Reformulation of Relativistic Quantum Field Theory Using Region-Like Idealization of the Elementary Particle

The existence of any elementary particle in universe requires the existence of some region of universe occupied by it. By taking the volume of this occupied region, the author will reformulate the relativistic quantum field theory using new 3-dimensional region-like idealization of elementary particles and hereinafter will call the total volume of all regions occupied by the elementary constituent particles of the quantum system the occupied volume. Also the author will call the set of all regions of universe filled by elementary constituent particles of the quantum system the occupied path. Always any quantum system is existed at a head of its occupied path. This path is growing by mutual filling and leaving regions of universe by its elementary constituent particles. The conservation of this elementary constituent particle requires the conservation of its occupied volume during this process. This requirement could be summarized by the following conditions: 1) the total volume of all regions of universe filled by the elementary constituent particles of the quantum system minus the total volume of all regions of universe left by these elementary constituent particles must be equal to the occupied volume of the quantum system;2) the total increase in the occupied volume of the quantum system due to the absorption of another elementary particles from outside its occupied regions minus the total decreasing in its occupied volume due to the emission of another elementary particles outside its occupied regions must be equal to the occupied volume of it. The wave-particle duality of the elementary constituent particles implied accumulation of them as the finite set of interfered waves. This accumulation of elementary constituent particles causes the absolute probabilistic nature of event of finding the elementary consistent particle in specified interfered wave, and hence the mathematical representation of this interfered wave should take into account the value of probability amplitude of finding an elementary particle inside the region occupied specified interfered wave. In quantum theory this probability amplitude corresponds to complex amplitude of the wave function of interfered wave. Also in Hilbert’s representation of the quantum theory these wave functions are representing the components of the quantum state vector. In this paper the author will develop the transformation theory of the region-like quantum state of the quantum system.

基于“IDEAL”模式的物理问题解决能力培养研究

学生“物理问题解决能力弱”是长期困扰物理教学的问题,认知心理学关于问题解决的“IDEAL”模式为该问题的研究提供了新的视角。以2022年全国乙卷理综第25题为例,借助“IDEAL”模式可以清晰地梳理问题解决的过程,明确各阶段学生遇到的困难及成因。研究发现,借助“读思达”教学法,通过粗读、精读等过程,可以有效帮助学生建构物理模型、理清物理过程,从而提高物理问题解决能力。

Derivation of a Revised Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation That Predicts Combustion Oscillations

Our study identifies a subtle deviation from Newton’s third law in the derivation of the ideal rocket equation, also known as the Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation (TRE). TRE can be derived using a 1D elastic collision model of the momentum exchange between the differential propellant mass element (dm) and the rocket final mass (m1), in which dm initially travels forward to collide with m1 and rebounds to exit through the exhaust nozzle with a velocity that is known as the effective exhaust velocity ve. We observe that such a model does not explain how dm was able to acquire its initial forward velocity without the support of a reactive mass traveling in the opposite direction. We show instead that the initial kinetic energy of dm is generated from dm itself by a process of self-combustion and expansion. In our ideal rocket with a single particle dm confined inside a hollow tube with one closed end, we show that the process of self-combustion and expansion of dm will result in a pair of differential particles each with a mass dm/2, and each traveling away from one another along the tube axis, from the center of combustion. These two identical particles represent the active and reactive sub-components of dm, co-generated in compliance with Newton’s third law of equal action and reaction. Building on this model, we derive a linear momentum ODE of the system, the solution of which yields what we call the Revised Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation (RTRE). We show that RTRE has a mathematical form that is similar to TRE, with the exception of the effective exhaust velocity (ve) term. The ve term in TRE is replaced in RTRE by the average of two distinct exhaust velocities that we refer to as fast-jet, vx1, and slow-jet, vx2. These two velocities correspond, respectively, to the velocities of the detonation pressure wave that is vectored directly towards the exhaust nozzle, and the retonation wave that is initially vectored in the direction of rocket propagation, but subsequently becomes reflected from the thrust surface of the combustion chamber to exit through the exhaust nozzle with a time lag behind the detonation wave. The detonation-retonation phenomenon is supported by experimental evidence in the published literature. Finally, we use a convolution model to simulate the composite exhaust pressure wave, highlighting the frequency spectrum of the pressure perturbations that are generated by the mutual interference between the fast-jet and slow-jet components. Our analysis offers insights into the origin of combustion oscillations in rocket engines, with possible extensions beyond rocket engineering into other fields of combustion engineering.

