气相色谱/质谱/计算机法分析松口蘑子实体和菌丝体中的香成分

本文用顶空收集法和蒸馏-萃取法提取富集了松口蘑子实体和菌丝体中的香成分,经色谱/质谱联机分析,在子实体中测得64种香成分,并首次在菌丝体中测得36种香成分。菌丝体中有28种组分与子实体香成分相同。为深入研究和开发珍贵的松口蘑提供了科学依据。该提取方法充分有效,该分析方法简便,灵敏度高,可做为分析天然产物香成分时参考。

橘黄裸伞子实体个体发育研究

采用石蜡切片法对不同发育时期橘黄裸伞的原基或幼子实体进行个体发育研究。结果表明:橘黄裸伞原基的第一个形态分化是下部边缘菌丝平行排列进行垂直生长,形成菌柄;然后边缘菌丝迅速向外生长,外菌幕形成,菌盖原基生长,在菌盖原基下部观察到菌褶腔,菌褶腔上部连续排列着栅栏细胞;在菌褶形成过程中,囊状体在尖端上聚集,说明菌褶的生长点在与菌盖组织相连的基部而不是尖端;内菌幕由内菌幕原基、菌盖边缘平行向下生长的菌丝和菌柄上部边缘平行向外生长的菌丝共同发育形成,由于内菌幕与菌柄组织的同源性,菌环不易脱落。橘黄裸伞属于半被果型中的双菌幕发育型,发育顺序表明其为菌柄发育型。

生长调节剂对猴头子实体生殖生长及发育的影响

本实验用赤霉素和２．４—Ｄ分别用筛选出的最适浓度和剂量，分两次喷施于猴头幼小子实体上，处理后采收同期生长的子实体，制成石蜡组织切片，并进行显微镜观察。结果表明：与对照组相比，赤霉素和２．４—Ｄ对猴头子实体细胞的伸长，担子形成，分化和担孢子成熟有明显的促进作用，从而为其能提高猴头产量。

In vitro post-harvest growth parameters of termite-associated fungi:a case study of Termitomyces schimperi(Basidiomycota,Lyophyllaceae)

Post-harvest growth parameters of the pileus of three immature sporocarps(Y_(7),Y_(8),Y_(10))of Termitomyces schimperi showing margins still attached to the stipe by the veil upon collection were studied in order to determine the optimum temperature,air moisture and maximum time at which they continue to grow after collection until opening their hymenophore,giving access to more mature lamellae able to produce spore-prints and more relevant for other studies.The figures obtained from the three equations(Y_(7)=0.7+0.1x;Y_(8)=1.98+0.225x;Y_(10)=-0.94+0.116x)of correlation between pileus post-harvest growth and time show various growth patterns depending on morphology,physiology and metabolism of each of the three sporocarps(3 replicates:Y_(7),Y_(8) and Y_(10))tested in vitro.The experiment also shows that,while the size of the stipe of T.schimperi remains constant in the three replicates,its pileus continues to grow for about 36 hrs maximum after collection and its diameter increases of about 3.23 cm to 10.08 cm in an environment of darkness with temperature ranging between 23℃ and 24℃ and relative humidity between 88%and 92%.Considering on the one hand that gill-fungi in general and Termitomyces in particular are highly perishable goods,and on the other hand that sporocarps of Termitomyces are not yet raised in artificial culture,this experiment shows that during mycological excursions,even when sporocarps of these species are found immature on the field,they should also be collected for study since a post-harvest growth of the pileus of numerous species could be artificially triggered or boosted in the laboratory in order to be able to obtain spore-prints important at various levels,and also get access to more mature lamellae absolutely necessary for further studies including particularly the macro-and microscopical descriptions prior to identification.Mature lamellae are also most often the best part used in gill-fungi for DNA extraction in molecular studies.

元蘑子实层结构及担子发育的研究

本文以光学、电子显微镜对元蘑(Pleurotus oetreatus (Jacg ex Fr.)Quel子实层结构及担子发育的研究表明,元蘑的菌褶属于子实层同时发育类型,菌髓位于中央,其两侧依次是子实下层和子实层,子实层由担子,囊状体组成。担子由子实下层的菌丝顶端细胞经过亚担子锁状联合形成,双核的幼担子经过核配及减效分裂,产生四个单倍体细胞核,元蘑的担子存在Duncan等提出的减数分裂后活动(post-meiotic events),表现为A型及C型,说明元蘑的减数分裂后活动是双重类型。

羊肚菌菌盖的电镜观察

通过扫描和透射电镜的观察,了解到羊肚菌菌盖外表面的网状棱纹是由不育的疏丝组织组成;凹坑内分布着由侧丝和子囊组成的子实层。侧丝顶端稍膨大,呈细长棒形,外壁具网状皱纹;子囊顶端有壶盖形的囊盖,呈长圆筒形,外壁也具网状皱纹,内含8个单列的椭圆形或长椭圆形的子囊孢子。子囊具趋光性向光弯曲的特性,开裂方式晕典型的。顶端囊盖开裂。菌盖内表面与其外表面网状棱纹的结构相同,亦是由疏丝组织组成。