This study investigated the symbiotic and adverse consequence of hypogeal germination periods on nutrients and non-nutrient characteristics of brown rice(Oryza sativa).Brown rice paddy was subjected to hypogeal germin...This study investigated the symbiotic and adverse consequence of hypogeal germination periods on nutrients and non-nutrient characteristics of brown rice(Oryza sativa).Brown rice paddy was subjected to hypogeal germination for 0–72 h using one-factor design-response surface methodology(OFD-RSM)and evaluated for nutrients and non-nutrient characteristics.The results showed that hypogeal germination caused a significant(p<0.05)change in the proximate composition:protein(9.42–12.36%),fat(0.88–1.38%),ash(1.87–2.50%);anti-nutrients:saponin(2.03–2.22%),oxalate(2.44–3.45 mg/100 g),phytate(6.99–8.81 mg/100 g);functional properties:water absorption capacity,WAC(121.23–147.78%),oil absorption capacity,OAC(121.39–147.26%);antioxidants properties:2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH(35.30–43.60%),ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP(0.054–0.119 mMolFe^(2+)),metal chelating activity,MCA(44.28–52.99%),total phenolic content,TPC(0.623–0.798 mg gallic acid equipvalent per gram(mgGAE/g)),total flavonoid content,TFC(43.47–50.63 mg rutin equivalent per gram(mgRUTIN/g));and mineral content:calcium(36.0–41.76 mg/100 g),phosphorus(82.53–94.32 mg/100 g),and magnesium(162.70–168.36 mg/100 g).Germination had significant symbiotic effects(linear and quadratic)on the proximate,DPPH,FRAP,MCA,TPC,WAC,OAC,and anti-nutrients.Whereas,adverse effects(linear and quadratic)of germination were noted in total flavonoids and anti-nutrients.Optimum hypogeal germination period of 72.18 h was established and corresponding protein(12.37 g/100 g),fat(1.37 g/100 g),fibre(2.15 g/100 g),moisture(10.07 g/100 g),DPPH(43.66%),FRAP(0.105mMolFe^(2+)),TPC(0.08mgGAE/g),TFC(50.25MgRUTIN/g),WAC(147.99%),OAC(147.29%),Calcium(41.77 mg/100 g),iron(0.207 mg/100 g),zinc(5.89 mg/100 g),phosphorus(94.77 mg/100 g).Phenolic compounds profile of the optimized germinated brown rice showed the presence of gallic acid(2.84 mg/100 g),4-hydroxy benzoic acid(3.41 mg/100 g),caffeic acid(4.63 mg/100 g),vanillic acid(6.19 mg/100 g),catechin(3.88 mg/100 g),chlorogenic acid(1.93 mg/100 g),ferulic acid(4.16 mg/100 g),and quercetin(1.27 mg/100 g)whereas,the non-germinated rice showed gallic acid(2.05 mg/100 g),4-hydroxy benzoic acid(2.53 mg/100 g),caffeic acid(4.11 mg/100 g),vanillic acid(6.08 mg/100 g),catechin(3.35 mg/100 g),chlorogenic acid(1.89 mg/100 g),ferulic acid(4.23 mg/100 g),and quercetin(1.29 mg/100 g).Hypogeal germinated brown rice could find application as a functional ingredient in food formulation.展开更多
The ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra generated during lignans industrial production is usually treated as solid waste. However, there is active polysaccharide which could be used in it. In this work, the water-...The ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra generated during lignans industrial production is usually treated as solid waste. However, there is active polysaccharide which could be used in it. In this work, the water-soluble polysaccharides from the ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra（ESCP） were obtained and their anti-diabetic effect was evaluated. The results indicate that ESCP could significantly reduce the blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, the ESCP could significantly improve the lipid metabolism and increase the content of liver glycogen in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The results indicate that ESCP could be developed into a potential natural hypoglycemic agent.展开更多
Men with obesity often present with low testosterone(T)and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)levels.Several mechanisms for this have been proposed,but as SHBG is secreted by hepatocytes and sex steroids undergo hepati...Men with obesity often present with low testosterone(T)and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)levels.Several mechanisms for this have been proposed,but as SHBG is secreted by hepatocytes and sex steroids undergo hepatic metabolization,this study investigates whether severity and histological components of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are associated with sex steroid levels in obese men.This cross-sectional study included 80 obese men(age:46±11 years;body mass index:42.2±5.5 kg m^-2).Serum levels of total T and estradiol(E.)were measured using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy(LC/MS-MS)and SHBG and gonadotropins by immunoassay.Liver biopsies were evaluated using Steatosis.Activity,and Fibrosis scoring.Participants with steatohepatitis had similar median(1st quartile-3rd quartile)total T levels(7.6[5.0-11.0]nmol l^-1 vs 8.2[7.2-10.9]nmol l^-1;P=0.147),lower calculated free T(cFT)levels(148.9[122.9-188.8]pmol 1-1 s 199.5[157.3-237.6] pmol l^-1;P=0.006),and higher free E.T ratios(10.0[6.4-13.9]×10^-3 vs 7.1[5.7-10.7]×10^-3;P=0.026)compared to men with only nonalcoholic fatty liver.Among the histological components of NAFLD.only steatosis was independently associated with total T(r=-0.331.P=0.003)and cFT levels(r=-0.255.P=0.025).Obese men with.steatohepatitis have even lower cFT levels compared to those without,an association mainly driven by grade of steatosis.Whether this reflects a subgroup of men with a more severe obesity-related phenotype or results from direct relations between hepatic steatosis and sex steroid metabolism needs further investigation.展开更多
