Phylogenetic Relationships of the Eupho- rinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Based on the D2 Variable Region of 28S Ribosomal RNA

The D2 variable region of 28S ribosomal RNA was sequenced from ethanol specimens or obtained from the literature to provide the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the subfamily Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Phylogenetic relationships were established by comparing the results using two different methods (distance-based neighbor-joining, NJ; and maximum parsimony, MP) and three different outgroups. The monophyly of the Euphorinae is well supported by all trees generated from molecular data. All phylogenetic reconstructions yielded trees with very similar topologies that only partially resolved the morphologically defined tribes and the relationships within the subfamily. We found no evidence for the monophyletic natures of the tribes Euphorini, Dinocampini, Perilitini, Syntretini, Comsophorini and Centisitini, but we did find some evidence for the tribes Meteorini and Microctonini. The monophyletic nature of the tribe Meteorini was well-supported in all trees. We also found the clade containing the Lecythodella, Microctonus, Orionis and Streblocera to be a monophyletic group, which corresponded to the tribe Microtonini, with Orionis transferred from the tribe Euphorini into Microtonini. Among the genera of Euphorini our results showed strong support for a paraphyletic nature of this group, which can be roughly divided into two clades, one consisting of Aridelus + Wesmaelia, the other of Leiophron + Peristenus, suggesting both of which may be given tribal rank. The placement of the genus Chrysopophorus is largely uncertain. Two clades, Dinocampus + Perilitus and Cosmophorus + Rhopalophorus, were constantly resolved in our analyses, with 42-96 and 97-100 bootstrap value support, respectively, suggesting that both of them form monophyletic groups. For members of the Centistini, Pygostolus may be removed and included in Microctonini or other relative tribe.

A new species of Macrophya Dahlbom(Hymenoptera:Tenthredinidae) with a key to species of Macrophya planata group

The Macrophya planata species group is proposed and defined by mesoscutellum very fiat with sharp lateral carina and the dorsal side of some antennomeres white. A new species of the group from Tibet, China is described： Macrophya acutiscutellaris Wei, Li ＆ Heng sp. nov.. The new species is similar to M. pseudoplanata Saini et al., 1996, but differs from the latter in body length 13.5 mm in female; apical third of hind tibia entirely black; antenna 2.5 times as long as head breadth; postoeellar area 1.6 times as broad as long; harpe weakly narrowed toward apex. A key to all known species of Macrophya planata group is provided. Type specimens of this new species are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.

The Genus Epoligosita from Xinjiang,with Descriptions of Two New Species(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae)

The genus Epoligosita Girault is briefly reviewed. Two new species and one new record species in China are described and illustrated. The specimens examined are deposited in the Life Science and Technology College, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China and Biological Control Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China respectively.

A New Species of the Ant Genus Strongylognathus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Shaanxi, China

A new ant species, Strongylognathus tylonum , sp. n. is described from Mt. Taibai in Shaanxi Province, China. Description is given for the worker caste. The species is morphologically close to S. karawajewi Pisarski. A key based on worker caste is preposed for the 3 species known in China. The type specimens of the new species is deposited in the Insect Collection, College of Forestry, Northwest Sci Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry.

Seven new species and a key to species of Siobla(Hymenoptera:Tenthredinidae) from Shaanxi,China

The species of Siobla Cameron from Shaanxi, northwestern China are investigated. Seven new species are described： Siobla centralia Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., S. curvata Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., S. listoni Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., S. pseudoplesia Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., S. qinba Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., S. shaanxi Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., and S. vulgaria Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov. A key to the 26 known species of Siobla from Shaanxi is provided.

Two new species and a key to species of the genus Eumenes Latreille(Hymenoptera:Vespidae:Eumeninae) from southwestern China

Two new species, Eumenes ferrugiantennus sp. nov. from Yunnan and E. nigriscutatus sp. nov. from Chongqing and Sichuan, China, are described. A key to the species in this genus from southwestern China is provided. Types of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University.

A New Genus of Mesoserphidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) from the Upper Jurassic of Northeast China

The genus Beipiaoserphus gen. nov. is established and referred to Mesoserphidae with Beipiaoserphus elegans sp. nov. as its type species. The type specimens were collected from the lower part of the Upper Jurassic Yixian Formation at Huangbanjigou Village near Shangyuan Town, Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China and are housed at Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Nanjing.

Rediscovery of Odontocimbex svenhedini Malaise(Hymenoptera:Cimbicidae) from China with description of the female and a key to Asian genera of Cimbicidae

Odontocimbex svenhedini Malaise is redescribed based on new material and types. The diagnosis of Odontocimbex is outlined. The differences between Odontocimbex and Cimbex, Palaeocimbex and Trichiosoma are discussed. The female of the species is described for the first time. The lectotype of O. svenhedini is designated. A key to the Asian genera of Cimbicidae is provided.

The Third Species of the Ant Genus Perissomyrmex Smith (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) in the World

The third species of the ant genus Perissomyrmex in the world, P. fissus sp. nov., is collected from Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province. Perissomyrmex is a new record genus in China. Taxonomic key based on worker caste is provided for the 3 species: P. snyderi Smith, P. monticola de Andrade, and P. fissus sp. nov.

