Unveiling the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha in osteoporosis:Implications for bone health

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis(OP)has become a major public health problem worldwide.Most OP treatments are based on the inhibition of bone resorption,and it is necessary to identify additional treatments aimed at enhancing osteogenesis.In the bone marrow(BM)niche,bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)are exposed to a hypoxic environment.Recently,a few studies have demonstrated that hypoxiainducible factor 2alpha(HIF-2α)is involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation,but the molecular mechanism involved has not been determined.AIM To investigate the effect of HIF-2αon the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the hematopoietic function of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)in the BM niche on the progression of OP.METHODS Mice with BMSC-specific HIF-2αknockout(Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl mice)were used for in vivo experiments.Bone quantification was performed on mice of two genotypes with three interventions:Bilateral ovariectomy,semilethal irradiation,and dexamethasone treatment.Moreover,the hematopoietic function of HSCs in the BM niche was compared between the two mouse genotypes.In vitro,the HIF-2αagonist roxadustat and the HIF-2αinhibitor PT2399 were used to investigate the function of HIF-2αin BMSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.Finally,we investigated the effect of HIF-2αon BMSCs via treatment with the mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)agonist MHY1485 and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin.RESULTS The quantitative index determined by microcomputed tomography indicated that the femoral bone density of Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl mice was lower than that of Hif-2αfl/fl mice under the three intervention conditions.In vitro,Hif-2αfl/fl mouse BMSCs were cultured and treated with the HIF-2αagonist roxadustat,and after 7 d of BMSC adipogenic differentiation,the oil red O staining intensity and mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes in BMSCs treated with roxadustat were decreased;in addition,after 14 d of osteogenic differentiation,BMSCs treated with roxadustat exhibited increased expression of osteogenesis-related genes.The opposite effects were shown for mouse BMSCs treated with the HIF-2αinhibitor PT2399.The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was used to confirm that HIF-2αregulated BMSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation by inhibiting the mTOR pathway.Consequently,there was no significant difference in the hematopoietic function of HSCs between Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl and Hif-2αfl/fl mice.CONCLUSION Our study showed that inhibition of HIF-2αdecreases bone mass by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation and increasing the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through inhibition of mTOR signaling in the BM niche.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1αin myocardial infarction

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF1)has a crucial function in the regulation of oxygen levels in mammalian cells,especially under hypoxic conditions.Its importance in cardiovascular diseases,particularly in cardiac ischemia,is because of its ability to alleviate cardiac dysfunction.The oxygen-responsive subunit,HIF1α,plays a crucial role in this process,as it has been shown to have cardioprotective effects in myocardial infarction through regulating the expression of genes affecting cellular survival,angiogenesis,and metabolism.Furthermore,HIF1αexpression induced reperfusion in the ischemic skeletal muscle,and hypoxic skin wounds in diabetic animal models showed reduced HIF1αexpression.Increased expression of HIF1αhas been shown to reduce apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes during acute myocardial infarction.Genetic variations in HIF1αhave also been found to correlate with altered responses to ischemic cardiovascular disease.In addition,a link has been established between the circadian rhythm and hypoxic molecular signaling pathways,with HIF1αfunctioning as an oxygen sensor and circadian genes such as period circadian regulator 2 responding to changes in light.This editorial analyzes the relationship between HIF1αand the circadian rhythm and highlights its significance in myocardial adaptation to hypoxia.Understanding the changes in molecular signaling pathways associated with diseases,specifically cardiovascular diseases,provides the opportunity for innovative therapeutic interventions,especially in low-oxygen environments such as myocardial infarction.

Frequency of the C677T Polymorphism of MTHFR, G20210A of Prothrombin and R506Q of Factor V Leiden in Type 2 Diabetics in Abidjan

