A Review on the Identification Indicators of Tea Germplasm

Tea plant is cross pollinated plant, it forms a variety of the tea Germplasm constantly in the long-term breeding process. Tea Germplasm resources are the material foundation for improving varieties and also the basic research which is good for developing and expanding tea well-bred varieties in tea field, especially in quality selection and biotechnology research. Furthermore, excellent tea germplasm is primary condition for tea breeding and quality. Therefore, identification and screening excellent tea germplasm become particularly important. We need accelerate develop high-quality tea varieties, and it need to base on exploring and studying tea germplasm. This paper reviews the research progress of tea germplasm on identification from morphological characteristic, biological characteristic, quality characteristic, resistance and heredity. However, there are still some problems on identification and screening of tea germplasm, no effective methods have been found so far which apply on early identification and genetic engineering, so we should make intensive and long lasting study tea germplasm and analyze systematically various identification, which are benefit for breeding high-quality seeds, shortening the breeding period and summing the new way of breeding. We expect them to play the key roles and provide the theory basis for genetic improvement, classification and breeding in tea plant.

Specific Spikelet Fertility as an Indicator of Cold Tolerance Identification at Booting Stage in Rice

By using the parents, Kunmingxiaobaigu, a landrace variety with cold tolerance from Yunnan, China, and Towada, a cold-sensitive variety bred in Japan, as well as their F8 and F9 RIL progenies as test materials, cold tolerance of rice at the booting stage in 2002 and 2003 under four different altitudes （environments）, and the correlationship between spikelet fertility and specific spikelet fertility （spikelet fertility of nine spikelets from the 3rd to the 5th spikelets of three primary branches at the top of each panicle） of single plant were analyzed, The data revealed a significant correlationship between spikelet fertility and specific spikelet fertility with the range from 0.7364 to 0.9011. However, under the cold stress environments, the correlation coefficients were higher than those without cold stress. On the other hand, the panicle exsertion was correlated to both spikelet fertility and specific spikelet fertility. Moreover, the heredity analysis suggested that specific spikelet fertility could replace spikelet fertility as an identification indicator, while panicle exsertion could be used as a partial indicator of cold tolerance identification at the booting stage in rice.

An efficient equivariant adaptive separation via independence algorithm for acoustical source separation and identification

To balance the convergence rate and steadystate error of blind source separation(BSS) algorithms, an efficient equivariant adaptive separation via independence(Efficient EASI) algorithm is proposed based on separating indicator, which was derived from the convergence condition of EASI, and can be used to evaluate the separation degree of separated signals. Furthermore, a nonlinear monotone increasing function between suitable step sizes and separating indicator is constructed to adaptively adjust step sizes, and forgetting factor is employed to weaken effects of data at the initial stage. Numerical case studies and experimental studies on a test bed with shell structures are provided to validate the efficiency improvement of the proposed method. This study can benefit for vibration & acoustic monitoring and control, and machinery condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.

Optimal Operation Control Strategies for Active Distribution Networks Under Multiple States:A Systematic Review

With the large-scale integration of distributed renewable generation(DRG)and increasing proportion of power electronic equipment,the traditional power distribution network(DN)is evolving into an active distribution network(ADN).The operation state of an ADN,which is equipped with DRGs,could rapidly change among multiple states,which include steady,alert,and fault states.It is essential to manage large-scale DRG and enable the safe and economic operation of ADNs.In this paper,the current operation control strategies of ADNs under multiple states are reviewed with the interpretation of each state and the transition among the three aforementioned states.The multi-state identification indicators and identification methods are summarized in detail.The multi-state regulation capacity quantification methods are analyzed considering controllable resources,quantification indicators,and quantification methods.A detailed survey of optimal operation control strategies,including multi-state operations,is presented,and key problems and outlooks for the expansion of ADN are discussed.