Observation of the Morphology during Development of Encyrtus sasakii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in the Body of its Host Scale Insect Eulecanium kuwanai

Observed and compared the morphological characters of various instars of Encyrtus sasakii Ishii parasitized in Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda. Microphotographs were taken of the bodies. Study shows that： Encyrtus sasakii Ishii reproduces annually and overwinters as pupa in their host. Besides the individual differences resulting from development, the 1st and 2nd instar larvae have long breath pedicles in the end of abdomen, and with the larva molting during development, the exuvia accumulate at the end of the body, form a hollow sac called caudal sac that cover the breath pedicle during 3rd and 4th instar larvae. The scutulis of females are yellow, and foreside of wings is light fumed with a dark blotch covered by dense black thick hairs. While the males are black brown, the wing is light in color without a dark blotch.

A Taxonomic Study on the Genus Acmopolynema Ogloblin (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from China

The genus Acmopolynema Ogloblin is briefly reviewed. Five species from China are described and illustrated. Among which, three species, A. longicoxilla, A. reticoxilla and A. campylura are new to science, two species are first records from China, A key to the five species is provided. All specimens examined are deposited in Biological Control Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.

A New Species of the Genus Zagella Girault (Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae) from China

The genus Zagella Girault is briefly reviewed. One new species Zagella sinadoneura from Xinjiang is described and illustrated. The specimens examined are deposited in Biological Control Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.

Three New Species of the Genus Goniozus Frster, 1856 (Hymenoptera:Bethylidae) from Zhejiang

Four species of Goniozus Frster are identified from Zhejiang Province in this paper. Among which, Goniozus xiaoi, Goniozus baishanzuensis and Goniozus lamprosemae are described and illustrated as new to species. All the types are deposited in Zhejiang University.

Two newly-recorded species of Perilampus(Hymenoptera:Chalcidoidea:Perilampidae) from China

Two species of Perilampus Latreille, i.e., Perilampus noemi Nikol＇skaya and Perilampus nola Nikol＇skaya, are newly reported from China. Morphological descriptions, distribution and morphological figures and a key to the two newly recorded species of Perilampus in China （females） are provided. All the specimens are deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Four New Species of the Ant Genus Ponera Latreille(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)from Yunnan,China

Four new species of the ant genus Ponera Latreille are described from the Gaoligongshan Mountain Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province. Up to date, 12 species of the genus are recorded in China, i.e. P.sinensis Wheeler, P.alisana Terayama, P.chiponensis Terayama, Ponera pentodontos Xu, Ponera menglana Xu, Ponera nangongshana Xu, Ponera longlina Xu, Ponera baka Xu, Ponera xantha, sp. nov., Ponera pianmana, sp. nov., Ponera bawana, sp. nov., Ponera diodonta, sp. nov. A key to 12 species in China based on worker caste with figures is provided. All the type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection, Southwest Forestry College.

Description of Myopopone castanea(Smith)(Hymenoptera:Formicidae) from Himalaya Region

The ant genus Myopopone Roger is distributed in Oriental and Indo-Australian regions.Only one valid species,M.castanea（Smith）,is recognized in the genus up to date.M.castanea（Smith） is recorded in Tibet,China,for the first time.Complete information,including characters of the genus,detailed measurements,descriptions,and illustrations of worker and queen castes of M.castanea,is provided.

A Systematic Study on the Genus Aphytis Howard (Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae) from South Korea

The present paper deals with the systematic study on the genus Aphytis Howard from South Korea. Five species of Aphytis are recognized, including one new species (Aphytis albus sp. nov.) and four new records (A. diaspidis, A. japonicus, A. proclia and A. vandenboschi). A key to the female species of Aphytis from South Korea is provided. The type specimens are respectively deposited in Korea National Arboretum and the Insect Collection of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.

TWO NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW COMBINATION OF THE CONIFER SAWFLY FAMILY DIPRIONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: SYMPHYTA) FROM YUNNAN, CHINA

In this paper two new species of Diprionidae were described from Yunnan Province, China, Gilpinia hebedentata, sp. n. and Macrodiprion wui, sp. n. Another species recorded in Yunnan, Gilpinia disa Smith, was transferred from Gilpinia Benson to Microdiprion Enslin. Macrodiprion Enslin is a newly recorded genus in China.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE ANT GENUS Polyrhachis SMITH FROM YUNNAN,CHINA*(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)

In this paper,2 new species of the ant genus Polyrhachis Smith found in Yunnan Province of China,P cyphonota sp n and P bakana sp n,were described P cyphonota sp n belongs to the subgenus Cyrtomyrma Forel P bakana sp n belongs to the subgenus Myrmhopla Forel P bakana sp n was found in the tropical rain forest of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve

A Taxonomic Study of the Ant Genus Recuruidris Bolton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from China, with Description of a New Species

A new species of the genus Recurvidris Bolton, Recurvidris glabriceps sp. nov. collected from south China is described. A key to Chinese known species of the genus based on worker caste is presented.