In Africa, the prevalence of diabetes is escalating and remains a concern due to the numerous complications it causes. Vascular damage associated with diabetes leads to a prothrombotic state observed in diabetic individuals. Diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease involving genetic components. With the aim of preventing complications and contributing to an efficient management of diabetes, we investigated genes likely to lead to a risk of thrombosis, in particular the C677T of MTHFR, G20210A of prothrombin, and R506Q of factor V Leiden in type 2 diabetics in Abidjan receiving ambulatory care. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on consenting type 2 diabetic patients. Mutation detection was carried out using the PCR-RFLP method employing restriction enzymes. Hemostasis tests (fibrinogen, D-dimers, fibrin monomers, and von Willebrand factor) were performed using citrate tubes on the Stage? Star Max automated system. Plasminogen activator inhibitor was assayed by ELISA method, and biochemical parameters were determined using the COBAS C311. The study population consisted of 45 diabetic patients, 51.1% of whom presented vascular complications, mainly neuropathy. Disturbances in hemostasis parameters were observed, with 15.5% of patients showing an increase in fibrin monomers. Mutation analysis revealed an absence of factor V mutation (factor V Leiden) and of G20210A mutation of the prothrombin gene. However, 15.6% of subjects had a heterozygous C677T mutation of MTHFR, with 57% of them being anemic. The exploration of biological and genetic factors associated with thrombotic risk is of significant interest in the optimal management of African type 2 diabetics.

Prognostic significance of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 expression in glioma patients:A systematic review and metaanalys

BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm.Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas,patient prognosis remains dismal.Therefore,it is imperative to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of glioma to effectively improve treatment outcomes.AIM To investigate the association between oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2(Olig2)expression and the outcomes of glioma patients.METHODS The PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for studies(published up to October 2023)that investigated the relationship between Olig2 expression and prognosis of glioma patients.The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.Data analyses were performed using Stata Version 12.0 software.RESULTS A total of 1205 glioma patients from six studies were included in the metaanalysis.High Olig2 expression was associated with better outcomes in glioma patients[hazard ratio(HR):0.81;95%(confidence interval)CI:0.51-1.27;P=0.000].Furthermore,the results of subgroup meta-analysis showed that high expression of Olig2 was associated with poor overall survival in European patients(HR:1.34;95%CI:0.79-2.27)and better prognosis in Asian patients(HR:0.43;95%CI:0.22-0.84).The sensitivity analysis showed that no single study had a significant effect on pooled HR,and there was also no indication of publication bias according to the Egger’s and Begger’s P value test or funnel plot test.CONCLUSION High Olig2 expression may have a positive impact on the prognosis of glioma patients,and should be investigated further as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.

Research Progress on Self-Efficacy Level of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influencing Factors

Self-efficacy plays an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and it runs through the whole process of diabetes treatment, which is conducive to controlling and delaying the occurrence and development of complications, as well as improving the quality of life of patients. This paper mainly describes the concept of self-efficacy, the current situation of self-efficacy of diabetic patients at home and abroad, the functional aspects and their influencing factors, so as to take relevant measures on how to improve self-efficacy. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of self-efficacy interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Analysis of the influencing factors and clinical related characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND In China,the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among diabetic patients is estimated to be between 90%-95%.Additionally,China is among the 22 countries burdened by a high number of tuberculosis cases,with approximately 4.5 million individuals affected by active tuberculosis.Notably,T2DM poses a significant risk factor for the development of tuberculosis,as evidenced by the increased incidence of T2DM coexisting with pulmonary tuberculosis(T2DMPTB),which has risen from 19.3%to 24.1%.It is evident that these two diseases are intricately interconnected and mutually reinforcing in nature.AIM To elucidate the clinical features of individuals diagnosed with both T2DM and tuberculosis(T2DM-PTB),as well as to investigate the potential risk factors associated with active tuberculosis in patients with T2DM.METHODS T2DM-PTB patients who visited our hospital between January 2020 and January 2023 were selected as the observation group,Simple DM patients presenting to our hospital in the same period were the control group,Controls and case groups were matched 1:2 according to the principle of the same sex,age difference(±3)years and disease duration difference(±5)years,patients were investigated for general demographic characteristics,diabetes-related characteristics,body immune status,lifestyle and behavioral habits,univariate and multivariate analysis of the data using conditional logistic regression,calculate the odds ratio(OR)values and 95%CI of OR values.RESULTS A total of 315 study subjects were included in this study,including 105 subjects in the observation group and 210 subjects in the control group.Comparison of the results of both anthropometric and biochemical measures showed that the constitution index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and lymphocyte count were significantly lower in the case group,while fasting blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher than those in the control group.The results of univariate analysis showed that poor glucose control,hypoproteinemia,lymphopenia,TB contact history,high infection,smoking and alcohol consumption were positively associated with PTB in T2DM patients;married,history of hypertension,treatment of oral hypoglycemic drugs plus insulin,overweight,obesity and regular exercise were negatively associated with PTB in T2DM patients.Results of multivariate stepwise regression analysis found lymphopenia(OR=17.75,95%CI:3.40-92.74),smoking(OR=12.25,95%CI:2.53-59.37),history of TB contact(OR=6.56,95%CI:1.23-35.03)and poor glycemic control(OR=3.37,95%CI:1.11-10.25)was associated with an increased risk of developing PTB in patients with T2DM,While being overweight(OR=0.23,95%CI:0.08-0.72)and obesity(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.02-0.72)was associated with a reduced risk of developing PTB in patients with T2DM.CONCLUSION T2DM-PTB patients are prone to worse glycemic control,higher infection frequency,and a higher proportion of people smoking,drinking alcohol,and lack of exercise.Lymphopenia,smoking,history of TB exposure,poor glycemic control were independent risk factors for T2DM-PTB,and overweight and obesity were associated with reduced risk of concurrent PTB in patients with T2DM.

