Prospective randomized study correlating intra-operative urethral mucosal injury with early period after transurethral resection of the prostate stricture urethra: A novel concept

Objective:To investigate the incidence of urethral stricture during the early period after transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)and correlate its incidence with intra-operative urethral mucosal injury during TURP.Also to compare the other established risk factors affecting the development of urethral stricture among patients undergoing monopolar or bipolar TURP over a period of 6 months follow-up as the prospective randomized study.Methods:One hundred and fifty men older than 50 years with lower-urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomized to undergo either standard monopolar TURP with glycine as the irrigation fluid or bipolar TURP with normal saline as irrigant.The prostate size,operative time,intra-operative mucosal rupture,catheter time,catheter traction duration,uroflowmetry,and post-operative stricture rate were compared.Results:A total of 150 patients underwent TURP,including 74 patients undergoing monopolar TURP(one patient was excluded as his post-operative histopathological examination report was of adenocarcinoma prostate)and 75 patients undergoing bipolar-TURP,all of which were performed using a 26 Fr sheath resectoscope.The mean International Prostate Symptom Score and maximum urinary flow rate score at post-operative 3 months and 6 months were comparable between the groups.Out of 149 patients,nine patients(6.0%)developed urethral stricture.The severity of the injury(urethral mucosal injury)correlated with the likelihood of developing a subsequent complication(stricture urethra).Patients with stricture had significantly larger prostate volume than patients without stricture(65.0 mL vs.50.0 mL;p=0.030).Patients with stricture had longer operative time than patients without stricture(55.0 min vs.40.0 min;p=0.002).In both procedures,formation of post-operative stricture urethra was independently associated with intra-operative mucosal injury.Conclusion:Intra-operative recognition of urethral mucosal injury helps in prediction of stricture urethra formation in early post-operative period.

Management of complex and redo cases of pelvic fracture urethral injuries

Objectives:Pelvic fracture urethral injuries(PFUI)result from traumatic disruption of the urethra.A significant proportion of cases are complex rendering their management challenging.We described management strategies for eight different complex PFUI scenarios.Methods:Our centre is a tertiary referral centre for complex PFUI cases.We maintain a prospective database(1995e2016),which we retrospectively analysed.All patients with PFUI managed at our institute were included.Results:Over two decades 1062 cases of PFUI were managed at our institute(521 primary and 541 redo cases).Most redo cases were referred to us from other centres.Redo cases had up to five prior attempts at urethroplasty.We managed complex cases,which included bulbar ischemia,young boys and girls with PFUI,PFUI with double block,concomitant PFUI and iatrogenic anterior urethral strictures.Bulbar ischemia merits substitution urethroplasty,most commonly,using pedicled preputial tube.PFUI in young girls is usually associated with urethrovaginal fistula.Young boys with PFUI commonly have a long gap necessitating trans-abdominal approach.Our success rate with individualised management is 85.60%in primary cases,79.13%in redo cases and 82.40%in cases of bulbar ischemia.Conclusion:The definition of complex PFUI is ever expanding.The best chance of success is at the first attempt.Anastomotic urethroplasty for PFUI should be performed in experienced hands at high volume centres.

Novel method of primary endoscopic realignment for high-grade posterior urethral injuries:A case report

BACKGROUND A male urethral disruption injury is a urological emergency.Primary endoscopic realignment(PER)refers to reestablishment of urethral alignment via indwelling urethral catheter by cystoscope,which is recommended as the optimal emergent treatment approach for reducing the likelihood of complications following injury.However,the prior literature suggests the success rate of PER to be relatively low due to complicated urethral disruption.We report a modified PER approach that serves to improve both the success rate and safety of the treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 19-year-old male patient presented with multiple pelvic fractures and complete urethral disruption following a high-velocity traffic accident.The patient’s abdominal computed tomography and retrograde urethrography results revealed complete urethral disruption at the bulbar urethra,with hematoma and contrast medium extravasation that extended into the extraperitoneal space.The conventional retrograde PER by cystoscope failed due to severe disruption and considerable hematoma.Modified simultaneous antegrade and retrograde PER was performed by means of semi-rigid ureteroscopy via a suprapubic Foley catheter and cystoscopy via the external urethra.An antegrade guidewire was passed through the bladder neck and then pulled out through the external urethral meatus with a cystoscope.Urethral continuity was achieved after a 16-Fr silicone Foley catheter was indwelled into the bladder along the guidewire.The patient recovered well,achieving voiding continence and avoiding further operation for urethral stricture.CONCLUSION Modified PER via suprapubic Foley catheter represents a promising and safe treatment approach in patients with posterior urethral injuries.

