The global polyester resin dispersion market is expected to reach around USD 12K million by 2033

The global polyester resin dispersion market size is anticipated to reach a valuation of US$7,635.4 million by 2023.It is projected to witness a CAGR of 4.8%in the estimated time period from 2023 to 2033.A valuation of around US$12,200.7 million is predicted for the global market by 2033.

Preparation, morphology and mechanical properties of acrylate-modified polyurethane/unsaturated polyester resin graft-IPNs

Acrylate modified polyurethane resin was first synthesized, and interpenetrated with unsaturated polyester resin to form IPNs and gradient IPNs which cured at room temperature. The polymerization process was traced by an IR spectroscopy technique and the simultaneous interpenetrating techniques were determined. The morphology of these IPNs were estimated by TMA and TEM methods. The results indicated that large amount of interpenetrating and entanglement make T g linked up effectively, and domains between two phases can be in nanometre ranges, which changed with composition ratios. The mechanical properties results showed that IPNs varied from elastomeric to plastic materials. It was noteworthy that, with the introduction of modified groups and the formation of graft construction in IPNs, the miscibility in the systems was improved a lot. These further led to the improved mechanical properties of IPNs with elastomer reinforced and plasticizer toughened as well. The reinforced miscibility between the networks can apparently change mechanical property especially for the gradient ones when the materials are elongated.

Effect of Hyperbranched Polyester on Modification of Epoxy Resins Cured with Anhydride

The synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polyester （HBP） with different molecular weight are studied. The effect of HBP on the modification of epoxy resins cured with anhydride is mainly discussed. The characteristics of HBP and the morphologies of cured system are determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （NMR）, gel permeation chromatography （GPC） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The impact strength of cured system is detected and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） measurements were used to pursue the curing process. The investigation shows that HBP can improve the toughness by forming copolymer networks between epoxy resins, HBP and anhydride. Moreover, when the molecular weight of HBP is 1342g/mol the toughening effect is the best, and the changes of toughness are small with the increase of molecular weight of HBP to 3500 g/mol.

Synthesis of Antistatic Composite Based on Reaction Flame Retarding Unsaturated Polyester Resin

The synthesis of reaction flame retarding unsaturated polyester resin and the flame retarding mechanism are investigated.By taking the synthesis flame retarding unsaturated polyester resin as a base material,glass fibers as reinforced material,under the condition of adding graphite or carbon black respectively,the composites were manufactured.The flame retarding and antistatic properties are also studied.In the experiment,bromide-bearing flame retarding resin decomposed under a high temperature.Compound HBr was set out and retarded or stopped the flame.High concentration of HBr gas wall was formed between gas and solid phrases,which decreased flame.The results show that antistatic property of carbon black is higher than that of graphite.Adding a threshed value of 1% carbon black into composite,the antistatic property is at its highest value.

Characterization of Unsaturated Polyester Filled with Waste Coconut Shells, Walnut Shells, and Carbon Fibers

This study aims to evaluate the erosion behavior and the hardness of hybrid composites made of varying amounts of coconut shells,walnut shells,and carbonfibers dispersed in a polyester matrix.MINITAB(L16)Taguchi experiments were used to determine the optimal combination of parameters.In particular,an erosion device con-sisting of a motor with a constantflow rate of 45 L/min,a pump with a diameter of 40 mm,a nozzle with a dia-meter of 5 mm,and a tank made of“perspex glass”55 cm long,30 cm tall,and 25 cm wide was used.The tests were conducted by varying the sample-to-nozzle distance,the pattern angle,and the sand particle size.The results have revealed that the presence of 7.5%by weight of waste coconut shell,for conditions corresponding to 90°angle,sand size 425μm,stand distance 30 cm,gives the best wear resistance(3.04×10^(-5) g/g).Thefiller content and sand particle size affect the erosive rate,with the angle playing a secondary role.The distance between the sample and the nozzle has a weaker effect on erosive wear.The hardness results show that the models(UP-5%carbonfiber-2.5-3.5-4.5-5.5-6.5-7.5 wt.%waste coconut shell)give the best values for prayer compared to the samples(UP-5 wt.%carbonfiber-2.5-3.5-4.5-5.5-6.5-7.5 wt.%waste walnut shell).