Inetetamab combined with tegafur as second-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive gastric cancer: A case report

BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)plays a vital role in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis.However,the prognosis of HER2-positive gastric cancer is poor.Inetetamab,a novel anti-HER2 targeting drug independently developed in China,exhibits more potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity than trastuzumab,which is administered as the first-line treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer in combination with chemotherapy.In this case,the efficacy and safety of inetetamab combined with tegafur was investigated as a second-line treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old male patient with HER2-positive gastric cancer presented with abdominal distension,poor appetite,and fatigue two years after receiving six cycles of oxaliplatin combined with tegafur as first-line treatment after surgery,followed by tegafur monotherapy for six months.The patient was diagnosed with postoperative recurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma.He received 17 cycles of a combination of inetetamab,an innovative domestically developed anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody,and tegafur chemotherapy as the second-line treatment(inetetamab 200 mg on day 1,every 3 wk combined with tegafur twice daily on days 1–14,every 3 wk).Evaluation of the efficacy of the second-line treatment revealed that the patient achieved a stable condition and progression-free survival of 17 months.He tolerated the treatment well without exhibiting any grade 3-4 adverse events.CONCLUSION Inetetamab combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic HER2-positive gastric cancer demonstrates significant survival benefits and acceptable safety.

PRaG 3.0 therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a highly fatal disease with limited effective treatment especially after first-line chemotherapy.The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2)immunohistochemistry(IHC)positive is associated with more aggressive clinical behavior and shorter overall survival in PDAC.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of multiple metastatic PDAC with IHC mismatch repair proficient but HER-2 IHC weakly positive at diagnosis that didn’t have tumor regression after first-line nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and PD-1 inhibitor treatment.A novel combination therapy PRaG 3.0 of RC48(HER2-antibody-drug conjugate),radio-therapy,PD-1 inhibitor,granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 was then applied as second-line therapy and the patient had confirmed good partial response with progress-free-survival of 6.5 months and overall survival of 14.2 month.She had not developed any grade 2 or above treatment-related adverse events at any point.Percentage of peripheral CD8^(+) Temra and CD4^(+) Temra were increased during first two activation cycles of PRaG 3.0 treatment containing radiotherapy but deceased to the baseline during the maintenance cycles containing no radiotherapy.CONCLUSION PRaG 3.0 might be a novel strategy for HER2-positive metastatic PDAC patients who failed from previous first-line approach and even PD-1 immunotherapy but needs more data in prospective trials.

Study on the Influencing Factors of L2 Reading Ability and Its Regulation Strategies

This paper takes college students as research subjects to investigate the factors affecting L2 Reading ability and their regulation strategies through scale surveys.The findings are as follows:(1)Linguistic factors have significant impacts on L2 Reading ability,and the influence of non-linguistic factors,such as non-intellectual factors and cultural background knowledge,is also important;and(2)flexible use of reading regulation strategies according to the learning conditions(such as the information extraction strategy,the metacognitive reading regulation strategy,and the interactive reading strategy)can effectively improve learners’L2 Reading ability.The findings of this study have important theoretical and practical value for improving L2 learners’Reading ability.

