Comparative proteomics reveals the response and adaptation mechanisms of white Hypsizygus marmoreus against the biological stress caused by Penicillium

White Hypsizygus marmoreus is a popular edible mushroom.Its mycelium is easy to be contaminated by Penicillium,which leads to a decrease in its quality and yield.Penicillium could compete for limited space and nutrients through rapid growth and produce a variety of harmful gases,such as benzene,aldehydes,phenols,etc.,to inhibit the growth of H.marmoreus mycelium.A series of changes occurred in H.marmoreus proteome after contamination when detected by the label-free tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS)technique.Some proteins with up-regulated expression worked together to participate in some processes,such as the non-toxic transformation of harmful gases,glutathione metabolism,histone modification,nucleotide excision repair,clearing misfolded proteins,and synthesizing glutamine,which were mainly used in response to biological stress.The proteins with down-regulated expression are mainly related to the processes of ribosome function,protein processing,spliceosome,carbon metabolism,glycolysis,and gluconeogenesis.The reduction in the function of these proteins affected the production of the cell components,which might be an adjustment to adapt to growth retardation.This study further enhanced the understanding of the biological stress response and the growth restriction adaptation mechanisms in edible fungi.It also provided a theoretical basis for protein function exploration and edible mushroom food safety research.

Design and Application of Environmental Monitoring System for Hypsizygus marmoreus in the Cultivation Room

Hypsizygus marmoreus has a significant dependence on environment at the mycelium growth stage. ln order to col ect, process and display real-time data of temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration in cultivation room, along-distance environ-ment monitoring system with multi-technology is designed. The curves of tempera-ture, humidity and CO2 concentration, fitted by the MATLAB data fitting toolbox with the experimental data, reflected the changing trend of environmental factors. The mathematical model of CO2 concentration was established by regression analysis, and the regulation strategy that the ventilation period of half an hour and the venti-lation duration of 5 minutes was put forward.

A Viscidane Diterpene and Polyacetylenes from Cultures of Hypsizygus marmoreus

Investigation on the cultures of Hypsizygus marmoreus resulted in the isolation of a new viscidane diterpene,8-oxoviscida-3,11(18)-diene-13,14,15,19-tetraol(1)and two new polyacetylenes,(E)-10-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyloxy)-2-decene-4,6,8-triyn-1-ol(2)and 10-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyloxy)deca-4,6,8-triyn-1-ol(3),together with two known polyacetylenes,(E)-2-decen-4,6,8-triyn-1-ol(4)and 4,6,8-decatriyn-1-ol(5).Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies.Compound 1 is the first finding of viscidane diterpene in mushrooms.Compounds 1,3 and 5 were tested for cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines HL-60,SMMC-7721,A-549,MCF-7 and SW-480.None of the compounds showed cytotoxic activity(IC50[40 lM).

Identifying a melanogenesis-related candidate gene by a high-quality genome assembly and population diversity analysis in Hypsizygus marmoreus

Hypsizygus marmoreus is one of the most important edible fungi in Basidiomycete division and includes white and gray strains.However,very limited knowledge is known about the genomic structures and the genetic basis for the white/gray diversity of this mushroom.Here,we report the near-complete high-quality H.marmoreus genome at the chromosomal level.Comparative genomics analysis indicates that chromosome structures were relatively conserved,and variations in collinearity and chromosome number were mainly attributed by chromosome split/fusion events in Aragicales,whereas the fungi genome experienced many genomic chromosome fracture,fusion,and genomic replication events after the split of Aragicales from Basidiomycetes.Resequencing of 57 strains allows us to classify the population into four major groups and associate genetic variations with morphological features,indicating that white strains were not originated independently.We further generated genetic populations and identified a cytochrome P450 as the candidate causal gene for the melanogenesis in H.marmoreus based on bulked segregant analysis (BSA)and comparative transcriptome analysis.The high-quality H.marmoreus genome and diversity data compiled in this study provide new knowledge and resources for the molecular breeding of H.marmoreus as well as the evolution of Basidiomycete.

工厂化栽培斑玉蕈菌株的品种比较

以13株斑玉蕈(Hypsizygus marmoreus)菌株为试验材料,在工厂内进行拮抗试验和品种比较试验,通过对瓶重、培养料的pH和水分,菌丝生长速度、单瓶产量、有效芽数等生理生化指标及农艺性状的比较研究,筛选出适合工厂化栽培的优良菌株,为蟹味菇RH2和白玉菇RB2。