NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW OF PULP FIBER SUSPENSIONS IN STOCK PUMP WITH SEMI-OPEN IMPELLER

The flow of pulp fiber suspensions with a consistency below 5% through a pump falls into the turbulent region. The 2-phase 3D turbulent flow of the mixture is simulated in the hydraulic components composed by suction chamber, front board, semi-impeller and volute casing for the first time. The pseudo-fluid model and the k-ε turbulent model are modified. Phase coupled SIMPLE algorithm is applied to make pressure-velocity correction equation. Based on the results of the numerical simulation, the distribution of velocity, pressure and density of liquid and particle phase are compared and analyzed. The flow analysis in the tip between front board and impeller is emphasized, which reflects the advantage of semi-open impeller when it transports 2-phase medium. This calculation result will be helpful for the design of pump impeller and the establishment of design method of centrifugal stock pump.

Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Bamboo Pulp Fiber Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Composites:Influence of Nano CaCO_(3)Treatment and Manufacturing Process with Different Pressure Ratings

In order to investigate the effect of the relative motion of nano CaCO_(3)reinforced bamboo pulp fiber(BPF)/HDPE composite components on the mechanical performance,a comparative study was performed.BPF was treated by nano CaCO_(3)blending(BM)and impregnation modification(IM)technology.The composites were produced using hot press(HPMP),extrusion(EMP)and injection molding process(IMP).The physical morphology of BPF was similar at different manufacturing processes.Compared to the samples manufactured by HPMP,a decrease in the(specific)flexural strength of BPF/HDPE composites and an increase in those of composites treated by nano CaCO_(3)manufactured by EMP and IMP were observed.The injection molded composites exhibited the best values in the(specific)impact strength,(specific)tensile properties.IM had a greater effect on the rheological behavior of the composites than BM,and nano CaCO_(3)treatment most effectively affected the performance of the extrusion molded composites.

Characterization of Structure and Property of the Monocarboxyl Bamboo Pulp Fibers

The oxidized bamboo pulp fiber yarns were prepared by the HNO3?/H3PO4-NaNO2 oxidation system. The effects of the oxidation concentration and reaction time on the weight loss, the carboxyl content and the breaking strength of the bamboo pulp fiber yarns were studied and the aggregation structure was investigated by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed an increase in carboxyl content and a decrease in breaking strength of oxidized bamboo pulp fiber yarns with increasing concentration of oxidant and reaction time. The breaking strength of oxidized bamboo fiber yarns was damaged seriously once the reaction time was more than 120 min or the concentration of oxidant was greater than 1.0%. The crystallinity of bamboo pulp fibers increased slightly under low oxidation degree but decreased with higher oxidation degree.

Bacteria in Indian Food Packaging Papers and Paperboards with Various Contents of Pulp Fiber

The food packaging industry generally uses papers and paperboards (PPBs) especially for disposable products. According to the Framework Regulation (EC) No. 1935/2004 of the European Union, no transfer of contamination should occur from food packaging material to the food items. The aim of this study was to determine the presence, numbers, source and different kinds of bacteria present in food packaging PPBs with various contents of pulp fiber. The samples were randomly collected from popular confectioners and fast food restaurants in Saharanpur, India. The results indicated the presence of bacteria in all the samples, ranging from 1.3 × 102 to 6.1 × 103 cfu/g. Most of the samples contained bacteria in more than the permitted concentration of 2.5 × 102 cfu/g as set by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The detected bacteria were from genera Bacillacea, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. According to the FDA declaration, pathogenic bacteria such as B. cereus and S. aureus have been associated with food borne diseases (FBD). Some contaminants in food packaging PPBs were found to be B. subtilis and P. aeroginosa, which produce enzymes like peroxidases and lipoxygenases that are odor generating enzymes.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MODIFIED STARCH-BASED BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS REINFORCED WITH PULP FIBER

Native corn starch and hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) based plastic films were prepared using the short pulp fiber as reinforcement and the glycerol as the plasticizer. The results of tensile test showed that the tensile strength and the elongation at break increased with the pulp contents. With the glycerol contents, the elongation at break increased considerably, but the tensile strength decreased. The water uptake of the films decreased with the pulp contents and hydroxypropylation, but increased with the glycerol contents. So it is concluded that the films was reinforced by pulp fiber and hydroxypropylation.