MicroRNA-584-5p/RUNX family transcription factor 2 axis mediates hypoxia-induced osteogenic differentiation of periosteal stem cells

BACKGROUND The hypoxic environment during bone healing is important in regulating the differentiation of periosteal stem cells(PSCs)into osteoblasts or chondrocytes;however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To determine the effect of hypoxia on PSCs,and the expression of microRNA-584-5p(miR-584-5p)and RUNX family transcription factor 2(RUNX2)in PSCs was modulated to explore the impact of the miR-584-5p/RUNX2 axis on hypoxiainduced osteogenic differentiation of PSCs.METHODS In this study,we isolated primary mouse PSCs and stimulated them with hypoxia,and the characteristics and functional genes related to PSC osteogenic differentiation were assessed.Constructs expressing miR-584-5p and RUNX2 were established to determine PSC osteogenic differentiation.RESULTS Hypoxic stimulation induced PSC osteogenic differentiation and significantly increased calcified nodules,intracellular calcium ion levels,and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in PSCs.Osteogenic differentiation-related factors such as RUNX2,bone morphogenetic protein 2,hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha,and ALP were upregulated;in contrast,miR-584-5p was downregulated in these cells.Furthermore,upregulation of miR-584-5p significantly inhibited RUNX2 expression and hypoxia-induced PSC osteogenic differentiation.RUNX2 was the target gene of miR-584-5p,antagonizing miR-584-5p inhibition in hypoxia-induced PSC osteogenic differentiation.CONCLUSION Our study showed that the interaction of miR-584-5p and RUNX2 could mediate PSC osteogenic differentiation induced by hypoxia.

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activates ectopic production of fibroblast growth factor 23 in tumor-induced osteomalacia

Tumor-induced osteomalacia （TIO） is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome in which ectopic production of fibroblast growth factor 23 （FGF23） by non-malignant mesenchymal tumors causes phosphate wasting and bone fractures. Recent studies have implicated the hypoxia-inducible factor-la （HIF-la） in other phosphate wasting disorders caused by elevated FGF23, including X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and autosomal dominant hypophosphatemia. Here we provide evidence that HIF-la mediates aberrant FGF23 in TIO by transcriptionally activating its promoter. Immunohistochemical studies in phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors resected from patients with documented TIO showed that HIF-la and FGF23 were co-localized in spindle- shaped cells adjacent to blood vessels. Cultured tumor tissue produced high levels of intact FGF23 and demonstrated increased expression of HIF-la protein. Transfection of MC3T3-E1 and Saos-2 cells with a HIF-la expression construct induced the activity of a FGF23 reporter construct. Prior treatment of tumor organ cultures with HIF-la inhibitors decreased HIF-la and FGF23 protein accumulation and inhibited HIF-la-induced luciferase reporter activity in transfected cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed binding to a HIF-la consensus sequence within the proximal FGF23 promoter, which was eliminated by treatment with a HIF-la inhibitor. These results show for the first time that HIF-la is a direct transcriptional activator of FGF23 and suggest that upregulation of HIF-la activity in TIO contributes to the aberrant FGF23 production in these patients.

Effect of lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha delivered by pluronic F-127 hydrogel on brachial plexus avulsion in rats

Brachial plexus avulsion often results in massive motor neuron death and severe functional deficits of target muscles. However, no satisfactory treatment is currently available. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α is a critical molecule targeting several genes associated with ischemia-hypoxia damage and angiogenesis. In this study, a rat model of brachial plexus avulsion-reimplantation was established, in which C5–7 ventral nerve roots were avulsed and only the C6 root reimplanted. Different implants were immediately injected using a microsyringe into the avulsion-reimplantation site of the C6 root post-brachial plexus avulsion. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: phosphate-buffered saline, negative control of lentivirus, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(hypoxia-inducible factor 1α overexpression lentivirus), gel(pluronic F-127 hydrogel), and gel + hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(pluronic F-127 hydrogel + hypoxia-inducible factor 1α overexpression lentivirus). The Terzis grooming test was performed to assess recovery of motor function. Scores were higher in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and gel +hypoxia-inducible factor 1α groups(in particular the gel + hypoxia-inducible factor 1α group) compared with the phosphate-buffered saline group. Electrophysiology, fluorogold retrograde tracing, and immunofluorescent staining were further performed to investigate neural pathway reconstruction and changes of neurons, motor endplates, and angiogenesis. Compared with the phosphate-buffered saline group, action potential latency of musculocutaneous nerves was markedly shortened in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and gel + hypoxia-inducible factor1α groups. Meanwhile, the number of fluorogold-positive cells and ChAT-positive neurons, neovascular area(labeled by CD31 around av ulsed sites in ipsilateral spinal cord segments), and the number of motor endplates in biceps brachii(identified by α-bungarotoxin) were all visibly increased, as well as the morphology of motor endplate in biceps brachil was clear in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and gel + hypoxia-inducible factor 1α groups. Taken together, delivery of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α overexpression lentiviral vectors mediated by pluronic F-127 effectively promotes spinal root regeneration and functional recovery post-brachial plexus avulsion. All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Guangdong Medical University, China.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α–mediated upregulation of CD99 promotes the proliferation of placental mesenchymal stem cells by regulating ERK1/2

