RELIABLE HYSTERESIS CURRENT CONTROLLED DUAL BUCK HALF BRIDGE INVERTER

A highly efficient and re liable topology-dual buck half bridge inverter (DBI) is introduced. The existenc e of discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) operation state requires the bias of in du ctor current for DBI implemented with linear controllers like ramp comparison SP WM (RCSPWM) controllers. A novel operation scheme for DBI and a hysteresis curre nt controlled dual buck half bridge inverter (HCDBI) are proposed. The bias curr ent required by RCSPWM DBI is eliminated and conduction losses are dramatically reduced. HCDBI has greatly improved the modulation performance in DCM region for the benefit of its excellent command tracking capability. The operational schem e and control strategy are presented. Power losses of the conventional half brid ge inverter (CHBI) and HCDBI are compared with mathematical computation, and exp erimental verification is also executed. Both calculational and experimental res ults verify that HCDBI has a superior switching performance over CHBI. Its exce llent high frequency operational capacity provides another access to realize high fre quency operation of inverters.

Digital fixed-frequency hysteresis current control of a BLDC motor applied for aerospace electrically powered actuators

In the conventional cascade control structure of aerospace electrically powered actuators, the current（or electromagnetic torque） loop plays a critical role in realizing a rapid response for a digitally controlled Brush Less Direct Current（BLDC） motor. Hysteresis Current Control（HCC） is an effective method in improving the performance of current control for a BLDC motor.Nevertheless, the varying modulating frequency in the traditional HCC causes severe problems on the safety of power devices and the electromagnetic compatibility design. A triangular carrier-based fixed-frequency HCC strategy is expanded by relaxing the constraints on the rising and descending rates of the winding current to advance the capability of HCC to realize fixed-frequency modulation in the steady state. Based on that, a new flexible-bound-size quasi-fixed-frequency HCC is proposed, and the range feasible to realize fixed-frequency modulation control can cover the entire running process in the steady state. Meanwhile, a corresponding digital control strategy is designed,and four digitalization rules are proposed to extend the capacity to achieve fixed-frequency modulation control to the unsteady working state, that is, a novel fixed-frequency modulation is realized.Simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of this improved fixed-frequency HCC strategy.

An Improvement in Power Quality and By-Product of the Run-Off River Micro Hydro Power Plant

Utilization of Micro Hydro Power Plant at the Gunung Halu case study type run-off the river is a household use only in the afternoon,around 5 pm until bedtime at about 10 pm.Therefore,more than 75%of the energy is lost.This case study lost power which can be used as a by-product,such as for drying coffee beans.In this case study,a design was carried out to obtain by-products and improve power quality in the electrical system.In addition,they complain about the poor quality of power controlled by frequency using Triac-Based Electronic Dummy Load Control.The heat from the dummy load in the case study is used as a by-product.MHP with a minimum power of 20 kW,and the usage time of customer service is about 6 h.The energy for the by-products is about 360 kWh/day,and the power quality improved by using Triac-Based Electronic Load Control and Hysteresis Current Control for the active filter.As a result,the power factor is close to one,the generator current harmonics is less than 2%,and the voltage harmonics is less than 5%.

Optimized Power Factor Correction for High Speed Switched Reluctance Motor

The Power Factor Correction(PFC)in Switched Reluctance(SR)motor is discussed in this article.The SR motors are applicable for multiple applications like electric vehicles,wind mills,machineries etc.The doubly salient structure of SR motor causes the occurrence of torque ripples,which affects the power factor of the motor.To improve the power quality,the power factor has to be corrected and the ripples have to be minimized.In order to achieve these objectives,a novel power factor correction(PFC)method is proposed in this work.Here,the conventional Diode Bridge Rectifier(DBR)is replaced by a Bridgeless Hybrid Resonant(HR)converter,which assists in improvising the output in a wider range.The converter is chosen because of having variety of beneficial measures including high gain.The converter’s output is fed to the SR motor by means of an asymmetric Bridge Resonant(BR)converter.The proposed converter operates in continuous mode of conduction with the switching frequency of 10 KHz.A hysteresis current controller and Proportional Integral(PI)controller are utilized for reducing the harmonics in the source current along with the regulation of output voltage.In addition,the speed control of SR motor is accomplished by means of the Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)assisted PI controller.The proposed methodology is effective for the control of unity power factor,torque and current ripples.The Total Harmonic Distortion(THD)of the source current is also minimized,which suits the standard of International Electrotechnical Comission IEC 61000-3-2.By this methodology,the power factor of 0.99 is achieved with 97%efficiency and 3.92%THD.The proposed methodology is validated in simulation by MATLAB and in hardware by FPGA Spartan 6E.