Influence of Polyester Resin Treatment on Jute Fabrics for Geotextile Applications

In this study, jute woven fabrics (1 × 1 plain, twill, zigzag and diamond weave) were manufactured from 100% raw jute yarn. The fabric specimens were treated by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% unsaturated polyester resin where styrene monomer used as a solvent and 1% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) was used as initiator. Two bar pressure was applied for complete wetting of the fabric by a Padder and curing was done at 130?C for 10 minutes. The physico-mechanical characteristics of untreated and treated samples were examined and evaluated. It was revealed that moisture content (MC) and water absorbency of the treated specimens were decreased with the increase of resin percentage (%) in the fabrics. MC and water absorbency were maximum decreased up to 50.23% and 60.14% respectively by 25% resin treatment. On the other hand, bending length (BL), flexural rigidity (FR), flexural modulus (FM) and tensile strength (TS) were enhanced with the increase of resin percentage in the fabrics which resulted higher fabric stiffness. The maximum improvement of BL, FR, FM and TS were found to be 6.67%, 56.04%, 10.57% and 18.75% respectively in comparison to untreated sample. Soil degradation tests exhibited that 33.59% TS loss occurred for untreated specimens where only 8.04% loss of TS found for 25% resin treated one. Furthermore, jute based twill, zigzag and diamond fabrics were also treated by 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% resin, then measured their TS and compared with plain fabrics. It was revealed that plain fabrics have superior TS over other fabrics. It was also evident that TS enhanced for all the fabrics after resin treatment and maximum increase found for all the fabrics up to 25% resin treatment.

Structure and Properties of Modified Unsaturated Polyester Resin by Nano-TiO_2

The nano-TiO2/unsaturated polyester resin (referred to as nano-TiO2/UPR hereafter) was prepared with the 'reaction method', by which a chemical bond generated between nano-TiO2 and UP was inserted in the UP long chain. The performance of the nano-TiO2/UPR was determined by such a new structure. The research results showed that the reactivity of nano-TiO2/UPR is higher than that of UPR. The impact strength and bending strength of nano-TiO2/UPR are greatly enhanced as compared with that of UPR. Thermal resistance and dielectric property of nano-TiO2/UPR are the same as that of UPR.

Mechanism and Effectiveness of Reduction Action of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Reducer

The reduction action mechanism of unsaturated polyester resinreducer is analysed. The experimental results show that the activereducer bearing reactive functional group on the ends of moleculeseffectively lowers the curing shrinkage of unvaturated polyesterresin.

Mechanism of Reduction Action of Unsaturated Polyester Resin

The reduction action mechanism of the unsatrurated polyester resinreducer is analysed by the free space volume theory. Throughmeasuring the reduction magnitude in each phase of solidification,the authors predicted the rate of reduction is in concordance withthe results from experiments. From this we presented corre- spondingsolutions to different causes of the reduction action of theunsaturated polyester resin.

Improved flame resistance properties of unsaturated polyester resin with TiO2-MXOY solid superacid

Five SO4^2-/TiO2-MXOY solid super acids(SSA:Cu@Ti:SSA,Zr@Ti:SSA,Fe@Ti:SSA,Mn@Ti:SSA,Mo@Ti:SSA)were successfully prepared by sol-gel method,and its chemical structure and element content were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FHIR)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).Then,a compound flame retardant system containing SSA and ammonium polyphosphate/montmorillonite(AM)were was introduced into an unsaturated polyester resin(UPR)to enhance the flame retardance.The effect of SSA on the flammability and thermal stability of the UPR was evaluated by the limiting oxygen index(LOI),cone calorimeter te st(CCT)and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The LOI results showed that the flame retardance of the UPR composites was significantly improved with the addition of SSA.Moreover,their heat release rate(HRR),total heat release(THR),the smoke production rate(SPR)and CO and CO2 yield were much decreased.In addition,the initial decomposition temperature of UPR/AM/S SA was delayed,indicating that their thermal stability was increased,and the residual char of UPR/AM/SSA was also increa sed due to strong catalytic of SSA ability for esterification and dehydration.Furthermore,the microstructure of the residual char after combustion of the UPR composites was studied by the scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and it was found that the char layer structure was more continuous and dense after the addition of the SSA.In sum up,the synergistic effect between SSA and AM was the main factor for the great improvement of flame retardant of UPR composites.

Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composite Water Collector

The water collector is operated in the humid and hot environment of the cooling tower all the year round.It also needs to carry part of the weight of water and silt.Therefore,it is particularly critical to optimize the material of the water collector and improve its mechanical properties.Polyester,a general term of polymer obtained from polyols and polyacids,is a kind of engineering plastics with excellent properties and wide applications.Glass fiber is a reinforced plastic reinforcement material,and the biggest characteristic of it is the high tensile strength and good heat resistance.In this paper,glass fiber reinforced polyester resin composite material is prepared,its tensile properties and bending properties are tested,and the performance of the imported material JK2020B is compared and analyzed.The results show that the elastic modulus along the fiber direction is relatively high,but the interlayer force in the direction of thickness and width is very small.This review provides a guidance for production process.