BACKGROUND As human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hP-MSCs)exist in a physiologically hypoxic microenvironment,various studies have focused on the influence of hypoxia.However,the underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored.AIM The aim was to reveal the possible mechanisms by which hypoxia enhances the proliferation of hP-MSCs.METHODS A hypoxic cell incubator(2.5%O2)was used to mimic a hypoxic microenvironment.Cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine incorporation assays were used to assay the proliferation of hP-MSCs.The cell cycle was profiled by flow cytometry.Transcriptome profiling of hP-MSCs under hypoxia was performed by RNA sequencing.CD99 mRNA expression was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Small interfering RNA-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)or CD99 knockdown of hP-MSCs,luciferase reporter assays,and the ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor PD98059 were used in the mechanistic analysis.Protein expression was assayed by western blotting;immunofluorescence assays were conducted to evaluate changes in expression levels.RESULTS Hypoxia enhanced hP-MSC proliferation,increased the expression of cyclin E1,cyclin-dependent kinase 2,and cyclin A2,and decreased the expression of p21.Under hypoxia,CD99 expression was increased by HIF-1α.CD99-specific small interfering RNA or the ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor PD98059 abrogated the hypoxia-induced increase in cell proliferation.CONCLUSION Hypoxia promoted hP-MSCs proliferation in a manner dependent on CD99 regulation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in vitro.

姜酮通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路减轻OGD/R后氧化应激损伤对HT22细胞凋亡的抑制作用

目的:探讨姜酮对氧糖剥夺/复糖复氧(OGD/R)后小鼠海马神经元HT22细胞的保护作用,阐明其相关作用机制。方法:培养HT22细胞,设置不同OGD/R时间梯度,建立OGD/R细胞损伤模型。HT22细胞分为对照组、OGD/R组、OGD/R+1μmol·L^(-1)姜酮组、OGD/R+10μmol·L^(-1)姜酮、OGD/R+100μmol·L^(-1)姜酮组和OGD/R+0.2%二甲亚枫(DMSO)组,CCK-8法检测各组细胞活性并计算各组细胞存活率,确定姜酮最适药物浓度。细胞分为对照组、OGD/R组、OGD/R+姜酮组和OGD/R+姜酮+核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)抑制剂(ML385)组,OGD/R+姜酮组细胞经姜酮给药处理4 h后予以OGD 8 h和复糖复氧8 h处理,OGD/R+姜酮+ML385组细胞在姜酮给药前予以10μmol·L^(-1)ML385预处理6 h,CCK-8法检测各组细胞活性,Western blotting法检测各组细胞中Nrf2、血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)、B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)和Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)蛋白表达水平,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测各组细胞培养上清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果:与对照组比较,HT22细胞经OGD 8 h和复糖复糖8 h处理后细胞存活率低于50%,以OGD 8 h和复糖复糖8 h建立HT22细胞OGD/R模型。与OGD/R组比较,OGD/R+不同剂量姜酮组细胞存活率均不同程度升高,其中OGD/R+100μmol·L^(-1)姜酮组细胞存活率升高最明显(P<0.01),故选用100μmol·L^(-1)姜酮用于后续实验。与对照组比较,OGD/R组细胞活性明显降低(P<0.01),细胞中Nrf2、HO-1和Bax蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),Bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),细胞培养上清中SOD活性明显降低(P<0.01),MDA水平明显升高(P<0.01);与OGD/R组比较,OGD/R+姜酮组细胞活性明显升高(P<0.01),细胞中Nrf2、HO-1和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),Bax蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),细胞培养上清中SOD活性明显升高(P<0.01),MDA水平明显降低(P<0.01);与OGD/R+姜酮组比较,OGD/R+姜酮+ML385组细胞活性明显降低(P<0.01),细胞中Nrf2、HO-1和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01),Bax蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),细胞培养上清中SOD活性明显降低(P<0.01),MDA水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:姜酮可通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路减轻OGD/R后氧化应激损伤对HT22细胞凋亡的抑制作用。

