Diversity analysis of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the Yellow River source area:Ⅰ

Twenty-four soil samples of eight ecosystem-types around the Yellow River source area were investigated for the number and specific composition of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes by dilution plate technique. And then the co-relationship between genus species of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes and ecosystem-types was analyzed. The results show that the amount and species distribution of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes had an obvious variability in different ecosystem-types, and that the dominant genus species varied in the eight ecosystem-types studied, with Cladosporium being the dominant genus in seven of the eight ecosystem-types except wetland. The index of species diversity varied in different ecosystem-types. The niche breadth analysis showed that Cladosporium had the highest niche breadth and distributed in all ecosystem-types, while the genera with a narrow niche breadth distributed only in a few ecosystem-types. The results of niche overlap index analysis indicated that Stachybotrys and Torula, Doratomyces and Scolecobasidium, Cladosporium and Chrysosporium had a higher niche overlap, whereas Arthrinium and Gliomastix, Phialophora and Doratomyces, Oidiodendron and Ulocladium had no niche overlap.

Curvularia martyniicola,a new species of foliicolous hyphomycetes on Martynia annua from India

In the micromycofloristic survey of some dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh(India),an undescribed species(C.martyniicola)of anamorphic fungus Curvularia Boedijn was found on living leaves of Martynia annua(Martyniaceae).The novel fungus is described,illustrated and discussed in details.The present species is compared with earlier reported similar taxon,and is characterized by longer conidiophores and conidia with less septa.A key is provided to all the species of Curvularia recorded on Martyniaceae and Pedaliaceae.The details of nomenclatural novelties were deposited in MycoBank(www.MycoBank.org).

Diversity and distribution of cercosporoid fungi in Himachal Pradesh:an annotated checklist

the basis of available publications.A total of 103 species belonging to 15 genera of cercosporoid fungi have been reported from Himachal Pradesh on 118 plant species belonging to 46 families.The species richness of cercosporoid fungi in the region was as follows;Cercospora(50),Pseudocercospora(23),Ramularia and Passalora(7 each),Stigmina&Mycosphaerella(3 each),Sirosporium(2),Cercosporella,Distomycovellosiella and Mycovellosiella,Neocercosporidium,Neopseudocercosporella,Nothopassalora,Rosisphaerella&Teratosphaeria(1 each).The highest numbers of cercosporoid fungi were recorded on plant hosts of the family Solanaceae(12 species)followed by Fabaceae(10 species),Asteraceae and Rosaceae(8 species each),Amaranthaceae(5 species),Malvaceae and Smilaceae(4 species each),Acanthaceae,Poaceae,Polygonaceae and Ranunculaceae(3 species each),while the rest of families were found associated with 1-2 cercosporoid speices.

Global diversity and distribution of distoseptosporic micromycete Corynespora Güssow(Corynesporascaceae):An updated checklist with current status

A review and updated checklist of Corynespora(Dematiaceous hyphomycetes)diversity and distribution reported from all over the world is prepared and presented over here based on available bibliographic survey upon published data.After critical review and verification,a total of 207 taxonomic records of Corynespora has been found in Index Fungorum,among them 179 spp.(86.47%)have been found as nomenclaurally valid/accepted taxa,while 14 spp.(6.76%)found to be transferred to other different taxa,11 spp.(5.31%)synonymously transferred to other Corynespora taxa,and 3 spp.(1.44%)found as invalid taxa.In all word-wide recorded Corynespora species,114 spp.(55.07%)have been found as foliicolous,90 spp.(43.47%)as lignicolous,2 spp.(0.96%)as lichenicolous,and 1 sp.(0.48%)from the air.Similarly,184 spp.(88.88%)have been reported on Angiosperms,1 sp.(0.48%)on Gymnosperms,22 spp.(10.62%)recorded on unidentified plant parts/taxa,whereas no one species recorded on Bryophytes and Pteridophytes.Likewise,166 spp.(80.19%)have been recorded on 54 families of Dicot,18 spp.(8.69%)on 6 families of monocot,1 sp.(0.48%)on 1 family of Gymnosperm,and 22 spp.(10.62%)on unidentified plant parts/taxa.Furthermore,the distribution of Corynespora spp.have been recorded from 34 countries,in which the species richness recorded maximum in India(80 spp.,38.64%)followed by China(31 spp.,14.97%),USA(11 spp.,5.31%),and other countries.Besides,distinguishing features of valid Corynespora spp.are also provided along with their hosts/substrate,host’s family,distribution(country),and references.This paper provides an updated checklist of Corynespora spp.reported from all over the world with their current status in the context of current nomenclature.In order to get all collected scientific information at one shop for further scientific study on exploration of Corynespora,this compiled up-to-date checklist with their comparative morphology would be vital and helpful to the researchers of concern fields as well as allied disciplines.