Study of Physical, Chemical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Talc Filled Polyester Resin Composite Using Styrene Monomer

Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic (FRTP) composites are emerging as potential materials in many engineering fields. In this research, the compression-molding process was used as the fabrication technique for producing talc-filled reinforced polyester composite. The weight percentage of these composites was varied, like 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, and 50 wt% talc, respectively. Besides, different percentages of styrene monomer, such as 0 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%, were also used in this study. Different types of physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties were investigated. The water absorption percentage is increased for composites having a higher percentage of talc filler, while the elasticity of the composites shows a decreasing nature with the increase of talc content. Compressive strength is increased with higher talc content. After a certain limit, with the increase of talc content, it decreases and remains more or less constant. The flexural properties (flexural strength, tangent modulus, and flexural strain) of polyester-talc composites are higher initially, and as the percentage of talc increases, the flexural properties decrease or remain constant. The rate of water absorption is very low with the increase in soaking time. The thermal analysis of polyester-talc composites shows that the thermal stability of the composites is better than that of polyester.

低温固化聚酯粉末涂料的研究与应用

以热固性聚酯粉末涂料为研究对象,介绍了成膜物质中聚酯树脂和固化剂的特性及其在粉末涂料中的作用,并从制备、固化机理、改性、应用4个方面综述低温固化聚酯粉末涂料的研究进展。为改善聚酯粉末涂料出现缩孔的问题,将活性官能团丙烯酸酯引入聚酯树脂中进行表面改性,得到聚酯/丙烯酸混合型粉末涂料,并对耐候性聚酯/丙烯酸粉末涂料的耐候性及固化反应原理进行概述。为降低粉末涂料的固化温度,使其符合低温固化的发展要求,针对合成聚酯粉末涂料成膜物质的相对特性,在树脂合成过程中引入环氧型官能团作为功能单体或直接与环氧树脂混合。聚酯粉末涂料已在家具、汽车及家用电器领域得到广泛应用。未来,聚酯粉末涂料朝着节能环保、多样性和更广泛的适用性发展。

超声在线监测不饱和聚酯树脂固化过程及其动力学行为

为探索不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)固化体系在不同温度下的超声振幅变化规律,采用超声波穿透技术对UPR固化过程进行在线监测,获得声速、储能模量、松弛时间、凝胶时间等动力学参数变化规律,并得到固化反应动力学方程。结果表明:温度越高,声速与储能模量变化越快,且最终数值也越大,而固化松弛时间与凝胶时间随温度增加而缩短;此外,超声法与差示扫描量热法(DSC)得到的固化度曲线变化高度一致,通过2种方法所得到的反应活化能分别为38.14 kJ/mol和45.3 kJ/mol;最终,通过DSC法确定了UPR固化反应动力学级数为0.92。总之,超声法与DSC法2种方法相互结合,不仅证明了超声结果的准确性,也为UPR固化过程提供一种精准的在线监控技术和量化方法,从而为UPR生产过程提供理论指导。

基于碳纳米管分子支化增韧技术的环氧树脂复合材料制备与性能研究

制备了不同支化度的超支化聚酯修饰碳纳米管,采用傅里叶红外光谱及透射电镜表征手段对其微观结构进行了分析。结果表明:超支化聚酯接枝到碳纳米管表面,不同支化度的超支化聚酯在碳纳米管表面形成了一层包裹层,并使碳纳米管的管径增加。随后制备了超支化聚酯修饰碳纳米管增韧环氧树脂复合材料,通过光学显微镜分析,证明超支化聚酯的接枝修饰显著地提高了碳纳米管在环氧树脂基体的分散性;通过动态热机械性能测试(DMA)及力学性能测试,发现超支化聚酯修饰碳纳米管的加入促进了环氧树脂体系的链段运动,在提高环氧树脂的韧性方面表现出较好的效果,且随着超支化聚酯的支化度越高,环氧树脂的增韧性能越好。