Improved Control in Single Phase Inverter Grid-Tied PV System Using Modified PQ Theory

Grid-connected reactive-load compensation and harmonic control are becoming a central topic as photovoltaic(PV)grid-connected systems diversified.This research aims to produce a high-performance inverter with a fast dynamic response for accurate reference tracking and a low total har-monic distortion(THD)even under nonlinear load applications by improving its control scheme.The proposed system is expected to operate in both stand-alone mode and grid-connected mode.In stand-alone mode,the proposed controller supplies power to critical loads,alternatively during grid-connected mode provide excess energy to the utility.A modified variable step incremental conductance(VS-InCond)algorithm is designed to extract maximum power from PV.Whereas the proposed inverter controller is achieved by using a modified PQ theory with double-band hysteresis current controller(PQ-DBHCC)to produce a reference current based on a decomposition of a single-phase load current.The nonlinear rectifier loads often create significant distortion in the output voltage of single-phase inverters,due to excessive current harmonics in the grid.Therefore,the proposed method generates a close-loop reference current for the switching scheme,hence,minimizing the inverter voltage distortion caused by the excessive grid current harmonics.The simulation findings suggest the proposed control technique can effectively yield more than 97%of power conversion efficiency while suppressing the grid current THD by less than 2%and maintaining the unity power factor at the grid side.The efficacy of the proposed controller is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink.

Design of DSTATCOM Controller for Compensating Unbalances

In a three phase power system, the voltages at the generation side are in sinusoidal and equal in magnitude with 120? phase difference between the phases. However, at the load side voltages may become unbalanced due to unequal voltage magnitudes at the fundamental frequency, phase angle deviations or unequal distribution of single phase loads. The voltage unbalance is a major power quality issue, because a small unbalance in the phase voltages can cause a larger unbalance in the phase currents. A completely balanced three-phase three wire system contains only positive sequence components of voltage, current and impedance, whereas unbalanced system contains both positive and negative sequence components of voltages and currents. The negative sequence component of current in the unbalanced system increases the temperature and losses in the equipments. Hence, it is necessary to mitigate this problem by supplying the negative sequence current to the load at the load side and keep the source side balanced. This paper proposes the shunt connected, current injecting Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) with appropriate controller to mitigate the unbalanced load current. The symmetrical components based Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) is designed for DSTATCOM to diminish the unbalances in a three-phase three-wire system. The performance of the controller is studied by simulating the entire system in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The DSTATCOM with HCC is found to be better than other controllers because it is suitable for compensating both balanced and unbalanced loads.

Control Strategies for PM Synchronous Machine Controlled Rectifier Intended for Heavy-Duty Vehicle

In order to charge batteries and supply all the electrical devices like wheel-motors used in a heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicle, a solution consists in using an assembly permanent magnet generator driven by a diesel engine and a three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor/diodes bridge controlled rectifier connected to the battery. In this work, hysteresis current control strategies combined with a judicious current sensing mode for the assembly permanent magnet synchronous machine-controlled rectifier are investigated. Main issues first concern the different kinds of transistors switching modes allowed by the proposed current sensing mode when the machine operates either as a generator or as a motor. Second, the modulated hysteresis method is presented, which merges the performances of robustness and dynamic of the classical hysteresis method and imposes the switching frequency alike pulsewidth modulation techniques. A test bench at reduced power permits to test the switching modes as well as classical and modulated hysteresis methods for both motor and generator operating modes and to validate the simulation predictions. The digital signal processor algorithm elaborated for the control strategy is flexible and adaptable to all kinds of transistor switchings and machine operating modes.

An Efficient Particle Swarm Optimization Technique for 4-Leg Shunt Active Power Filter

This paper describes the mitigation of harmonics in source and neutral current in three phase four wire system based on 4-leg shunt active power filter under balanced and unbalanced load conditions. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controller are used as control techniques to analyze the control performance of 4-leg shunt active power filter. The synchronous reference frame (SRF) method is used to extract reference current in 4-leg shunt active filter. The Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) is used to generate gate pulses for Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) based 4-leg shunt active power filter. The proposed PSO technique gives less percentage of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) value in source and neutral current and settling time of the DC capacitor voltage compared to conventional PI controller technique. The model of the proposed system performance was validated using MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Effect of Ball Scribing on Power Loss Separation of Fe-3%Si Grain-oriented Silicon Steel

Power loss of Fe-3%Sigrain-oriented silicon steelwas measured after ballscribing with different spacing using a self-designed tool.Three different sections of power loss,including hysteresis loss,abnormalloss,and eddy current loss,were measured and calculated,respectively.The loss variation and ratio were analyzed based on the experimentaldata.At 1.0 T,hysteresis loss of tested steelwith scribing spacing of 8 mm descends by 8.2% compared to samples without scribing,which is similar to the totalloss variation,and abnormalloss descends by 16.8%.At 1.0 T,hysteresis loss ratio of the steelwith scribing spacing of 16 mm ascends from 55.7% to 57.9%,and eddy current loss increases from 17.4% to 24.1%,while abnormalloss descends from 26.9% to 23.7%.The experimentalresults show that the reduction of power loss after scribing is mainly due to decreasing of hysteresis loss and abnormalloss.