Objective Tissue uptake and distribution of nano-/microplastics was studied at a single high dose by gavage in vivo.Methods Fluorescent microspheres(100 nm,3μm,and 10μm)were given once at a dose of 200 mg/(kg∙body w...Objective Tissue uptake and distribution of nano-/microplastics was studied at a single high dose by gavage in vivo.Methods Fluorescent microspheres(100 nm,3μm,and 10μm)were given once at a dose of 200 mg/(kg∙body weight).The fluorescence intensity(FI)in observed organs was measured using the IVIS Spectrum at 0.5,1,2,and 4 h after administration.Histopathology was performed to corroborate these findings.Results In the 100 nm group,the FI of the stomach and small intestine were highest at 0.5 h,and the FI of the large intestine,excrement,lung,kidney,liver,and skeletal muscles were highest at 4 h compared with the control group(P<0.05).In the 3μm group,the FI only increased in the lung at 2 h(P<0.05).In the 10μm group,the FI increased in the large intestine and excrement at 2 h,and in the kidney at 4 h(P<0.05).The presence of nano-/microplastics in tissues was further verified by histopathology.The peak time of nanoplastic absorption in blood was confirmed.Conclusion Nanoplastics translocated rapidly to observed organs/tissues through blood circulation;however,only small amounts of MPs could penetrate the organs.展开更多
文章从多粒度视角研究了区间值信息系统(interval-valued information system,IvIS),定义了多粒度容差关系,给出了乐观和悲观的2种模型,研究了其性质及其与单粒度模型的联系与区别;然后定义了区间值决策系统(interval-valued decision s...文章从多粒度视角研究了区间值信息系统(interval-valued information system,IvIS),定义了多粒度容差关系,给出了乐观和悲观的2种模型,研究了其性质及其与单粒度模型的联系与区别;然后定义了区间值决策系统(interval-valued decision system,IvDS)的多粒度决策规则的置信度因子及决策规则提取方法,并且给出了决策规则支持定理及其证明;最后通过一个算例验证了所提理论方法的正确性与有效性。展开更多
基于驾驶员主观偏好,对车载信息系统(In-Vehicle Information System,IVIS)显示器进行人因评价。通过采访与问卷的方式,获得驾驶员主观偏好指标与数据,应用小波技术与统计过程控制(Statistical Process Control,SPC)等方法对样本数据进...基于驾驶员主观偏好,对车载信息系统(In-Vehicle Information System,IVIS)显示器进行人因评价。通过采访与问卷的方式,获得驾驶员主观偏好指标与数据,应用小波技术与统计过程控制(Statistical Process Control,SPC)等方法对样本数据进行预处理,构建评判矩阵,计算权重向量,进行模糊综合评价。以样本数据中典型车型——大众新速腾为例,采用层次分析法确定权重向量,基于驾驶员偏好数据建立隶属度矩阵与评价矩阵,利用秩和法得出评价结论。实例验证了基于层次分析法的IVIS显示器人因模糊综合评价具有可行性,为产品设计与评价提供参考。展开更多
Detecting ink mismatch is a significant challenge in verifying the authenticity of documents,especially when dealing with uneven ink distribution.Conventional imaging methods frequently fail to distinguish visually si...Detecting ink mismatch is a significant challenge in verifying the authenticity of documents,especially when dealing with uneven ink distribution.Conventional imaging methods frequently fail to distinguish visually similar inks.Our study presents a novel hyperspectral unmixing approach to detect ink mismatches in unbalanced clusters.The proposed method identifies unique spectral characteristics of different inks employing k-means clustering and Gaussian mixture models(GMMs)to perform color segmentation on different ink types and utilizes elbow estimation and silhouette coefficient to evaluate the number of inks estimation precisely.For a more accurate estimation of quantity,which is generally not an attribute of clustering methods,we employed entropy calculations in the red,green,and blue depth channels for precise abundance estimation of ink.This unique combination of basic techniques in conjunction exhibits better efficacy in performing ink unmixing and provides a real-world document forensic solution compared to current methods that rely on assumptions like prior knowledge of the inks used in a document and deep learning-based methods that rely heavily on abundant training datasets.We evaluate our approach on the ivision handwritten hyperspectral images dataset(iVision HHID),which is a comprehensive and rich dataset that surpasses the commonly-used UWA writing inks hyperspectral images(WIHSI)database in size and diversity.This study has accomplished the unmixing task with three main challenges:unmixing of diverse ink spectral signatures(149 spectral bands instead of 33 bands in the previous dataset),without using prior knowledge and assumptions about the number of inks used in the questioned document,and not requiring large training data for performing unmixing.Furthermore,the security of the proposed document authentication methodology to address the likelihood of forgeries or manipulations in questioned documents is enhanced as compared to previous works relying on known inks and known spectrum.Randomization techniques and anomaly detection mechanisms are used in our methodology which increases the difficulty for adversaries to predict and manipulate specific aspects of the input data in questioned documents,thereby enhancing the robustness of our method.The code for conducting this research can be accessed at GitHub repository.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number U21A20399]Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program[grant number XLYC1802059]+2 种基金the Key R&D Program of Liaoning Province[grant number2019JH2/10300044]the Key Laboratory Program of Liaoning Province[grant number 2018225113]the Key Laboratory Program of Shenyang City[grant number 21-103-0-16]。