文摘This study investigated the symbiotic and adverse consequence of hypogeal germination periods on nutrients and non-nutrient characteristics of brown rice(Oryza sativa).Brown rice paddy was subjected to hypogeal germination for 0–72 h using one-factor design-response surface methodology(OFD-RSM)and evaluated for nutrients and non-nutrient characteristics.The results showed that hypogeal germination caused a significant(p<0.05)change in the proximate composition:protein(9.42–12.36%),fat(0.88–1.38%),ash(1.87–2.50%);anti-nutrients:saponin(2.03–2.22%),oxalate(2.44–3.45 mg/100 g),phytate(6.99–8.81 mg/100 g);functional properties:water absorption capacity,WAC(121.23–147.78%),oil absorption capacity,OAC(121.39–147.26%);antioxidants properties:2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH(35.30–43.60%),ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP(0.054–0.119 mMolFe^(2+)),metal chelating activity,MCA(44.28–52.99%),total phenolic content,TPC(0.623–0.798 mg gallic acid equipvalent per gram(mgGAE/g)),total flavonoid content,TFC(43.47–50.63 mg rutin equivalent per gram(mgRUTIN/g));and mineral content:calcium(36.0–41.76 mg/100 g),phosphorus(82.53–94.32 mg/100 g),and magnesium(162.70–168.36 mg/100 g).Germination had significant symbiotic effects(linear and quadratic)on the proximate,DPPH,FRAP,MCA,TPC,WAC,OAC,and anti-nutrients.Whereas,adverse effects(linear and quadratic)of germination were noted in total flavonoids and anti-nutrients.Optimum hypogeal germination period of 72.18 h was established and corresponding protein(12.37 g/100 g),fat(1.37 g/100 g),fibre(2.15 g/100 g),moisture(10.07 g/100 g),DPPH(43.66%),FRAP(0.105mMolFe^(2+)),TPC(0.08mgGAE/g),TFC(50.25MgRUTIN/g),WAC(147.99%),OAC(147.29%),Calcium(41.77 mg/100 g),iron(0.207 mg/100 g),zinc(5.89 mg/100 g),phosphorus(94.77 mg/100 g).Phenolic compounds profile of the optimized germinated brown rice showed the presence of gallic acid(2.84 mg/100 g),4-hydroxy benzoic acid(3.41 mg/100 g),caffeic acid(4.63 mg/100 g),vanillic acid(6.19 mg/100 g),catechin(3.88 mg/100 g),chlorogenic acid(1.93 mg/100 g),ferulic acid(4.16 mg/100 g),and quercetin(1.27 mg/100 g)whereas,the non-germinated rice showed gallic acid(2.05 mg/100 g),4-hydroxy benzoic acid(2.53 mg/100 g),caffeic acid(4.11 mg/100 g),vanillic acid(6.08 mg/100 g),catechin(3.35 mg/100 g),chlorogenic acid(1.89 mg/100 g),ferulic acid(4.23 mg/100 g),and quercetin(1.29 mg/100 g).Hypogeal germinated brown rice could find application as a functional ingredient in food formulation.
文摘The ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra generated during lignans industrial production is usually treated as solid waste. However, there is active polysaccharide which could be used in it. In this work, the water-soluble polysaccharides from the ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra（ESCP） were obtained and their anti-diabetic effect was evaluated. The results indicate that ESCP could significantly reduce the blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, the ESCP could significantly improve the lipid metabolism and increase the content of liver glycogen in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The results indicate that ESCP could be developed into a potential natural hypoglycemic agent.
基金The SMELSS and SIBLOS were supported by a grant from the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders(FWO-Vlaanderen,Grant No.1517316N and Grant No.G.0867.11,respectively).
文摘Men with obesity often present with low testosterone(T)and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)levels.Several mechanisms for this have been proposed,but as SHBG is secreted by hepatocytes and sex steroids undergo hepatic metabolization,this study investigates whether severity and histological components of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are associated with sex steroid levels in obese men.This cross-sectional study included 80 obese men(age:46±11 years;body mass index:42.2±5.5 kg m^-2).Serum levels of total T and estradiol(E.)were measured using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy(LC/MS-MS)and SHBG and gonadotropins by immunoassay.Liver biopsies were evaluated using Steatosis.Activity,and Fibrosis scoring.Participants with steatohepatitis had similar median(1st quartile-3rd quartile)total T levels(7.6[5.0-11.0]nmol l^-1 vs 8.2[7.2-10.9]nmol l^-1;P=0.147),lower calculated free T(cFT)levels(148.9[122.9-188.8]pmol 1-1 s 199.5[157.3-237.6] pmol l^-1;P=0.006),and higher free E.T ratios(10.0[6.4-13.9]×10^-3 vs 7.1[5.7-10.7]×10^-3;P=0.026)compared to men with only nonalcoholic fatty liver.Among the histological components of NAFLD.only steatosis was independently associated with total T(r=-0.331.P=0.003)and cFT levels(r=-0.255.P=0.025).Obese men with.steatohepatitis have even lower cFT levels compared to those without,an association mainly driven by grade of steatosis.Whether this reflects a subgroup of men with a more severe obesity-related phenotype or results from direct relations between hepatic steatosis and sex steroid metabolism needs further investigation.
基金The Joint Funds of the National Science Foundation of China and Yunnan Province Government(No.U1202262)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30470011,31270075)+1 种基金International Cooperation Yunnan Program of Innovation to Strengthen Provinces by Science&Technology(No.2009AC013)Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of Eastern Asia,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.0806361121)
