recently discovered W-Cu-Mo polymetallic deposit located in the Jiangnan porphyry-skarn W belt in South China.The deposit has a resource of 0.74×10^(6)t of WO_(3)accompanied by 0.4×10^(6)t Cu and 28000 t Mo and other useful components like Ga,making it one of the largest W deposits in the world.This paper is aimed to reveal the ore-controlling mechanisms of the Shimensi deposit,involving the role of the ore-related granites,the tectonic background for its formation,and the metallogenesis model.The systematic geological survey suggests multi-types of alteration are developed in the deposit,mainly including greisenization,potassic-alteration,sericitization,chloritization,and silicification.Drilling engineering data and mining works indicate that the Shimensi deposit consists of two main orebodies of I and II.Therein,the W resource has reached a supergiant scale,and the accompanied Cu,Mo,Au,Bi,Ga,and some other useful components are also of economic significance.The main ore-minerals consist of scheelite,wolframite and chalcopyrite.Disseminated mineralization is the dominant type of the W-Cu-Mo polymetallic orebodies,and mainly distributes in the inner and external contact zone that between the Neoproterozoic biotite granodiorite and the Yanshanian granites.The main orebody occurs at the external contact zone,and the pegmatoid crust near the inner contact zone is an important prospecting marker of the W mineralization.Of them,the disseminated W ores within the wall rock of the Neoproterozoic biotite granodiorite is a new mineralization type identified in this paper.Combining previous geochronological and isotopic data,we propose that the mineralization of the Shimensi deposit is closely related to the intruding of the Yanshanian porphyritic biotite granite and granite porphyry.Geochemical data suggest that the biotite granodiorite is rich in Ca and had provided a large amount of Ca for the precipitation of scheelite in this area.Thus,it is a favorable wall rock type for W mineralization.The Shimensi deposit belongs to granitic-type W polymetallic deposit related to post-magmatic hydrothermal,and the ore-forming fluid was initially derived from the Yanshanian magmas.

Rb-Sr isochron ages and significance of bimodal volcanic association in Baimianshi uranium ore-field, South China

1 Geologic background THE volcanic U-deposits are generally associated with felsic to intermediate volcanic rock and their sedimentary derivatives. However, uranium mineralization has been found to be spatially associated with thebasalt of bimodal volcanic associations in Baimianshi uranium ore field. Baimianshi uranium ore-field islocated in Baimianshi volcanic-sedimentary basin of south Jiangxi Province. The cover rocks of the basinconsist of a suite of bimodal volcanic-sedimentary sequences. Its basement rocks are two-mica granites ofBaimianshi rock body. The basalt of cover rocks is interbedded with arkoses in lower sequence, and rhyolite or rhyolitic tuff in upper sequence. Uranium minerals mainly occur as disseminations in the

华南地区热液铀矿床成矿潜力的构造扩散模型研究

华南地区是我国重要的铀成矿区,特别是中新生代强烈的岩浆活动形成了众多的花岗岩型和火山岩型等热液铀矿床。本文运用构造扩散模型对华南地区花岗岩型铀矿床和火山岩型铀矿床的潜在资源量进行了分析与评估。构造模型从地壳构造运动的角度出发,引入折返速率、侵蚀速率、矿床形成速率等参数,利用矿床的年龄‒频率分布以及形成深度来模拟U元素在地壳中的迁移,从而预测矿床的资源量。研究结果表明,华南地区具有潜在的热液铀矿床总数约459个,其中近地表约86个,0.5~1 km深处约348个,1~2 km深处约25个。铀矿床主要集中在0.5~1 km深度,占矿床总数的75.8%,其潜在花岗岩型和火山岩型热液铀矿总资源量达到数十万吨。该区还有较好的铀矿找矿潜力,大多数矿床被剥蚀至地壳深度2 km以内,并且集中在地壳0.5~1 km深度内,应当要加强深部铀成矿理论研究与找矿工作。

华南白垩—第三纪地壳拉张与铀成矿的关系

华南是中国最重要的铀矿产区之一。按赋矿围岩的不同 ,该区主要产出花岗岩型、火山岩型和碳硅泥岩型 3类铀矿床。铀矿区都分布有比铀成矿超前形成的富铀岩石 ;铀矿床成矿热液中的水主要为大气成因地下水 ,成矿温度约为 1 2 0～ 2 5 0℃ ,成矿热液的δ1 3 C值主要为 - 4‰～ - 8‰ ,表明幔源CO2 参与了成矿作用 ;矿床的N(3 He) /N(4He)为 0 .1 0～ 2 .0 2Ra,显示成矿热液中大量幔源He的存在。这些铀矿床的成矿时代与赋矿围岩的岩性和时代无关 ,都集中在该区地壳受到强烈拉张因而断陷盆地广泛发育并伴有幔源基性岩浆活动 (基性脉岩、玄武岩 )的白垩—第三纪。研究表明 ,白垩—第三纪导致了地幔与地壳表层沟通的地壳拉张 ,把该区 3大类型的铀矿床串联成了一个有机的整体 :(1 )地壳拉张通过控制向大气成因的贫CO2 热液提供铀成矿必不可少的幔源CO2 ,而与铀成矿发生联系 ;(2 )同一机制形成的富CO2 热液浸取同一或不同铀源岩石中的铀并在不同围岩中成矿 ,形成了按赋矿围岩划分的各种矿床类型 (花岗岩型、火山岩型和碳硅泥岩型 )。