文摘Objective Tissue uptake and distribution of nano-/microplastics was studied at a single high dose by gavage in vivo.Methods Fluorescent microspheres(100 nm,3μm,and 10μm)were given once at a dose of 200 mg/(kg∙body weight).The fluorescence intensity(FI)in observed organs was measured using the IVIS Spectrum at 0.5,1,2,and 4 h after administration.Histopathology was performed to corroborate these findings.Results In the 100 nm group,the FI of the stomach and small intestine were highest at 0.5 h,and the FI of the large intestine,excrement,lung,kidney,liver,and skeletal muscles were highest at 4 h compared with the control group(P<0.05).In the 3μm group,the FI only increased in the lung at 2 h(P<0.05).In the 10μm group,the FI increased in the large intestine and excrement at 2 h,and in the kidney at 4 h(P<0.05).The presence of nano-/microplastics in tissues was further verified by histopathology.The peak time of nanoplastic absorption in blood was confirmed.Conclusion Nanoplastics translocated rapidly to observed organs/tissues through blood circulation;however,only small amounts of MPs could penetrate the organs.
文摘文章从多粒度视角研究了区间值信息系统(interval-valued information system,IvIS),定义了多粒度容差关系,给出了乐观和悲观的2种模型,研究了其性质及其与单粒度模型的联系与区别;然后定义了区间值决策系统(interval-valued decision system,IvDS)的多粒度决策规则的置信度因子及决策规则提取方法,并且给出了决策规则支持定理及其证明;最后通过一个算例验证了所提理论方法的正确性与有效性。
文摘基于驾驶员主观偏好,对车载信息系统(In-Vehicle Information System,IVIS)显示器进行人因评价。通过采访与问卷的方式,获得驾驶员主观偏好指标与数据,应用小波技术与统计过程控制(Statistical Process Control,SPC)等方法对样本数据进行预处理,构建评判矩阵,计算权重向量,进行模糊综合评价。以样本数据中典型车型——大众新速腾为例,采用层次分析法确定权重向量,基于驾驶员偏好数据建立隶属度矩阵与评价矩阵,利用秩和法得出评价结论。实例验证了基于层次分析法的IVIS显示器人因模糊综合评价具有可行性,为产品设计与评价提供参考。
文摘Detecting ink mismatch is a significant challenge in verifying the authenticity of documents,especially when dealing with uneven ink distribution.Conventional imaging methods frequently fail to distinguish visually similar inks.Our study presents a novel hyperspectral unmixing approach to detect ink mismatches in unbalanced clusters.The proposed method identifies unique spectral characteristics of different inks employing k-means clustering and Gaussian mixture models(GMMs)to perform color segmentation on different ink types and utilizes elbow estimation and silhouette coefficient to evaluate the number of inks estimation precisely.For a more accurate estimation of quantity,which is generally not an attribute of clustering methods,we employed entropy calculations in the red,green,and blue depth channels for precise abundance estimation of ink.This unique combination of basic techniques in conjunction exhibits better efficacy in performing ink unmixing and provides a real-world document forensic solution compared to current methods that rely on assumptions like prior knowledge of the inks used in a document and deep learning-based methods that rely heavily on abundant training datasets.We evaluate our approach on the ivision handwritten hyperspectral images dataset(iVision HHID),which is a comprehensive and rich dataset that surpasses the commonly-used UWA writing inks hyperspectral images(WIHSI)database in size and diversity.This study has accomplished the unmixing task with three main challenges:unmixing of diverse ink spectral signatures(149 spectral bands instead of 33 bands in the previous dataset),without using prior knowledge and assumptions about the number of inks used in the questioned document,and not requiring large training data for performing unmixing.Furthermore,the security of the proposed document authentication methodology to address the likelihood of forgeries or manipulations in questioned documents is enhanced as compared to previous works relying on known inks and known spectrum.Randomization techniques and anomaly detection mechanisms are used in our methodology which increases the difficulty for adversaries to predict and manipulate specific aspects of the input data in questioned documents,thereby enhancing the robustness of our method.The code for conducting this research can be accessed at GitHub repository.