Advances in Research of Molded Pulp for Food Packaging

The molded pulp,a product of three-dimensional papermaking technology,is environmentally friendly and has a low environmental impact due to its ability to decompose quickly in the natural environment after disposal.The application of molded pulp for food packaging can replace or reduce the use of plastic food packaging.Researchers extract fibers from plants for the production of safe and hygienic molded pulp for food packaging,and they also study and enhance the qualities of molded pulp to broaden its use in the food industry.This paper reviews the sources and varieties of plant fiber used in molded pulp for food packaging,as well as research on the improvement and optimization of the performance of molded pulp products.Additionally,issues with molded pulp’s actual use for food packaging are reviewed,along with the potential for future research.This work can serve as a reference for molded pulp applications and research in the food industry in the future.

Bentonite Adsorption &Coagulation Treatment of Recycled Fiber Pulping Wastewater

A bentonite & PAM particle flocculation system was employed in recycled fiber pulp wastewater treatment in this paper. The optimum conditions of the adsorption & coagulation treatment was explored and optimized and effects of the treatment were focused on, especially stickies substances removal. Under the optimal conditions, the removal of MTBE extract and cationic demand reached 91.26% and 86.93%, and the average particle size in the treated wastewater pollutants is reduced from 40.95μm to 0.5μm. In this treatment the removal of CODcr, turbidity, SS and color were 89.67%, 99.56%, 95.58% and 93.08%, respectively. The results showed that the particle flocculation system was effective for the treatment of recycled fiber pulp wastewater, especially for controlling the stickies.

RESEARCH ON FIBER MORPHOLOGY AND PULPING PROPERTIES OF THE TRIPLOID OF PLPULUS TOMENTOSA FROM PLANTATION AT DIFFERENT AGES

The fiber morphology and pulping properties of triploid of populus tomentosa from plantation at different ages were investigated in the paper,also the main chemical compositions were determined. The results showed that the difference of chemical compositions is not significant, and the extractive contents become bigger in some sort with age, the difference of length weighted mean length of fiber also is not significant, and coarseness of fiber has trend of augment by degree, while the fines content increases obviously with age. That difference of pulping properties between chemical pulping (KP process and Soda-AQ process) and chemimechanical pulping (SCMP process and APMP process) is not significant, which is consistent with the analysis of chemical composition and fiber morphology. Considering comprehensively, the tree age of 5 years is better for paper making industry, also the mixed pulping with different ages of the triploid of populus tomentosa is feasible with steady pulp quality.

High Performance of Paper Strength and Energy Savings in OCC Pulp Papermaking via MFC Addition

Fiber screen fractionation of recycled old corrugated container(OCC)pulp and subsequent targeted processing of each fraction can lead to higher fiber quality,more uniform pulp,and increased handsheet strength and surface smoothness.This pilot-scale study evaluates the benefits of fiber fractionation using a pressure screen prior to low consistency(LC)refining.A 0.81-mm smooth holed screen cylinder is utilized,and two refiner plate patterns are adopted(wide 0.99 km/rev BEL and interim 2.01 km/rev BEL).Here,LC-refined reject fractions are mixed with the created microfibrillated cellulose(MFC),and the mixed pulp and paper qualities are compared with no-MFC OCC pulps.The results indicate that the highest tensile strength of the handsheet is obtained by the addition of MFC to the fractionated refined OCC pulp compared to the unfractionated refined OCC and primary OCC pulps at a given specific energy.Furthermore,the experimental approach adopted in this study can be used to optimize recycled OCC pulping systems.Overall,the results indicate that fractionated LC refining plus MFC addition provides higher pulp and paper qualities and the potential for saving energy to reach the desired tensile strength of the OCC pulp.

PFI磨预处理提高桉木浆纤维反应活性的研究

采用PFI磨对桉木漂白化学浆进行预处理后,以丙烯酰氯为酯化试剂,在球磨机中进行酯化反应,通过纤维质量分析仪、光学显微镜、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对纤维的形貌和结构进行了分析,并进一步考察了酯化条件对纤维素反应活性的影响。研究结果表明:随着PFI磨转数的增加,纤维长度、纤维宽度减小,细小纤维比例显著提高,由19.86%增大至38.47%。经PFI磨打浆后,纸浆纤维表面纤丝化明显,其结晶区域部分遭破坏,结晶度由72.7%降低至66.9%;XRD结果表明:反应过程中酯化产物的结晶结构发生了改变。FT-IR结果表明:PFI磨解纤维与丙烯酰氯经球磨发生酯化反应得到丙烯酰基纤维素。酯化产物的取代度(D_(S))随着PFI磨转数的增加而增大;与未经预处理纤维相比,反应产物的D_(S)明显增加,最高可达2.38,此时的反应条件为PFI磨预处理24000 r,纤维素与丙烯酰氯的物质的量比1∶6,球磨反应时间48 h。