BMAL1减轻H_(2)O_(2)诱导的心肌细胞损伤机制研究

目的探讨脑和肌肉组织芳香烃受体核转运蛋白的类似蛋白1(BMAL1)通过核因子E2相关因子2(NRF2)调节活性氧(ROS)/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体通路对过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))诱导的心肌细胞损伤的影响。方法体外培养H9c2细胞和BMAL1稳定过表达的H9c2细胞,建立H_(2)O_(2)诱导的H9c2细胞损伤模型,并将细胞分为对照(Control)组、H_(2)O_(2)组、BMAL1过表达(BMAL1-OE)组、BMAL1过表达+H_(2)O_(2)(BMAL1-OE+H_(2)O_(2))组、BMAL1过表达+NRF2抑制剂(BMAL1-OE+ML385)组、BMAL1过表达+NRF2抑制剂+H_(2)O_(2)(BMAL1-OE+ML385+H_(2)O_(2))组。采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,荧光探针2’,7’-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯检测ROS生成,Western blot检测BMAL1、NRF2和NLRP3蛋白表达,酶联免疫吸附试验法检测白细胞介素(IL)-1β释放。结果与Control组相比,H_(2)O_(2)组H9c2心肌细胞活力减弱,ROS生成增多,BMAL1和NRF2蛋白表达水平降低,NLRP3蛋白表达水平升高,IL-1β释放增多(P<0.05);与H_(2)O_(2)组相比,BMAL1-OE+H_(2)O_(2)组H9c2心肌细胞活力升高,ROS生成减少,BMAL1和NRF2蛋白表达水平升高,NLRP3蛋白表达水平降低,IL-1β释放减少(P<0.05)。与BMAL1-OE+H_(2)O_(2)组相比,BMAL1-OE+ML385+H_(2)O_(2)组H9c2心肌细胞活力减弱,ROS生成增多,NLRP3蛋白表达水平升高,IL-1β释放增多(P<0.05)。结论BMAL1可减轻H_(2)O_(2)诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤,其机制可能与NRF2调节ROS/NLRP3炎症小体通路有关。

岩藻黄质活化核因子E2相关因子2改善糖皮质激素诱导的成骨细胞凋亡

背景:骨质疏松症发病率高,易导致骨折等并发症的发生,而现有药物干预不良反应大,难以满足临床需求。目的:探索岩藻黄质对糖皮质激素诱导成骨细胞骨质疏松症模型的作用与潜在机制。方法:将原代大鼠成骨细胞接种于6孔板内,待细胞融合度达到80%后分4组干预:对照组单纯培养24 h,糖皮质激素组使用地塞米松干预24 h,岩藻黄质组使用岩藻黄质干预24 h,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组使用地塞米松与岩藻黄质同时干预24 h。干预结束后,检测细胞增殖、凋亡、细胞内活性氧含量以及凋亡相关蛋白、骨形成相关蛋白、细胞核核因子E2相关因子2的蛋白表达。结果与结论:①CCK-8检测显示,与对照组比较,糖皮质激素组细胞活性降低(P<0.05);与糖皮质激素组比较,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组细胞活性升高(P<0.05);②JC-1线粒体膜电位染色与流式细胞学检测显示,与对照组比较,糖皮质激素组细胞凋亡比例增加(P<0.05);与糖皮质激素组比较,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组细胞凋亡比例减少(P<0.05);③Western Blot检测显示,与对照组比较,糖皮质激素组BAX、裂解聚ADP核糖聚合酶的蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),BCL2、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1肽链、碱性磷酸酶、骨钙蛋白、RUNX2的蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与糖皮质激素组比较,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组BAX、裂解聚ADP核糖聚合酶的蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),BCL2、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1肽链、碱性磷酸酶、骨钙蛋白、RUNX2的蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);④荧光探针检测显示,与对照组比较,糖皮质激素组活性氧含量增加(P<0.05);与糖皮质激素组比较,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组活性氧含量减少(P<0.05);⑤免疫荧光染色与Western Blot检测显示,与对照组比较,糖皮质激素组细胞核核因子E2相关因子2的蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与糖皮质激素组比较,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组细胞核核因子E2相关因子2的蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);⑥结果表明,岩藻黄质通过活化核因子E2相关因子2改善糖皮质激素诱导的成骨细胞凋亡与骨形成相关分子表达。