Outcomes of Early Primary Endoscopic Realignment and Delayed Reconstruction in the Management of Posterior Urethral Injury in Male

Background: Posterior urethral injury usually occurs in male patients with pelvic fractures. Posterior urethral injuries are associated with considerable morbidity including urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction and urethral stricture. Objective: To compare the outcomes between early primary endoscopic realignment and delayed reconstruction in the management of male patients of posterior urethral injury. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted in the department of urology and department of casualty, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2015 to June 2017 among 50 male patients with posterior urethral injury. Fifty patients were randomly allocated into two groups;the group A consisted of 24 patients underwent early primary endoscopic realignment within 10 days after posterior urethral injury and the group B consisted of 26 patients underwent delayed reconstruction in form of anastomotic urethroplasty after 3 months. All patients were followed up at 3rd, 6th and 9th month after the procedure. Outcome variables were post-operative urethral stricture, urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the study patients was almost similar between the groups (28.8 ± 8.4 vs. 27.4 ± 7.2 years, p = 0.486). In group A, 83.33% patients developed postoperative urethral stricture, none of them developed urinary incontinence and 20.83% developed erectile dysfunction;On the other hand, in group B, these rates were 38.46%, 23.07% and 38.46% respectively. Postoperative urethral stricture formation was significantly higher in Group A (p = 0.0012) but urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction rates were significantly higher in Group B (p = 0.018 and p = 0.042 respectively). Conclusion: Early primary endoscopic realignment is better than delayed reconstruction in the management of male patients with posterior urethral injury. It provides less postoperative complications like urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction, though postoperative urethral stricture formation is higher but amenable to be corrected endoscopically.

Treatment of posterior urethral distractions defects following pelvic fracture

Posterior urethral injuries typically arise in the context of a pelvic fracture.Retrograde urethrography is the preferred diagnostic test in trauma patients with pelvic fracture where a posterior urethral rupture is suspected.Pelvic fractures however preclude the adequate positioning of the patient on the X-ray table on admission and computed tomography scan with intravenous contrast and delayed films generally performed first.Suprapubic bladder catheter placement under ultrasound guidance should be performed whenever a posterior urethral disruption is suspected.Early diagnosis and proper acute management decrease the associated complications,such as strictures,urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction.The correct and appropriate initial treatment of associated urethral rupture is critical to the proper healing of the injury.Placing of a suprapubic cystostomy on admission and delayed anastomotic urethroplasty after 3e6 months continues to be the gold standard of treatment.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of the literature with a special emphasis on the various treatments available:Open or endoscopic primary realignment,immediate or delayed urethroplasty after suprapubic cystostomy,and delayed optical urethrotomy.

Current trends in urethral stricture management

The recent International Consultation on Urological Disease(ICUD)panel 2010 confirmed that a urethral stricture is defined as a narrowing of the urethra consequent upon ischaemic spongiofibrosis,as distinct from sphincter stenoses and a urethral disruption injury.Whenever possible,an anastomotic urethroplasty should be performed because of the higher success rate as compared to augmentation urethroplasty.There is some debate currently regarding the critical stricture length at which an anastomotic procedure can be used,but clearly the extent of the spongiofibrosis and individual anatomical factors(the length of the penis and urethra)are important,the limitation for this being extension of dissection beyond the peno-scrotal junction and the subsequent production of chordee.More recently,there has been interest in whether to excise and anastomose or to carry out a stricturotomy and reanastomosis using a Heineke-Miculicz technique.Augmentation urethroplasty has evolved towards the more extensive use of oral mucosa grafts as compared to penile skin flaps,as both flaps and grafts have similar efficacy and certainly the use of either dorsal or ventral positioning seems to provide comparable results.It is important that the reconstructive surgeon is well versed in the full range of available repair techniques,as no single method is suitable for all cases and will enable the management of any unexpected anatomical findings discovered intra-operatively.