华南花岗岩型铀矿床成矿机理研究进展

本文介绍了华南花岗岩型铀矿床地质特征,系统总结了前人对其成矿热液来源、物质来源,铀的迁移沉淀机制、碱交代及花岗岩与成矿的关系等方面的研究成果。指出铀源体中的晶质铀矿及富铀矿物在深部相对还原的环境中被氧化而进入成矿热液中起主要作用的可能是大量幔源F和放射性衰变诱发产生的氧及碱交代溶蚀作用,热液中的大部分U6+主要被S2-和Fe2+等还原剂在浅部相对氧化的环境中还原成矿;给出了一种较简易的物质来源定量方法和铀成矿模式。

幔源挥发性组分参与302铀矿床成矿作用的氦同位素证据

对取自302铀矿床井下与沥青铀矿矿石共生的9件紫黑色萤石、肉红色方解石样品进行了流体包裹体的He同位素测定,3He/4He测定值为0.03～0.57 Ra(绝大部分在0.11～0.25 Ra之间),位于地幔与地壳的氦同位素值范围之间,显示成矿流体中的氦同位素具有壳、幔两个端元混合的特点,表明有大量幔源挥发性组分参与铀成矿作用。该矿床碳同位素值与流体包裹体证据均表明,地幔挥发性组分确实大规模参与了铀成矿作用。研究显示,几乎华南所有的热液铀矿床都形成于白垩纪—古近纪,且这些矿床的碳同位素组成均显示成矿流体中的矿化剂CO2来自地幔,暗示它们成矿时具有相似的成矿动力学背景:可能均与华南中-新生代岩石圈伸展作用所控制的幔源挥发性组分具有密切的关系。

华南热液铀矿成矿作用若干问题探讨

华南地区基底铀背景值较高,区域热液铀矿形成于晚中生代-古近纪(K-E)的地壳拉张期。区内各类型热液铀矿床在成矿时代、温压条件、矿物组合及热液蚀变等方面有一定的共同特征,根据热液铀矿床的分布可划分为三大成矿带。铀成矿与伸展构造关系密切,且成矿流体、物质可能为不同来源;铀成矿期铀主要以碳酸铀络合物形式运移。

热液型铀矿空间定位的控制因素

通过对华南热液型铀矿与区域断裂构造、区域岩浆岩的时空关系、成因联系进行综合分析,笔者认为,中新生代断陷红色碎屑沉积盆地(简称断陷红盆)的控盆深源断裂构造、多期多阶段富铀岩浆活动中心联合控制了铀矿田的空间定位。铀成矿与晚白垩世区域拉张作用时间相耦合,区域铀成矿作用主要发生在晚白垩世,与导致断陷红盆形成的控盆深源断裂构造关系密切,控盆深源断裂构造为铀矿区域控矿构造。铀成矿与中生代多期富铀岩浆岩(火山岩和花岗岩)关系密切,富铀岩浆活动中心指示深部地壳存在铀的高场;来源于地幔的流体交代富铀地壳及岩浆岩,形成铀成矿流体,而富铀岩浆岩则成为热液型铀矿的主要围岩。

华南地区构造–岩浆活化与热液铀成矿的分形动力学

华南地区位于东亚壳体东南缘,包括东南地洼区和江南地洼区两个典型的华夏型地洼区,该区多阶段的复杂构造–岩浆演化形成了大量的花岗岩及断裂构造,并导致大量多因复成热液铀矿床的形成。这些花岗岩体、断裂构造及铀矿床的空间分布均具有分形特征。东南地洼区断裂构造的分维值为1.6800,明显大于江南地洼区的1.5939,显示前者更有利于热液铀成矿作用的发生。花岗岩体空间分布盒维数D总体上随其规模增大而增大,较大的周长–面积分形维数DPA会导致盒维数D增大,显示其构造–岩浆活动的复杂性增强。其中燕山晚期、燕山早期和印支期较大的D和DPA显示其更有利于热液铀成矿的发生。华南地区热液铀矿床空间分布盒维数为1.0254,明显小于两个不同构造区断裂构造空间分布的分维值,表明华南地区铀矿床的发育程度低于断裂。用元胞自动机模型对断裂和成矿演化进行模拟的结果表明,其分维值随时间逐渐增大,到中晚期断裂分维值增高至超过临界值后才有大规模成矿作用发生,成矿分维值显著增大。多阶段复杂的构造–岩浆活动的分形演化导致了华南地区多因复成热液铀成矿的分形分布。