分散剂在麻浆纤维纸的应用研究

采用低打浆度的麻浆纤维作为原材料,分别加入三种不同的分散剂,优选出最适合麻浆纤维的分散剂,且探究了分散剂的加入量对麻浆纤维分散性以及纸张性能的影响。研究结果表明:优选出R200分散剂在麻浆中的分散效果最好,随着其加入量的增加,纸张的匀度指数、抗张强度、断裂伸长率这三个指标提升效果明显;通过孔径分析和扫描电镜检测可知,纸张中纤维与纤维之间的搭接更加均匀,纤维之间形成20μm以上的较大孔径几率降低。

Lyocell纤维用溶解浆主要性能及其质量控制技术

Lyocell纤维是绿色高性能的再生纤维素纤维,其在反应原理、生产工艺和设备技术等方面与黏胶纤维差异很大,对溶解浆的质量要求较高。本文介绍了Lyocell纤维的生产工艺,重点分析了Lyocell纤维用溶解浆的化学组成、纤维素大分子特性、结晶结构等主要性能对Lyocell纤维生产,尤其是浆粕在4-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)中溶解性能的影响;提出了Lyocell纤维用溶解浆的主要性能要求及其质量控制技术,为Lyocell纤维用溶解浆的研究和生产提供参考。

汉麻秆微细纤维结构和制浆性能分析

非木材纤维原料资源的开发及利用拓宽了植物纤维来源渠道,能够缓解制浆造纸工业木材原料短缺问题,符合我国国情。本文以农林废弃物汉麻秆为原料,从纤维微细结构着手,将汉麻纤维与制浆造纸常用阔叶木原料杨木和禾本科植物原料玉米秸秆进行了对比,发现汉麻秆的纤维形态与杨木纤维相似,杂细胞含量少,在长度、宽度分布上具有很好的均一性,符合制浆用纤维原料的要求。检测结果表明:汉麻秆纤维抄造的纸张具有较好的物理性能,能够替代部分现有原料,缓解纤维原料短缺的难题。

三种木材纤维微细结构分析及制浆性能研究

制浆造纸企业纤维原料供应持续紧缺,如何拓宽原料来源渠道是造纸企业普遍关心的问题。为缓解造纸原料短缺的问题,采用柳树、美人梅、猕猴桃作为制浆造纸原料,分析三种木材原料的组分、纤维长度、宽度以及表面形态,解析纤维的红外结构、元素组成、结晶度、热稳定性。柳树、美人梅、猕猴桃纤维的长度范围分别为:0.1 mm~1.2 mm,0.1 mm~1.0 mm,0.1 mm~2.0 mm,平均宽度分别为16.5μm,15.7μm,25.1μm,长宽比分别为27.2,30.6,35.9猕猴桃纤维的长度范围、宽度和长宽比均优于柳树和美人梅,具有造纸的潜力。通过硫酸盐法蒸煮实验发现柳树、美人梅、猕猴桃三种木材具有较高的制浆得率,纸张物理性能良好,能够满足生产质量的要求,可以替代部分现有的纤维原料,以减轻造纸工业对木材原料需求的压力,缓解制浆造纸原料短缺的问题。

半纤维素对玉米秸秆皮Lyocell纤维性能的影响

探讨了半纤维素对Lyocell纤维制备时溶浆过程以及纺丝过程的影响,研究了半纤维素对Lyocell纤维的力学、抗原纤化和染色等性能的影响。试验可知:使用市售质量分数50%的NMMO溶剂在90℃温度下即可完全溶解玉米秸秆皮浆粕;半纤维素含量较高的玉米秸秆皮浆粕的流动性更好,制成的Lyocell纤维的染色性能和抗原纤化性能更好,断裂伸长率较大,结晶度较小。