Augmented anastomotic urethroplasty with buccal mucosa for post penile fracture urethral injury long segment bulbar urethral stricture review

Dear editor,The national incidence of penile fracture in the United States is estimated as 1.02 per 100000 males[1].Nine to twenty percent of these injuries result in a concomitant urethral injury[2,3].Barros et al.[4]reported that 85 out of 888 penile fractures men with penile fractures had concomitant urethral injuries[4].Among those with both a penile fracture and urethral injury,only two cases of urethral stricture were reported.Furthermore,only three percent of urethral strictures resulted from penile fractures[5].These data highlight the relatively low incidence of urethral stricture in patients with penile fracture and concomitant urethral injury.

Isolated penile urethral injury:A rare case following male coital trauma

Penile fractures are an uncommon urological emergency.Typically,penile fractures involve the corpus cavernosum and are sometimes associated with urethral injury.Isolated corpus spongiosum and urethral injuries without concomitant corpus cavernosum injury are,however,rare.With proper knowledge of the management of penile fractures and urethral injuries,this distinct entity can be diagnosed,assessed and managed successfully without complications.

Gracilis Muscular Flap for Large Urethral Defect

We report the use of Gracilis muscle to repair a large urethral defect. A 57-year-old-man with rectal cancer underwent abdominoperineal resection including part of the prostate and seminal vesicle. Soon after surgery, he presented with massive urinary leakage from the prostatic urethra. Conservative treatment for one month failed. The defect of the prostatic urethra, measuring 2.5 cm in diameter, was closed with the right gracilis muscular flap. About five years and 6 months after surgery, the patient can void spontaneously without incontinence. Cystoscopy demonstrated good epithelization of the reconstructed urethra without stenosis. The gracilis muscular flap was easily available and useful for closure of a large urethral defect.

Redo inferior pubectomy for failed anastomotic urethroplasty in pelvic fracture urethral injury

Objectives:To assess the effect of redo inferior pubectomy on the management of complicated pelvic fracture urethral injury(PFUI)in patients with a history of failed anastomotic urethroplasty.Materials and methods:We retrospectively reviewed all patients receiving redo anastomotic urethroplasty with redo inferior pubectomy for failed PFUI between January 2010 and December 2021.Patients with incomplete data and those who were lost to follow-up were excluded.Successful urethroplasty was defined as the restoration of a uniform urethral caliber without stenosis or leakage and further intervention.Functional results,including erectile function and urinary continence,were evaluated.Descriptive statistical analyses were then performed.Results:Thirty-one patients were included in this study.Among them,concomitant urethrorectal fistula occurred in 2 patients,and concomitant enlarged bladder neck occurred in 1.The stenosis site was the bulbomembranous urethra in 2 patients and the prostatomembranous urethra in 29.The mean length of urethral stenosis in all patients was 3.1 cm(range,2.0-5.0 cm).After a mean follow-up of 34.6 months,the final success rate was 96.8%.The incidence of erectile dysfunction reached 77.4%(24/31).Normal continence was achieved in 27(87.1%)patients.One patient developed urinary incontinence of gradeⅡrequiring urinary pads because of an enlarged bladder neck.According to the Clavien-Dindo classification,postoperative complications of grade I occurred in 7 patients and gradeⅡin 4.Conclusions:Repeat anastomotic urethroplasty with repeat inferior pubectomy provides reliable success rates for failed PFUI.In complicated cases,it should be known and mastered.