基于组合赋权-TOPSIS模型的机场运行效率评价

为提高机场运行效率评价结果的科学性和全面性,提出了一种基于组合赋权-TOPSIS(technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution)模型的机场运行效率评价方法。从机位运行效率、旅客登机效率、飞机滑行效率和协同效率4个维度出发,构建了由航班靠桥率、廊桥周转率、机位变更比例等11个指标组成的机场运行效率评价体系;利用G1法、熵权法分别计算评价指标主观和客观权重,以最小化主客观加权属性偏离程度为目标计算组合权重;使用TOPSIS计算待评价机场综合评价指数。利用该模型分析国内3类共8家机场的运行效率,可以得到各评价对象的运行效率等级和综合排名。结果表明:该模型能够有效探明影响机场运行效率的主要因素,具有一定的参考价值。

面向自愈的智能配电网免疫力评估方法

自愈是智能配电网区别于传统配电网的显著特征,为提高各项自愈技术实用化水平,需要准确掌握智能配电网整体免疫力水平。因此,借鉴人体免疫系统机理,提出了智能配电网免疫系统,包括免疫耐受、免疫自稳、免疫识别、免疫应答和免疫恢复5类功能,在此基础上,提出了基于改进层次分析法与逼近理想解距离法相结合的智能配电网免疫力评估模型构建方法,并构建了智能配电网免疫力评估指标体系以及智能配电网免疫力评估模型。此评估模型能够全面且多层次地考虑影响智能配电网免疫力强弱的各类因素,在实际应用中为智能配电网精细化运维检修和管理提供理论参考。

磁共振脂肪定量技术IDEAL-IQ评价腰椎骨质疏松严重程度的价值

目的 探讨基于MRI迭代最小二乘法水脂分离定量技术(IDEAL-IQ)的椎体骨髓脂肪分数(FF)值在评估腰椎骨质疏松严重程度中的价值。方法 收集88例同时接受双能X线骨密度测量(DXA)和腰椎IDEAL-IQ序列检查的患者,根据DXA结果分为正常骨量组(36例)、低骨量组(23例)和骨质疏松组(29例),并在IDEAL-IQ序列脂肪分数图中测量椎体的脂肪分数;应用单因素方差分析比较3组椎体的FF值,ROC曲线评估诊断效能;FF值与年龄、身高、体重、BMI指数以及BMD值进行Pearson相关分析。结果 正常骨量组、低骨量组、骨质疏松组FF值分别为(38.84±6.75)%、(51.96±7.65)%、(58.39±12.81)%,总体及组间比较差异显著(P<0.05);FF值识别正常组、低骨量组的AUC为0.797,以46.85%为阈值,敏感度、特异度分别为73.91%、80.56%;FF值识低骨量组、骨质疏松组的AUC为0.691,以57.12%为阈值,敏感度、特异度分别为79.31%、69.57%。FF值与年龄呈正相关(P<0.001,r=0.6059);FF与身高(P<0.001,r=-0.3783)、体重(P<0.001,r=-0.4686)、BMI(P<0.001,r=-0.3649)、BMD(p=0.01,r=-0.2738)呈负相关;与性别无明确相关性。结论 IDEAL-IQ能够精准量化椎体的骨髓脂肪含量,对评估骨质疏松症严重程度有一定价值,有助于从骨质量层面反映骨质疏松状态。