Zasmidium persicae comb.nov.,a new leaf spotting hyphomycete from Laos

Comprehensive examination of cercosporoid leaf-spotting hyphomycetes was carried out in the southern areas of Laos.During this study,a species of Stenella was recorded for the first time from Laos,and according to current taxonomic concepts,this species is transferred to the genus Zasmidium.

Corynespora celastri sp.nov.on Celastraceae from India

Corynespora celastri sp.nov.,is introduced on living leaves of Celastrus paniculatus(Celastraceae)collected from Paniyara forest of Mahrajganj,Uttar Pradesh,India.The new species is illustrated and compared with closely similar species reported on Celastraceae.This species is characterized by having longer conidiophores and conidia among the members reported on same host family.A key to all species of Corynespora on Celastraceae is also provided.

New records of Phaeoisaria triseptata and Spadicoides heterocolorata for Brazil

Phaeoisaria triseptata and Spadicoides heterocolorata are described,illustrated and discussed.Both species represent new records for Brazil.

Natarajania thailandica sp.nov.(Stilbosporaceae,Diaporthales)from Thailand

A fungus similar to the monotypic genus Natarajania,isolated from dead wood and collected in Thailand,is reported.Analysis of partial ribosomal LSU and a protein coding gene(RPB2)demonstrated that the new isolate belonged to Stilbosporaceae,Diaporthales and genetically different from N.indica.It is unique in producing synnematous conidiophores,smooth-walled conidiogenous cells and a flared collarette but lacks an elongated collar-canal which is distinct in the type species.Therefore,sequence data and morphological traits are used to introduce the new species,Natarajania thailandica.

The families Distoseptisporaceae fam.nov.,Kirschsteiniotheliaceae,Sporormiaceae and Torulaceae,with new species from freshwater in Yunnan Province,China

During a north–south latitudinal survey of aquatic fungi on submerged wood and herbaceous material in streams in the Asian region,we collected several hyphomycetous taxa.This paper is part of a series where we provide illustrated accounts of these taxa and place them in a natural classification in the fungi.DNA sequence based phylogenies in recent literature have shown that Dendryphion,Sporidesmium and Torula-like species are polyphyletic in the phylum Ascomycota and their taxonomyhas been problematic due to a lack of understanding of the importance of morphological characters used to delimit taxa,as well as the lack of ex-type or reference strains.Based on multi-locus phylogenies together with morphology,we propose the novel family Distoseptisporaceae(Sordariomycetes)and three novel genera Neotorula(Pleosporales,Dothideomycetes),Distoseptispora(Sordariomycetes)and Pseudosporidesmium(Sordariomycetes).In addition,Dendryphion aquaticum,D.submersum,Distoseptispora fluminicola,D.aquatica,Kirschsteiniothelia submersa,Neotorula aquatica,Sporidesmium aquaticum,S.submersum and S.fluminicola are introduced as new species.Pseudosporidesmium knawiae comb.nov.is proposed to accommodate Sporidesmium knawiae in Sordariomycetes.The polyphyletic nature of Dendryphion,Sporidesmium and Torula-like species are partially resolved,but further sampling with fresh collections and molecular data of species are needed to obtain a natural classification.

A taxonomic reassessment of Tubeufiales based on multi-locus phylogeny and morphology