A survey of emergency blunt urethral injury management in China:Reality versus guidelines

Background:Although urethral trauma may lead to serious consequences if mismanaged,treatment concepts are inconsistent.We designed a survey to investigate the current diagnosis and management of emergency blunt urethral trauma to aid future dissemination of relevant concepts.Methods:A 15‐item anonymous questionnaire was distributed via an online platform.It addressed items such as the cognition of how to diagnose of urethral trauma,optimal emergency management of a urethral trauma patient,and attitude towards early realignment for pelvic fracture urethral injuries.Results:Of 538 respondents,94.2%and 84.9%had received patients with straddle trauma urethral injuries or pelvic fracture urethral injuries,respectively,within the past year.In the emergency room,attempted urethral catheterization was the most selected examination method by respondents for diagnosis of both straddle injury(500/538)and pelvic fracture urethral injury(469/538).For patients with straddle injury,41.3%of respondents performed endoscopic realignment and 31.6%preferred suprapubic cystostomy.For hemodynamically stable patients with PFUI,42.2%of respondents preferred suprapubic cystostomy and 34.9%preferred endoscopic realignment.Most respondents felt favorably toward early realignment for pelvic fracture urethral injuries.After realignment,61.3%,24.5%,and 13.8%of respondents performed catheterization for 4,8,and 12 weeks,respectively.Further,54.6%of respondents believed catheter traction should be applied after realignment.Conclusion:Although the number of yearly emergency urethral trauma cases was small,the opinions and practices of most urologists were consistent with guidelines.However,the significance of retrograde urethrography was not fully understood,and some respondents had incorrect views on catheter traction after realignment.

Delayed exploration and repair to manage pediatric anterior urethral blast injury

The major cause of pediatric anterior urethral injuries(AUIs)is blunt trauma.12 Penetrating injuries caused by explosive trauma are rare in pediatric patients.Both early and delayed urethral repairs are optional strategies to manage AUIs.Studies from clinical manage-ment of blunt trauma have concluded rich experiences.However,poor experiences can be used to manage explosive AUIs.In this case,a 7-year old boy threw a detonator into the fire.His external genitalia and bilateral medial region of the thigh were injured in a sudden explosion.Corpus spongiosum penis was covered by incomplete prepuce.Splintered glans penis with high-degree edema concealed the urethral meatus.The swollen testis was detected in the tattered scrotum.Muscular layer was included in explosive inju-ries of the bilateral thigh(figure 1).Surgical debridement was performed urgently.

Mid-term follow-up of superior pubic ramus osteotomy in locked symphysis pubis with urethral injury:A case report

A locked pubic ramus body is an unusual variant of lateral compression injury.Till date,there have been only 25 cases reported in the published literature.We herein described a case where the right pubic ramus was entrapped within the opposite obturator foramen with an overlap of greater than 4 cm,with associated urethral injury.When all maneuvers of closed and instrumented reduction failed,we per-formed a superior pubic ramus osteotomy on the left side and unlocked the incarcerated right pubic ramus.The osteotomy site was stabilized with a 6-hole recon plate.The patient underwent delayed urethral repair 10 weeks after the index surgery.At 3-year follow-up,the patient has sexual dysfunction especially difficulty in maintaining erection,secondary urethral stricture,heterotopic ossification,and breakage of implants.