金合欢素调节Sirt1/AMPK/Nrf2信号通路对糖尿病白内障大鼠氧化应激损伤的影响

目的探讨金合欢素对糖尿病白内障(DC)大鼠氧化应激损伤的影响及其对沉默调节蛋白1(Sirt1)/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)信号通路的调控作用。方法60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、金合欢素低剂量组、金合欢素高剂量组、金合欢素+Sirt1抑制剂(EX527)组,除对照组以外均构建DC大鼠模型,其中,金合欢素低剂量组、金合欢素高剂量组大鼠分别经颈部皮下注射10 mg·kg^(-1)、20 mg·kg^(-1)的金合欢素,金合欢素+EX527组大鼠经颈部皮下注射20 mg·kg^(-1)金合欢素,均为每天2次,同时金合欢素+EX527组大鼠经皮下埋入渗透微型泵每天泵入3.5 mg·kg^(-1)EX527,其余组别均泵入等量生理盐水,给药持续4周。给药结束后,测量血压和空腹血糖(FBG),裂隙灯照射法观察大鼠晶状体混浊状况,HE染色观察晶状体组织病理学变化,ELISA测定血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β的含量,Western blot检测Sirt1、p-AMPK、AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组相比,模型组大鼠晶状体上皮细胞呈片状、条索状,发生迁移性聚集,收缩压、FBG、晶状体混浊评分、MDA、IL-6、IL-1β水平均升高,SOD、GSH-Px含量及Sirt1、p-AMPK/AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平均降低(均为P<0.05);与模型组比较,金合欢素低、高剂量组大鼠晶状体上皮细胞迁移性聚集现象改善,收缩压、FBG、晶状体混浊评分、MDA、IL-6、IL-1β水平均降低,SOD、GSH-Px含量及Sirt1、p-AMPK/AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平均升高(均为P<0.05);与金合欢素高剂量组比较,金合欢素+EX527组晶状体上皮细胞形态改变和聚集现象加重,收缩压、FBG、晶状体混浊评分、MDA、IL-6、IL-1β水平均升高,SOD、GSH-Px含量及Sirt1、p-AMPK/AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平均降低(均为P<0.05)。结论金合欢素可能通过激活Sirt1/AMPK/Nrf2通路保护DC大鼠免受氧化应激损伤。

变应性鼻炎对SARS-CoV-2感染的影响调查

目的探讨患有变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)是否会影响新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染的比率和严重程度。方法招募AR患者及无AR的对照者,进行单中心回顾性问卷调查。问卷内容包括受访者的基本人口学特征,是否有SARS-CoV-2感染,感染症状的严重程度评分,以及可能影响感染严重度的危险因素,完成问卷后进行统计分析。结果AR组SARS-CoV-2感染率为83.9%(162/193),对照组感染率为86.0%(166/193),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AR组的感染症状严重度总评分为10(7,14)分,与对照组[10(6,13)分]比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AR患者感染SARS-CoV-2后的憋气、呕吐、腹泻症状要比对照组更严重。男性AR患者的SARS-CoV-2感染症状严重度总评分[8.0(5.8,11.0)分]低于女性AR患者[10.5(8.0,14.0)分],差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论在本研究调查的SARS-CoV-2感染轻症群体中,AR患者与对照组的感染率及严重度均未见差异,但性别可能会影响AR患者感染症状的严重程度。

紫草素调节Nrf2/HO-1信号通路对实验性大鼠肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎的治疗作用研究