不同外加纤维对烟草复合滤嘴棒用纸性能的影响

为了提高烟草复合滤嘴棒用纸的性能指标,采用6种外加纤维(漂白针叶木浆、漂白竹浆、马尼拉麻浆、棉浆、绒毛浆和未漂针叶木浆)对烟梗浆进行替代。由于外加纤维具有不同的纤维特性,所以分别研究外加纤维的打浆度和替代比对烟草复合滤嘴棒用纸物理指标的影响。研究结果表明:随着外加浆料替代比的增加,烟草复合滤嘴棒用纸的强度和伸长率均有所提升,其中马尼拉麻浆替代的烟草复合滤嘴棒用纸的性能优于其他5种外加纤维。当马尼拉麻浆的打浆度为50°SR、马尼拉麻浆替代比为90%时,烟草复合滤嘴棒用纸的抗张指数为76.3 N·m/g,伸长率为3.10%。因此,本研究为烟草复合滤嘴棒用纸的开发奠定了理论基础。

纸浆模塑制品制备工艺及性能研究进展

本文综述了纸浆模塑产品制备时纤维选用与加工成型方式的研究进展,并重点介绍了影响纸浆模塑材料阻隔性与缓冲性能的因素与相关研究,以期为纸浆模塑制品的性能优化提供参考。纸浆模塑技术因具有明显的环保优势,已在众多领域得到应用;但由于纸浆模塑制品的性能方面仍存在缺陷,限制了其推广应用。未来可以从植物纤维选取、高性能复合植物纤维配置、新型成型工艺及加工参数探究、制品后期处理等方面对纸浆模塑制品进行更深入的研究,从而进一步提高纸浆模塑制品性能,扩大纸浆模塑技术的应用领域。

涂布液体石蜡对植物纤维基地膜纸的影响

以漂白针叶木浆为纤维原料,在打浆度为89°SR,助剂聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷(PAE)、烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)、阳离子淀粉添加量分别为2.0%、0.4%、1.0%(相对绝干浆质量)的条件下,制备定量为(40±2)g/m^(2)的涂布原纸,然后通过表面涂布液体石蜡制备植物纤维基地膜纸,提高地膜纸的透光率、抗水性,降低透气度。结果表明:液体石蜡的最佳涂布量为7 g/m^(2),涂布后样品的定量为48.16 g/m^(2),干抗张指数为70.91 N·m/g,撕裂指数为5.99 mN·m^(2)/g,耐破指数为5.12 kPa·m^(2)/g,透光率为82.82%,透气度为0.0030μm/Pa·s,300 s之后的可勃值为15.8 g/m^(2);在水中浸泡12 h后,涂布后样品的湿强度比未涂布样品提高14.34%。

A Rapid Parameter of Enzyme-Treated Cellulosic Material Revealed by Reducing Sugar Release

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of enzymes in purifying and reducing the degree of polymerization of cellulose for the production of dissolving pulp.Our goal was to determine the contributions of xylanase(X)and endoglucanase(EG)in the treatment of pulp,specifically by quantifying the formation of soluble and insoluble reducing sugars using the dinitrosalycilic acid(DNS)test.Predominantly,the release of soluble reducing sugars(RSSol)was enhanced after xylanase treatment,while endoglucanase(EG)treatment led to changes in insoluble reducing sugars(RSIns).The maximum synergism was observed for RSIns when a high ratio of endoglucanase to xylanase(320EG:5X/g pulp)was used.The relative contribution of endoglucanase to RSins was determined to be 15.6%of the total reducing sugar.The viscosity of pulps treated with xylanase decreased only by 7%,whereas endoglucanase treatment significantly reduced viscosity by 45%.Modifications in the particle size were observed after pulp treatment with the combination of endoglucanase and xylanase.In summary,the DNS test is a rapid and effective method for evaluating the efficiency of enzyme treatments on pulps.The measurement of RSIns correlates with changes in pulp viscosity to different extents,providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of enzyme treatments.

纤维素结晶度对纸张静电感应性能影响的研究

纤维素的晶体结构、结晶度对纤维材料介电性能有很大影响,直接影响纤维素材料静电感应性能。本研究以竹浆纤维为原材料,通过不同的热压条件控制纤维素结晶度,利用XRD、FTIR、静电计等手段,对循环处理后纤维素的结晶度、分子结构变化、电学性能等进行分析,探究纤维素结晶度与纸张抗张指数、纤维电学性能之间的关系。结果表明,竹浆纤维纸张的抗张指数随其结晶度的升高略有降低,而静电感应性能有上升趋势。