小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质复合外泌体构建组织工程尿道

背景:小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质已被临床与基础研究证实可用于尿道的修复重建,但其单独应用时存在宿主细胞生长缓慢、支架血管化不足而成活困难、重建尿道狭窄梗阻等问题,仅适用于较短的尿道狭窄。目的:探讨应用小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质复合外泌体构建组织工程尿道的可行性。方法:从新西兰大白兔骨髓间充质干细胞中分离提取外泌体;制备猪小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质,将外泌体负载于小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质上。将小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体(PKH26染料标记)复合物与脐静脉内皮细胞共培养12 h,观察细胞摄取外泌体情况。选取生长状态良好的脐静脉内皮细胞,分3组培养:空白组常规培养,对照组加入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质,实验组加入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体复合物,通过划痕实验、成管实验、血管生成因子分泌检测评估血管生成情况。取30只新西兰大白兔,建立长段(3 cm)尿道缺损模型,采用随机数字表法分3组干预(n=10):单独材料组植入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质,对照组植入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-骨髓间充质干细胞复合物,实验组植入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体复合物,植入后12周进行尿道造影、尿动力学检查及重建尿道切片病理观察。结果与结论:(1)荧光显微镜下可见小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质中的外泌体可被脐静脉内皮细胞摄取。(2)与空白组、对照组相比,实验组材料可促进脐静脉内皮细胞的迁移、成血管能力以及成血管因子血管内皮生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、白细胞介素8的分泌(P <0.05)。(3)尿道造影结果显示,单独材料组10只兔均出现尿道狭窄,对照组10只兔中2只出现尿道狭窄,实验组10只兔均未出现尿道狭窄。尿动力检查结果显示,单独材料组兔材料植入后12周的最大尿道压高于术前(P <0.05),对照组、实验组兔植入后12周的最大尿道压均低于空白组(P <0.05)。苏木精-伊红、Masson与免疫组化染色显示,单独材料组可见明显的再生上皮层、少量的皮下平滑肌与血管,以纤维组织增生为主,伴有明显炎性细胞浸润;对照组可见较完整的再生上皮与少量胶原,可见大量的皮下血管与平滑肌,伴有炎性细胞浸润;实验组可见完整的再生上皮层与大量的皮下血管、平滑肌,未见明显炎性细胞浸润,实验组AE1/AE3、ɑ-平滑肌肌动蛋白、CD31阳性表达均高于单独材料组、对照组(P <0.05)。(4)结果表明,小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体组织工程尿道可通过促进血管生成来修复尿道缺损。

骨盆骨折尿道损伤的危险因素分析及风险预测模型构建——基于1358例患者的回顾性病例对照研究

背景急诊外伤中骨盆骨折发生率高,但伴随的尿道损伤容易被忽略。目的探讨骨盆骨折尿道损伤的相关危险因素,并基于此构建预测模型,为骨盆骨折尿道损伤的临床诊治提供参考。方法回顾性分析2000—2020年于解放军总医院第一医学中心住院治疗的1358例骨盆骨折患者的临床资料。采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归等方法进行影响因素分析;按照7∶3的比例将数据分为模型训练集和验证集,通过多个机器学习模型(包含梯度提升机、支持向量机、随机森林、极限梯度提升)构建尿道损伤风险预测模型并评估模型效能。结果纳入1358例骨盆骨折患者,中位年龄39(IQR:26~52)岁,其中男性占64.4%。骨盆骨折尿道损伤发生率为12.0%。多因素Logistic回归发现,性别、就诊科室、骨盆骨折Tiles分型、致伤原因、双肺呼吸音、中性粒细胞绝对值是骨盆骨折患者发生尿道损伤的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。构建的风险预测模型中随机森林模型的AUC最高(0.955),梯度提升机、支持向量机、极限梯度提升模型的AUC分别为0.936、0.940、0.953。结论骨盆骨折患者中尿道损伤的发生与多种因素有关,包括性别、就诊科室、骨盆骨折Tiles分型、致伤原因等。本研究根据上述独立危险因素,采用随机森林法开发并建立了骨盆骨折患者尿道损伤早期预测模型,具有较好的预测效能,有助于临床早期预测骨盆骨折患者合并尿道损伤的发生并给与及时治疗。

