This study has compared the ability of paramagnetic element oxides i.e. Pr, Eu, Yb in catalyst oxidation of methane. These have been prepared by precipitation, and then calcined at 600°C to get M2O3. Methane was ...This study has compared the ability of paramagnetic element oxides i.e. Pr, Eu, Yb in catalyst oxidation of methane. These have been prepared by precipitation, and then calcined at 600°C to get M2O3. Methane was then passed through a disk in KBr, and the reactions were conducted at room temperature;200°C and then 300°C. The reaction products were then identified by F.T.I.R spectroscopy. It was observed that these oxides have extracted the protons from methane and the CH3·radicals were evidently formed. This focused radical react further to give CH3O, C2H6 and the formation of Propionic acid is reported as one of the catalytic reaction products. The study also indicated the presence of aromatic products and in some instances, phenol was identified. Thereafter, the mechanism of the reaction was envisaged. For all the catalysts the conversion increases relatively with increasing the reaction temperature. The study can deduce that these oxides have the same ability as those of high paramagnetic properties to extract the proton, but the products are trapped and react further on the surface of the oxide.展开更多
In this paper, we analyze direct and indirect effects of economic sanctions on I. R. Iran’s economic growth from 1979 to 2012 focusing on the external sector of the economy. Our data for variables except for sanction...In this paper, we analyze direct and indirect effects of economic sanctions on I. R. Iran’s economic growth from 1979 to 2012 focusing on the external sector of the economy. Our data for variables except for sanction are derived from 1966 to 2012 and a dummy variable is used for each sanction’s beginning years. The designed model is based on the endogenous growth models in which we analyze the effects by 2SLS econometric method. Our findings indicate that economic sanctions have not directly affected Iran’s economic growth so much. These effects have been indirect through restricting total imports, capital goods imports, imports of intermediate goods and primary products and also the export leading to decreased economic growth of the country.展开更多
In this paper the operator-valued martingale transform inequalities in rearrangement invariant function spaces are proved.Some well-known results are generalized and unified.Applications are given to classical operato...In this paper the operator-valued martingale transform inequalities in rearrangement invariant function spaces are proved.Some well-known results are generalized and unified.Applications are given to classical operators such as the maximal operator and the p-variation operator of vector-valued martingales,then we can very easily obtain some new vector-valued martingale inequalities in rearrangement invariant function spaces.These inequalities are closely related to both the geometrical properties of the underlying Banach spaces and the Boyd indices of the rearrangement invariant function spaces.Finally we give an equivalent characterization of UMD Banach lattices,and also prove the Fefferman-Stein theorem in the rearrangement invariant function spaces setting.展开更多
文摘This study has compared the ability of paramagnetic element oxides i.e. Pr, Eu, Yb in catalyst oxidation of methane. These have been prepared by precipitation, and then calcined at 600°C to get M2O3. Methane was then passed through a disk in KBr, and the reactions were conducted at room temperature;200°C and then 300°C. The reaction products were then identified by F.T.I.R spectroscopy. It was observed that these oxides have extracted the protons from methane and the CH3·radicals were evidently formed. This focused radical react further to give CH3O, C2H6 and the formation of Propionic acid is reported as one of the catalytic reaction products. The study also indicated the presence of aromatic products and in some instances, phenol was identified. Thereafter, the mechanism of the reaction was envisaged. For all the catalysts the conversion increases relatively with increasing the reaction temperature. The study can deduce that these oxides have the same ability as those of high paramagnetic properties to extract the proton, but the products are trapped and react further on the surface of the oxide.
文摘In this paper, we analyze direct and indirect effects of economic sanctions on I. R. Iran’s economic growth from 1979 to 2012 focusing on the external sector of the economy. Our data for variables except for sanction are derived from 1966 to 2012 and a dummy variable is used for each sanction’s beginning years. The designed model is based on the endogenous growth models in which we analyze the effects by 2SLS econometric method. Our findings indicate that economic sanctions have not directly affected Iran’s economic growth so much. These effects have been indirect through restricting total imports, capital goods imports, imports of intermediate goods and primary products and also the export leading to decreased economic growth of the country.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (GrantNo. 11001273)Research Fund for International Young Scientists (Grant No. 11150110456)+1 种基金Research Fundfor the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20100162120035)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China and Central South University
文摘In this paper the operator-valued martingale transform inequalities in rearrangement invariant function spaces are proved.Some well-known results are generalized and unified.Applications are given to classical operators such as the maximal operator and the p-variation operator of vector-valued martingales,then we can very easily obtain some new vector-valued martingale inequalities in rearrangement invariant function spaces.These inequalities are closely related to both the geometrical properties of the underlying Banach spaces and the Boyd indices of the rearrangement invariant function spaces.Finally we give an equivalent characterization of UMD Banach lattices,and also prove the Fefferman-Stein theorem in the rearrangement invariant function spaces setting.