3.0 T磁共振T_(2)WI IDEAL及DTI在腰椎间盘退行性变中应用

目的 探讨3.0 T磁共振T_(2)加权成像(T_(2)WI)、三点法非对称回波水脂分离(IDEAL)成像及扩散张量成像(DTI)在腰椎间盘退行性变评估中的应用价值。方法 选择100例腰椎间盘退行性变患者,其中男性51例,女性49例;年龄14~85岁,平均年龄49.4岁;病程1天~3年,平均病程(65.0±16.2)天;发生椎间盘突出部位L_(1/2)椎间盘2例,L_(2/3)椎间盘7例,L_(3/4)椎间盘23例,L_(4/5)椎间盘56例,L5/S1椎间盘48例。采用T_(2)WI IDEAL水相位图根据Pfirrmann分级标准对椎间盘进行分级,并测量各椎间盘T_(2)信号强度(T_(2)SI)。采用矢状位DTI图测量各椎间盘部分各向异性系数(FA)及表观扩散系数(ADC)。比较椎间盘不同Pfirrmann分级间FA、ADC值及T_(2)SI,并统计分析FA、ADC值及T_(2)SI与Pfirrmann分级间的相关性。结果 腰腿痛患者中,Ⅰ级椎间盘19个,Ⅱ级椎间盘126个,Ⅲ级椎间盘178个,Ⅳ级椎间盘144个,Ⅴ级椎间盘33个。椎间盘不同Pfirrmann分级间FA、ADC值及T_(2)SI总体差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间多重比较显示,椎间盘ADC值在Ⅳ级与Ⅴ级之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ⅰ~Ⅲ级组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);FA及T_(2)SI组间比较,除Ⅰ级与Ⅱ级间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其余Ⅲ~Ⅴ级组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。椎间盘FA值与Pfirrmann分级呈中度正相关(r=0.626,P<0.05);ADC值与Pfirrmann分级呈高度负相关(r=-0.752,P<0.05);T_(2)SI与Pfirrmann分级呈高度负相关(r=-0.712,P<0.05);T_(2)SI与ADC值呈中度正相关(r=0.505,P<0.05);T_(2)SI与FA值呈弱负相关(r=-0.319,P<0.05)。结论 结合T_(2)WI IDEAL和DTI进行分析,可以为腰椎间盘退行性变的临床诊断及疗效评估提供参考依据。

Some results on derivations of MV-algebras

In this paper, we review some of their related properties of derivations on MValgebras and give some characterizations of additive derivations. Then we prove that the fixed point set of Boolean additive derivations and that of their adjoint derivations are isomorphic.In particular, we prove that every MV-algebra is isomorphic to the direct product of the fixed point set of Boolean additive derivations and that of their adjoint derivations. Finally we show that every Boolean algebra is isomorphic to the algebra of all Boolean additive(implicative)derivations. These results also give the negative answers to two open problems, which were proposed in [Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 303(2016), 97-113] and [Information Sciences, 178(2008),307-316].

National Hypertension Day: Healthy Living, Ideal Blood Pressure

According to the “Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2022” released by the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in China is on the rise, with approximately 245 million people suffering from hypertension. October 8, 2023.

Influence of asymmetric tidal mixing on sediment dynamics in a partially mixed estuary

To investigate the influence of asymmetric tidal mixing(ATM) on sediment dynamics in tidal estuaries, we developed a vertically one-dimensional idealized analytical model, in which the M_2 tidal flow, residual flow and suspended sediment concentration(SSC) are described. Model solutions are obtained in terms of tidallyaveraged, and tidally-varying components(M_2 and M_4) of both hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics. The effect of ATM was considered with a time-varying eddy viscosity and time-varying eddy diffusivity of SSC. For the first time, an analytical solution for SSC variation driven by varying diffusivity could be derived. The model was applied to York River Estuary, where higher(or lower) eddy diffusivity was observed during flood(or ebb) in a previous study. The model results agreed well with the observation in both hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics. The vertical sediment distribution under the influence of ATM was analyzed in terms of the phase lag of the M_2 component of SSC relative to tidal flow. The phase lag increases significantly in estuaries with typical ATM(higher diffusivity during flood and lower diffusivity during ebb) for the case of seaward-directed net bottom shear stress(e.g., strong river discharge). In contrary, the phase lag is reduced by ATM, if the tidally-averaged bottom shear stress is landward(e.g., strong horizontal density gradient). The dynamics of sediment transport was analyzed as a function of ATM phase lag to identify the time of highest sediment diffusivity, as well as a function of the residual flow, to evaluate the relative importance of seaward and landward residual flows. In estuaries with relative strong fresh water discharge or weak tidal forcing(in case of flood season or neap tide), the near bottom SSC could be higher during ebb than during flood, since the bottom shear stress is higher during ebb due to seaward residual flow. However, landward net sediment transport can be expected in these estuaries in case of a typical ATM, because higher diffusivity causes higher SSC and landward transport during the flood period, while both SSC and seaward transport could be lower during ebb. On the contrary, seaward sediment transport can be expected in estuaries with landward tidally mean bottom shear stress in case of a reverse ATM,where sediment diffusivity is higher during the ebb.