This study deals with an extensive taxonomic reevaluation focusing on phylogenetic relationships and morphological characterization of Tubeufiales,especially those helicosporous hyphomycetes which are difficult to identify.Based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphology,we introduce 13 new genera in the family Tubeufiaceae,viz.Acanthotubeufia,Dematiohelicoma,Dematiohelicomyces,Dematiohelicosporum,Dematiotubeufia,Helicoarctatus,Heli-cohyalinum,Helicotruncatum,Neochlamydotubeufia,Neohelicoma,Pleurohelicosporium,Pseudohelicomyces and Pseu-dohelicoon;transfer Chaetosphaerulina from Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis,and Artocarpomyces and Helicodochium from Ascomycetes genera incertae sedis into Tubeufiaceae;introduce 52 new species,viz.Berkleasmium fusiforme,B.longisporum,Chlamydotubeufia cylindrica,Dematiohelicosporum guttulatum,Helicoarctatus aquaticus,Helicodochium aquaticum,Helicohyalinum infundibulum,Helicoma aquaticum,H.brunneisporum,H.cocois,H.rufum,H.fusiforme,H.longisporum,H.multiseptatum,H.rubriappendiculatum,H.septoconstrictum,H.tectonae,Helicomyces hyalosporus,Helicosporium aquaticum,H.flavisporum,H.setiferum,H.vesicarium,H.viridiflavum,Neochlamydo-tubeufia fusiformis,Neohelicomyces hyalosporus,Neohelicosporium acrogenisporum,N.astrictum,N.ellipsoideum,N.irregulare,N.krabiense,N.laxisporum,N.ovoideum,Pleurohelicosporium parvisporum,Pseudohelicomyces aquaticus,P.hyalosporus,Tubeufia abundata,T.bambusicola,T.brevis,T.brunnea,T.chlamydospora,T.dictyospora,T.eccentrica,T.fangchengensis,T.hechiensis,T.inaequalis,T.krabiensis,T.rubra,T.sessilis,T.sympodihylospora,T.sympodilaxispora,T.taiwanensis and T.tratensis;provide 43 new combinations,viz.Acanthohelicospora guianensis,Acanthotubeufia filiforme,Berkleasmium aquatica,B.guangxiense,B.latisporum,B.thailandicum,Dematiohelicoma perelegans,D.pulchrum,Dematiohelicomyces helicosporus,Dematiotubeufia chiangraiensis,Helicohyalinum aquaticum,Helicoma eli-norae,H.gigasporum,H.hongkongense,H.linderi,H.nematosporum,H.pannosum,H.serpentinum,Helicomyces chiayiensis,Helicotruncatum palmigenum,Neochlamydotubeufia khunkornensis,Neohelicoma fagacearum,Neoheli-comyces pallidus,Neohelicosporium abuense,N.aurantiellum,N.griseum,N.morganii,N.myrtacearum,N.nizam-abadense,N.sympodiophorum,N.taiwanense,N.vesiculiferum,Pseudohelicomyces indicus,P.paludosus,P.talbotii,Pseudohelicoon gigantisporum,P.subglobosum,Tubeufia dentophora,T.geniculata,T.lilliputea,T.machaerinae,T.sympodiophora and T.xylophila;introduce 16 new records,viz.Dictyospora thailandica,Helicomyces colligatus,H.torquatus,Neohelicosporium guangxiense,N.hyalosporum,N.parvisporum,Thaxteriellopsis lignicola,Tubeufia aquatica,T.chiangmaiensis,T.cylindrothecia,T.filiformis,T.guangxiensis,T.laxispora,T.parvispora,T.roseohelicospora and T.ectonae.The taxonomy of Helicoma,Helicomyces and Helicosporium is revisited based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological evidence.Neorhamphoria is transferred to Bezerromycetaceae.Three species are excluded from the genus Chlamydotubeufia,twelve species from Helicoma,four species from Helicomyces,25 species from Helicosporium,six species from Neoacanthostigma and one species from Tubeufia.A multi-gene phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of ITS,LSU,RPB2 and TEF1a sequence data of species of Tubeufiales is provided.Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided,as well as the morphological comparison with similar taxa are explored.The checklist of accepted Tubeufiales species and re-organised Tubeufiales species are provided.

Molecular data place the hyphomycetous lichenicolous genus Sclerococcum close to Dactylospora (Eurotiomycetes) and S. parmeliae in Cladophialophora (Chaetothyriales)

The lichenicolous anamorphic fungus Sclerococcum parmeliae was isolated in pure culture,and ITS,nuLSU and mtSSU sequences were obtained from these isolates.For comparison,sequences from S.sphaerale,the generic type,were obtained directly from freshly collected specimens.Phylogenetic analyses place S.sphaerale with species of Dactylospora and an unidentified lichen-inhabiting isolate in a strongly supported clade that is sister to a lineage comprising members of the Chaetothyriales and Pyrenulales.In contrast,S.parmeliae is inferred as a member of the Herpotrichiellaceae(Chaetothyriales)and belongs to a robustly supported clade that also includes species of Cladophialophora,Capronia semiimmersa,and Phialophora verrucosa.Within the Herpotrichiellaceae,S.parmeliae most closely resembles members of the anamorph genus Cladophialophora.Accordingly,we propose the transfer of S.parmeliae and the morphologically similar species S.cladoniae,S.hawksworthii and S.normandinae to Cladophialophora.A new lichenicolous species,Clad.megalosporae,collected twice on Megalospora in Florida and Papua New Guinea,is also described.