华南中-新生代红盆与热液铀矿时空双重叠及其动力学探讨

华南中-新生代红盆与热液铀矿具有密切的关系。文章通过对中-新生代红盆的空间分布、沉积特征、形成条件、形成时代和演化特征的总结,研究了红盆与热液铀矿的空间、时间和成因联系,探讨了两者的动力学机制。研究认为,华南中-新生代红盆演化可划分为6个阶段:早白垩世晚期断陷沉积阶段、早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世早期抬升剥蚀阶段、晚白垩世早期断陷沉积阶段、晚白垩世中期抬升剥蚀阶段和晚白垩世晚期-古近纪坳陷沉积阶段、古近纪末萎缩封闭阶段;红盆与热液铀矿具有时空双重叠特征,两者在空间上共(伴)生、时间上重叠,其中3个拉张下陷沉积阶段与热液铀成矿3个主成矿期高度重合;两者都受区域控盆断裂带控制,都是在岩石圈减薄事件的构造背景下形成的,红盆参与了热液铀成矿作用,控盆深断裂带成为深部高温还原性含铀热液向上运移、浅部红层含铀淋滤流体向下运移的通道,两种流体在断裂带中混合,在物理化学条件急剧变化过程中,铀析出、富集成矿;两者是岩石圈伸展减薄事件作用于浅部地壳的两种地质作用形式,其共同的动力学机制为:受古太平洋俯冲作用变化的影响,地幔对流重建-软流圈物质的上涌填充,致使华南陆块发生岩石圈减薄事件。

华南某大型铀矿床成因新识

华南某大型铀矿床具典型的岩溶特征。研究发现矿石中铀主要以微脉浸染状沥青铀矿形式存在，沥青铀矿的晶胞参数ａ０＝５．４１６～５．４２８，含氧系数为２．３１～２．３４，属低、中温热液成因。矿床中出现一套低、中温热液矿物组合。测得成矿温度为１５０～１８１℃（均一法）。矿床中热水叠加改造特征明显，故建议称之为岩溶热造铀矿床，是一种特殊的新成矿类型。

华南印支期花岗岩与热液型铀矿研究进展

华南地区位于亚洲大陆东缘,区内广泛发育不同时代的花岗岩,是我国主要的铀矿产区。以该区域为研究对象,对其在印支期的花岗岩与热液型铀矿展开研究。通过对花岗岩与热液型铀矿的年代学研究,表明印支期花岗岩对铀成矿影响密切,成岩成矿存在巨大时差。进一步通过对热液来源及铀源、铀的迁移沉淀机制、铀矿床与花岗岩的关系及铀矿床成因等方面探讨华南花岗岩型铀矿的成矿机制,说明铀成矿过程中印支期花岗岩主要起到一个提供铀源的作用,并非铀成矿决定性作用。

热液型铀矿床可能的铀源——以俄罗斯斯特列措夫铀矿田为例

位于俄罗斯外贝加尔地区的斯特列措夫铀矿田为世界上最大的火山岩型铀矿田,也是俄罗斯最大的铀资源所在地。研究表明,斯特列措夫诸多铀矿床铀源主要源于组成破火山口地层大约1/3的强烈蚀变的流纹岩和由海西期黑云母花岗岩构成的破火山口基底。华南地区为我国重要的热液型铀矿床产地,斯特列措夫铀矿田铀源的研究对我国华南地区开展铀矿找矿勘探工作和成矿研究具有一定的指导意义。

华南花岗岩型铀矿成矿元素运移及沉淀机理研究综述

对热液成因脉型矿床为主的华南花岗岩型铀矿床成矿地质特征、含铀热液的流体来源、铀的迁移及沉淀机理研究状况进行了综述。含铀热液的大气降水是主要来源,次为幔源流体;铀的迁移形式和过程与铀在自然界的赋存状态有关,在含铀热液中铀主要以碳酸铀酰络合物和氟化铀酰络合物形式迁移,在氧逸度低的幔源流体中,铀可能以四价卤素元素络合物形式迁移;铀的沉淀与含铀热液物理-化学条件的改变有关,主要沉淀机制包括:温度和压力的快速降低、含铀热液浓缩作用及流体混合作用、幔源物质加入。对华南某一类型花岗岩型铀矿而言,可能是某一种沉淀机制发挥了主导作用,但这种沉淀机制不是惟一的,往往是多种沉淀机制相互叠加作用的结果。

华南印支期花岗岩与热液型铀矿研究主要进展

印支期花岗岩在华南有较广的分布,但由于此前多认为其成矿作用较弱,对于成岩及相应的成矿作用研究程度较低。近些年来,由于对华南花岗岩工作程度的逐步加深,印支期花岗岩的成岩成矿作用有了新的认识。根据相关文献的阅读和整理,对印支期花岗岩的成矿特点进行了总结:印支期花岗岩由于当时的受成矿构造背景、自身的岩石地球化学特征、成矿流体和铀的地球化学行为的特殊性这些限制,而不具有明显的直接成矿的能力。此外,印支期花岗岩又起到了初步富集成矿元素的作用。从整体来看,印支期花岗岩的成矿作用应是大规模成矿作用的一个重要的积累时期和演化阶段。