Exploration and optimization of surgical techniques for laparoscopic transhiatal lower mediastinal lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction: A prospective IDEAL 2a study with qualitative design

Objective: To explore the change and feasibility of surgical techniques of laparoscopic transhiatal(TH)-lower mediastinal lymph node dissection(LMLND) for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)according to Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-term follow-up(IDEAL) 2a standards.Methods: Patients diagnosed with AEG who underwent laparoscopic TH-LMLND were prospectively included from April 14, 2020, to March 26, 2021. Clinical and pathological information as well as surgical outcomes were quantitatively analyzed. Semistructured interviews with the surgeon after each operation were qualitatively analyzed.Results: Thirty-five patients were included. There were no cases of transition to open surgery, but three cases involved combination with transthoracic surgery. In qualitative analysis, 108 items under three main themes were detected: explosion, dissection, and reconstruction. Revised instruction was subsequently designed according to the change in surgical technique and the cognitive process behind it. Three patients had anastomotic leaks postoperatively, with one classified as Clavien-Dindo Ⅲa.Conclusions: The surgical technique of laparoscopic TH-LMLND is stable and feasible;further IDEAL 2b research is warranted.

Approximations by Ideal Minimal Structure with Chemical Application

The theory of rough set represents a non-statistical methodology for analyzing ambiguity and imprecise information.It can be characterized by two crisp sets,named the upper and lower approximations that are used to determine the boundary region and accurate measure of any subset.This article endeavors to achieve the best approximation and the highest accuracy degree by using the minimal structure approximation space MSAS via ideal J.The novel approach(indicated by JMSAS)modifies the approximation space to diminish the bound-ary region and enhance the measure of accuracy.The suggested method is more accurate than Pawlak’s and EL-Sharkasy techniques.Via illustrated examples,several remarkable results using these notions are obtained and some of their properties are established.Several sorts of near open(resp.closed)sets based on JMSAS are studied.Furthermore,the connections between these assorted kinds of near-open sets in JMSAS are deduced.The advantages and disadvan-tages of the proposed approach compared to previous ones are examined.An algorithm using MATLAB and a framework for decision-making problems are verified.Finally,the chemical application for the classification of amino acids(AAs)is treated to highlight the significance of applying the suggested approximation.

基于模糊群决策的绿色供应商选择和订单分配方法

随着市场竞争愈发激烈、全球环境日益恶化以及公众环保意识的提高,绿色采购问题受到了广泛关注。现有研究绝大多数聚焦于考虑绿色准则的供应商选择问题,以实现可持续经营。然而,在综合考虑时间、价格和成本等因素的前提下,从适应性强的供应商处获得适当的产品,对于企业来说更为可行和经济,即供应商选择和订单分配。为了解决上述关键问题,提出了一种模糊环境下的多准则群体决策方法。提出了一种基于理想解相似性偏好排序和层次分析法(technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution and analytic hierarchy process,TOPSIS-AHP)的模糊排序方法,该方法可根据企业战略灵活调整传统准则和绿色准则的权重。在双目标优化模型中引入供应商排名进行订货,在实现采购绩效最大化的同时,最大限度地降低采购成本。结果表明:所提方法能够有效评价供应商绩效,并优化候选供应商之间的订单分配。

Selecting suitable key supplier for core components during smart complex equipment central-private enterprises collaborative development process:from two different forms of evaluation information and matching perspective

With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.

Two-Sided Matching Decision Making with Multi-Attribute Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets

In previous research on two-sided matching(TSM)decision,agents’preferences were often given in the form of exact values of ordinal numbers and linguistic phrase term sets.Nowdays,the matching agent cannot perform the exact evaluation in the TSM situations due to the great fuzziness of human thought and the complexity of reality.Probability hesitant fuzzy sets,however,have grown in popularity due to their advantages in communicating complex information.Therefore,this paper develops a TSM decision-making approach with multi-attribute probability hesitant fuzzy sets and unknown attribute weight information.The agent attribute weight vector should be obtained by using the maximum deviation method and Hamming distance.The probabilistic hesitancy fuzzy information matrix of each agent is then arranged to determine the comprehensive evaluation of two matching agent sets.The agent satisfaction degree is calculated using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).Additionally,the multi-object programming technique is used to establish a TSM method with the objective of maximizing the agent satisfaction of two-sided agents,and the matching schemes are then established by solving the built model.The study concludes by providing a real-world supply-demand scenario to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The proposed method is more flexible than prior research since it expresses evaluation information using probability hesitating fuzzy sets and can be used in scenarios when attribute weight information is unclear.