完全性脊髓横断后排尿次数对神经源性膀胱模型大鼠成模率的影响

背景:脊髓损伤常导致逼尿肌反射亢进型神经源性膀胱,目前对其发病机制和治疗缺乏明确认识,建立稳定可靠的动物模型对揭示疾病的病理机制和探索治疗方法具有重要影响。目的:探究完全性脊髓横断术后辅助排尿次数对神经源性膀胱模型大鼠的影响,以提高神经源性膀胱模型大鼠术后生存率及成模率。方法:从46只雌性SD大鼠中按随机数字表法抽取6只为假手术组,剩余40只大鼠完全性脊髓横断造模后随机分为每日排尿0,1,3,5次组,每组10只。术后19 d内每隔3 d测量残余尿量,术后第19天时观察存活及成模情况,进行尿流动力学检测及离体逼尿肌肌条收缩实验。结果与结论:①存活率及成模率:每日排尿0次组存活率10%,成模率10%;每日排尿1次组存活率20%,成模率10%;每日排尿3,5次组存活率70%,成模率70%;②残余尿量:与假手术组相比,术后第3,6,9,12,15天,每日排尿3,5次组的残余尿量显著增加(P<0.01);术后第18天,每日排尿3,5次组的残余尿量增多(P<0.05);与每日排尿3次组相比,术后第6天,每日排尿5次组的残余尿量减少(P<0.05),术后第3,9,12,15,18天,每日排尿5次组的残余尿量无统计学差异;③尿流动力学:与假手术组相比,每日排尿3,5次组大鼠的漏尿点压差明显减小(P<0.01),膀胱最大容量显著增大(P<0.01);与每日排尿3次组相比,每日排尿5次组的漏尿点压差和膀胱最大容量均无统计学差异;④离体逼尿肌肌条收缩实验:与假手术组相比,每日排尿3,5次组逼尿肌肌条收缩幅度和频率显著减少(P<0.01);与每日排尿3次组相比,每日排尿5次组的逼尿肌肌条收缩幅度和频率均无统计学差异。结果表明:辅助排尿是成功构建逼尿肌反射亢进型神经源性膀胱模型的影响因素之一,每日排尿3次或5次无明显差异,结合实际工作量和成模率,建议每日排尿频率至少3次及以上。

经输尿管镜置入导尿管治疗尿道骑跨伤配合心理护理对男性患者预后的影响研究

目的:探讨在经输尿管镜置入导尿管治疗尿道骑跨伤的护理中加入心理护理对男性患者预后的影响。方法:选取2020年2月至2023年3月我院接收的63例尿道骑跨伤男性患者作为研究对象,根据患者入院单双日的顺序将其分为试验组34例和对照组29例。两组均行经输尿管镜置入导尿管术治疗,对照组实施围术期常规护理,试验组在上述方案的基础上加入心理护理干预,比较两组患者的治疗效果和康复情况。结果:两组患者均取得理想的治疗效果。试验组患者术后3d的焦虑评分(SAS)为(45.2±2.9)分、抑郁评分(SDS)为(41.9±2.5)分,均低于对照组[SAS:(50.4±3.6)分,SDS:(48.3±4.0)分],组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患者术后24 h疼痛评分(6.2±0.6)分、术后48 h疼痛评分(4.9±0.7)分、术后72 h疼痛评分(2.5±0.6)分,均低于对照组[(6.8±0.9)分、(6.1±0.8)分、(3.9±0.9)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患者术后导尿管拔出时间(19.3±3.7)d,低于对照组(19.6±4.4)d,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组患者的住院时间[(14.1±2.9)d]短于对照组[(16.1±3.4)d],组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访1个月结果显示:试验组患者未见任何并发症,对照组出现排尿困难2例。结论:经输尿管镜置入导尿管治疗男性尿道骑跨伤是一种安全有效且创伤小的治疗方法,配合心理护理能够进一步缩短患者的康复进程并规避并发症,值得临床借鉴。

男性尿道狭窄病因及治疗方式10年变化的单中心回顾分析

目的探讨近10年单中心男性尿道狭窄病因及治疗方法的变化趋势。方法收集北京积水潭医院泌尿外科2013年1月—2022年12月收治的940例男性尿道狭窄患者,按照收治时间将患者分别纳入2013—2017年组及2018—2022年组,对比分析两组患者的病因、狭窄部位及长度和治疗方式。结果940例男性尿道狭窄的病因分别为外伤447例(47.55%)、医源性损伤220例(23.40%)、特发性病因128例(13.62%)、硬化性苔藓样变78例(8.30%)、感染46例(4.89%)、其他病因21例(2.23%)。治疗方法分别为尿道成形术691例(73.51%)、尿道狭窄内切开122例(12.98%)、尿道扩张86例(9.15%)、耻骨上膀胱造瘘41例(4.36%)。前后5年对比分析显示,2018—2022年组外伤所致尿道狭窄的占比较2013—2017年组明显下降(41.71%vs.60.34%,P<0.001),而医源性损伤所占比例明显上升(26.05%vs.17.63%,P=0.005);2018—2022年组尿道成形术占比有所增多(75.66%vs.68.81%,P=0.027),尿道狭窄内切开术的应用占比显著下降(9.92%vs.19.66%,P<0.001);2018—2022年组与2013—2017年组比较,膜部尿道狭窄所占比例显著下降(26.98%vs.50.85%,χ^(2)=51.06,P<0.001),而阴茎段尿道狭窄(21.40%vs.7.80%,χ^(2)=26.37,P<0.001)及尿道外口狭窄(9.30%vs.4.75%,χ^(2)=5.80,P<0.001)所占比例明显增多。结论外伤是近10年男性尿道狭窄的主要原因,但占比呈下降趋势;医源性损伤已上升为男性尿道狭窄的第2大原因;采用尿道成形术治疗的患者比例显著增多,成为近5年男性尿道狭窄最主要的治疗方法。