目的探究紫草素(Shikonin,SHI)通过调节核因子-红细胞2型相关因子2/血红素加氧酶(Nrf2/HO-1)信号通路对肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎模型大鼠的影响及作用机制。方法建立肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(GLM)大鼠模型,将大鼠分为对照组(Control组)、模型组(GLM组)、紫草素低剂量组(SHI-L组,17.5 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)SHI)、紫草素中剂量组(SHI-M组,35 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)SHI)、紫草素高剂量组(SHI-H组,70mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)SHI)和紫草素高剂量+Nrf2抑制剂ML385组(SHI-H+ML385组,70 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)SHI+14 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)ML385)。HE染色观察乳腺组织病理变化情况;ELISA检测乳腺组织中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-8、T-AOC、SOD、GSH、MPO、NAGase和ROS水平;免疫荧光检测NLRP3表达;Western blotting检测Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达。结果与Control组相比,GLM组大鼠乳腺小叶完全被破坏、大片结节样慢性肉芽肿炎性病灶生成,乳腺小叶组织边界不清,腺叶内出现空泡,伴有大量淋巴细胞及中性粒细胞浸润;IL-8、IL-1β、TNF-α、ROS、MPO和NAGase水平、NLRP3阳性表达率显著增加(P<0.05),T-AOC、SOD和GSH水平、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。与GLM组相比,SHI-L组、SHI-M组和SHI-H组乳腺组织病变逐渐减轻;IL-8、IL-1β、TNF-α、ROS、MPO和NAGase水平、NLRP3阳性表达率依次降低(P<0.05),T-AOC、SOD和GSH水平、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达依次升高(P<0.05)。与SHI-H组相比,SHI-H+ML385组乳腺组织病变加重;IL-8、IL-1β、TNF-α、ROS、MPO和NAGase水平、NLRP3阳性表达率显著增加(P<0.05),T-AOC、SOD和GSH水平、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论紫草素发挥抗炎抗氧化作用改善大鼠肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎,其机制可能与激活Nrf2信号通路,上调HO-1表达有关。

FGF2和BMP-2对Ⅲ、Ⅳ型慢性骨髓炎患者病灶清除联合封闭负压引流治疗预后的预测价值

目的探讨成纤维细胞生长因子2(FGF2)和骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)对Ⅲ、Ⅳ型慢性骨髓炎患者病灶清除联合封闭负压引流治疗预后的预测价值。方法前瞻性选取2020年1月—2021年12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院住院治疗的105例Ⅲ、Ⅳ型慢性骨髓炎患者作为研究对象,均接受病灶清除联合封闭负压引流治疗,按不同治疗预后分为疗效好组75例(71.4%)和疗效差组30例(28.6%)。比较两组患者的临床资料、血清炎症因子、FGF2及BMP-2表达水平;采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响患者预后的独立危险因素,分析FGF2及BMP-2与预后的关系;构建相关列线图模型,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和决策曲线,分析FGF2、BMP-2及联合预测模型的预测效能和净收益率。结果疗效差组Ⅳ型Cierny-Mader分型及窦道形成患者占比高于疗效好组(P<0.05)。疗效差组患者术前红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均高于疗效好组(P<0.05),疗效差组患者术前FGF2及BMP-2水平均低于疗效好组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,Cierny-Mader分型[O^R=5.036(95%CI:1.369,9.894)]、窦道形成[O^R=2.987(95%CI:1.156,7.247)]、FGF2[O^R=0.446(95%CI:0.129,0.735)]和BMP-2[O^R=0.485(95%CI:0.212,0.738)]为影响Ⅲ、Ⅳ型慢性骨髓炎患者预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。基于FGF2、BMP-2构建预测预后的列线图模型,校准曲线显示,Ⅲ、Ⅳ型慢性骨髓炎患者治疗疗效的预测值与实际观测值十分接近;ROC曲线分析结果显示,Cierny-Mader分型、窦道形成、FGF2及BMP-2预测预后的曲线下面积分别为0.783(95%CI:0.754,0.875)、0.752(95%CI:0.761,0.893)、0.823(95%CI:0.789,0.885)及0.811(95%CI:0.797,0.875),FGF2及BMP-2的最佳截断值分别为18.9 ng/L和113.5 ng/L,4者联合预测的曲线下面积为0.952(95%CI:0.896,0.991);决策曲线分析结果显示,Cierny-Mader分型、窦道形成、FGF2及BMP-2预测预后均具有良好的净收益率,并且联合预测的总体净收益率高于单一指标。结论基于Cierny-Mader分型、窦道形成、FGF2及BMP-24个指标构建的列线图模型能准确预测Ⅲ、Ⅳ型慢性骨髓炎患者病灶清除联合封闭负压引流治疗预后。