The Haitian Revolution:An Insignificant Revolution?

This work posits that the Haitian Revolution became an insignificant Revolution the minute that it was usurped by the Affranchis class,the mulatto elites and petit-bourgeois creole blacks,seeking equality of opportunity,recognition,and distribution with their former colonial masters,from the Africans who commenced the event on the night of August 14th,1791.Whereas the Africans,I conclude,sought total freedom from the mercantilist and liberal order of the whites,which made the Haitian Revolution significant,the vindicationism sought by the Affranchis class undermined the agential initiatives of the Africans rendering the Revolution revolutionarily insignificant.

Hegel and the Antidialectic

This work,using the case study of the Haitian Revolution,positions Paul C.Mocombe’s theory of antidialectic within Hegel’s dialectical reasoning.Mocombe posits that the antidialectical position in Hegel’s dialectic is the position of each self-consciousness when they initially encounter each other at the onset of the master/slave dialectic.Whereas,the master seeks to move to the dialectical position in order to dominate and eliminate the original(antidialectical)position of the slave,the slave remains in this antidialectical position so long as they seek to fight against their enslavement for the purpose of maintaining and reproducing their original,antidialectical,position,which is social,political,economic,and ideological.In any other instances,they(the slaves)are either in the dialectical,seeking to maintain the status quo,or negative dialectical,seeking to integrate the status quo on equal footing with the master,positions.

From“Mother Goddess”to“Mother”:A Comparison of the Image of Motherhood in“Lotus Lantern”and“Nezha:Birth of the Demon Child”*

The mother figure is the most frequent female figure in animated films.The portrayal of the mother figure in Lotus Lantern and Nezha:Birth of the Demon Child reflects the social construction of the mother figure in both films,and sheds light on the concepts and attitudes of women in society at different times.The mother figure in Lotus Lantern has the characteristics of a traditional ideal mother in a typically patriarchal culture;the mother figure in Nezha:Birth of the Demon Child returns to the realistic mother.The construction of the ideal mother to the realistic mother will also lead us to a more realistic understanding and concern for mothers and women in a realistic context.

A Theoretical Study on Energy of a Gaseous System Vis-a-Vis Mass and Temperature

To study various properties of a gas has been a subject of rational curiosity in pneumatic sciences. A gaseous system, in general, is studied by using four measurable parameters namely, the pressure, volume, number of moles and temperature. In the present work, an attempt is made to study the variation of energy of an ideal gas with the two measurable parameters, the mass and temperature of the gas. Using the well known ideal gas equation, PV = nRT where symbols have their usual meanings and some simple mathematical operations widely used in physics, chemistry and mathematics in a transparent manner, an equation of state relating the three variables, the energy, mass and temperature of an ideal gas is obtained. It is found that energy of an ideal gas is equal to the product of mass and temperature of the gas. This gives a direct relationship between the energy, mass and temperature of the gas. Out of the three variables, the energy, mass and temperature of an ideal gas, if one of the parameters is held constant, the other two variables can be measured. At a constant temperature, when the power or energy is stabilized, the increase in the mass of the gas may affect the new works and an engine can therefore be prevented from overheating.

Consciousness Field Theory and Antihuman Psychology

Against behaviorism,humanism,and cognitive psychology,this work explores Mocombe’s antihuman psychology as a product of his consciousness field theory.The paper critically assesses Mocombe’s consciousness field theory within the larger body of contemporary ontological debates regarding the nature,origin,and constitution of consciousness,especially human consciousness,vis-à-vis their relations to the psychological theories of behaviorism,humanism,and cognitivism,concluding that consciousness field theory posits an alternative psychological theory of the mind,i.e.,antihuman psychology,to behaviorist,humanist,and cognitivist conceptions of the mind.