个性化膀胱安全容量指导下的有限冷热膀胱冲洗联合间歇性导尿对脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者的膀胱功能康复的影响

目的探讨个性化膀胱安全容量指导下的有限冷热膀胱冲洗联合间歇性导尿对脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者膀胱功能康复的影响。方法选取64例脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者作为研究对象,随机将其分为研究组和对照组,每组32例。对照组行个性化膀胱安全容量指导下的间歇性导尿,研究组在此基础上行个性化膀胱安全容量指导下的有限冷热膀胱冲洗,两组均干预4周。比较两组尿路感染情况、膀胱安全容量、残余尿量、单次排尿量和尿失禁次数。结果干预4周后,研究组的尿路感染率、残余尿量、尿失禁次数均低于对照组;研究组的膀胱安全容量、单次排尿量均大于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论个性化膀胱安全容量指导下的有限冷热膀胱冲洗联合间歇性导尿可增大脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者的膀胱安全容量,增加单次排尿量,减少尿路感染情况、残余尿量和尿失禁次数。

Immediate or delayed repair of pelvic fracture urethral disruption defects in young boys： twenty years of comparative experience

Background The treatment of the patient with pelvic fracture urethral disruption defects （PFUDD） remains controversial especially in pediatric urology. Debate continues in regarding the advisability of immediate repair versus delayed repair. The aim of this study was to analyze our experience in the outcomes of immediate and delayed repair of pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects in young boys. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 210 boys with posterior urethral disruption after pelvic injury between 1992 and 2012. Exclude partial urethral injury, a total of 177 cases acquired follow-up. All patients were evaluated by plain radiography, ultrasonography, or a computed tomography scan to assess the conditions of the upper urinary tract and to exclude other severe injuries. Data on 35 patients who underwent immediate repair were compared to those on 142 treated with delayed urethroplasty. After the diagnosis of a complete urethral injury, the immediate repair group underwent urethroplasty via the perineal approach if the patient＇s condition was stable, and serious complications were treated. The delayed repair group patients with the delayed urethroplasty average 6 months after injury. All patients were evaluated postoperatively for urethral strictures, incontinence and impotence. The patients were assessed by uroflowmetry and renal ultrasonography with evaluation of the postmictional residue every 3 months during the first year of follow-up. We assessed incontinence and erectile function by questioning the parents or the children themselves. Statistical analysis with the chi-square test was performed using SPSS software. Results One hundred and seventy-seven patients were followed up with an average 58 months （range 6 to 192 months）. Strictures developed in 3 （9%） patients in immediate repair group; two recluired direct visual internal urethrotomy （DVIU）, the other patient required dilatation. Strictures developed in 11.9% of the delayed repair group, 17 patients need visual internal urethrotomy or urethroplasty. Incontinence （11.4%） and impotence （8.6%） seem less frequent in the immediate repair group than in the delayed reconstruction group （17.7% and 21.8%, respectively）. However, the results showed that there was no statistical difference between the two groups in strictures after first surgery, incontinence and impotence. Patients with delayed reconstruction underwent an average of 2.6 procedures compared with an average of 1.1 in the immediate repair group. Conclusions Immediate repair of urethral disruption is possible when the patient＇s condition was stable. It may decrease the requirement for subsequent urethral surgeries. Immediate repair does not appear to increase the rate of impotence or incontinence. The strictures after immediate repair also may be easier to treat. Although immediate repair could be inconvenient in the massively injured patient, it is still a worthwhile maneuver in dealing with PFUDD.