不饱和聚酯树脂固化磷石膏强度形成机制及微观特性研究

选用不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)、过氧化甲乙酮固化剂、异辛酸钴促进剂对磷石膏进行稳定固化。研究不同UPR、固化剂掺量对磷石膏固化体各龄期抗压强度的影响。通过SEM与FTIR分析磷石膏固化体强度形成机制及微观形貌,采用ICP-MS对磷石膏固化体进行浸出毒性分析。结果表明,磷石膏固化体各龄期抗压强度随着UPR掺量增加而增大;随着固化剂掺量的增加,磷石膏固化体抗压强度呈先增后减的趋势;磷石膏固化体抗压强度前期增长较快,后期增长较慢。磷石膏固化体最佳配合比为磷石膏100%、UPR外掺40%、固化剂外掺0.8%、促进剂外掺0.4%,其3,7 d和28 d抗压强度分别为30.8,36.3 MPa和37.2 MPa。UPR填充了磷石膏间的孔隙,紧密包裹住磷石膏并相互黏结,通过固化剂和促进剂引发的共聚反应快速凝固,生成的高分子三维交联网状结构使固化内部结构致密,形成了离子不易被交换的内部结构。磷石膏固化体浸出F^(-)、PO_(4)^(3-)和其他重金属离子浓度均满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中Ⅰ级排放标准要求。

马来酸酐增韧增强碳酸钙/不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料

通过将马来酸酐直接加入到碳酸钙/不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料中,分别利用马来酸酐和不饱和聚酯树脂中的苯乙烯可反应性,以及马来酸酐与碳酸钙颗粒的表面反应,实现界面增容,改善纳米碳酸钙在不饱和聚酯树脂中的分散性;力学性能测试结果表明:当马来酸酐的用量为8phr,纳米碳酸钙用量为10phr时,复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度均达到最大值,分别比复合材料基体提高了47.46%、47.02%和15.01%,实现了不饱和聚酯树脂的同时增韧增强;扫描电镜分析和DCS、DMA分析表明,加入马来酸酐后,不饱和树脂固化度得到提高,纳米碳酸钙在不饱和树脂中的分散性也显著改善,从而实现了树脂基体的同时增韧和增强。

耐水不饱和聚酯树脂的改性研究

采用硅烷偶联剂,二氧化硅,有机硅憎水剂对不饱和聚酯树脂进行改性。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)对材料进行了表征,考察了改性剂对不饱和聚酯树脂力学性能和耐水性的影响。结果表明:添加二氧化硅综合性能最优,吸水率降低,耐磨性提升最为明显,磨损率降低了30%,拉伸弹性模量144MPa,断裂伸长率7.3%,拉伸应力55.45N,拉伸强度15.5kN。

酚醛⁃不饱和聚酯树脂石墨双极板复合材料研究

以天然鳞片石墨(NG)为导电骨料,酚醛树脂(PF)和不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)为黏结剂,采用模压成型工艺制备了NG/PF/UPR双极板复合材料。研究了PF与UPR的质量比、树脂含量、成型工艺条件对复合材料电导率和弯曲强度的影响,采用差示扫描量热法进行分析。结果表明,在树脂含量为20%(质量分数,下同)、PF与UPR的质量比为6∶1、施压温度为100℃、模压压力为30 MPa、成型温度为180℃、模压时间为2 h的条件下,NG/PF/UPR双极板复合材料的电导率为336.1 S/cm,弯曲强度为46.5 MPa,对于相同条件下的NG/PF双极板复合材料,样品的电导率提高了134.9%,弯曲强度提高了21.2%。

超支化水性光敏树脂的制备及其在3D打印中的应用研究

以柠檬酸(CA)和新戊二醇(NPG)合成了一种端羧基超支化聚酯(CHBP)。然后用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)对其进行改性,制备超支化水性聚酯丙烯酸酯(WCHBPA),并通过红外和核磁氢谱对其结构进行了表征。通过配方设计得到可水洗3D打印光敏树脂,探究了光引发剂(TPO-L)用量和辐照强度对复配树脂光固化动力学的影响。此外,还研究了超支化水性聚酯丙烯酸酯和丙烯酰吗啉(ACMO)质量比对3D打印样条的力学性能、玻璃化转变温度和热失重的影响。研究结果表明:(1)成功制备了目标产物CHBP和WCHBPA。(2)本研究复配了4种3D打印光敏树脂,黏度适宜,可满足3D打印的基本性能要求,在辐射光强为40 mW/cm^(2)、TPO-L用量为2.0%(质量分数)的条件下,双键转化率达到最高。(3)随着稀释剂(ACMO)含量由30%增加到60%,固化样条的拉伸强度由13.3 MPa逐渐增大到45.6 MPa,冲击强度由2.98 kJ/m^(2)降低至1.53 kJ/m^(2),玻璃化转变温度由92.4℃逐渐增大到151.1℃。(4)通过3D打印得到的制件呈现清晰且精度较好,对制备高性能可水洗3D打印光敏树脂及配方设计具有一定的参考意义。