Field identification of morphological and physiological traits in two special mutants with strong tolerance and high sensitivity to drought stress in upland rice(Oryza sativa L.)

The two mutants idr1-1 and 297-28, which were obtained from the radiation mutation of HD297 and IAPAR9, were used as experimental materials in this study for a 2-year(2012 and 2013) experiment about field drought resistance identification in Beijing, China. Key agronomic traits and water-related physiological indexes were observed and measured, including the leaf anti-dead level(LADL), days to heading, plant height, setting percentage, aboveground biomass, leaf water potential(LWP), net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and transpiration rate. The results showed that the mutant idr1-1 that was under drought stress(DS) conditions for 2 years had the highest LADL grades(1.3 and 2.0) among all the materials, and they were 2–3 grades stronger than the wild-type IAPAR9 with an average that was 21.4% higher for the setting percentage than the wild type. Compared with the IAPAR9 for the 2-year average delay in the days to heading and the reduction rates in the plant height, setting percentage, and aboveground biomass under DS compared with the well-watered(WW) treatment, idr1-1 showed 3.2% less delay and 19.1, 16.4, and 6.1% less reduction, respectively. The idr1-1 in the LWP always exhibited the highest performance among all the materials. The Pn of idr1-1 under severe and mild DS comparing with that under WW was slightly decreased and even slightly increased, respectively, leading to an average reduction rate of only 0.92%, which was 26.93% less than that of IAPAR9. Under the severe DS, idr1-1 still showed the highest value of 16.88 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1 among all the materials and was significantly higher than that of IAPAR9(11.66 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1). Furthermore, only idr1-1 had the increased and the highest transpiration rate values(7.6 and 6.04 mmol H2 O m–2 s–1) under both mild and severe DS compared with the values under WW, when the transpiration rate of all the other materials significantly decreased. By contrast, the 297-28 in terms of the LADL grade under DS was the lowest(7.0), and it was four grades weaker than its wildtype HD297 and even one grade weaker than the drought-sensitive paddy rice SN265. For the 2-year average reduction rates in aboveground biomass and plant heights under DS compared with those under the WW, 297-28 was 31.6 and 31.8% higher than HD297, respectively. Meanwhile, 297-28 showed the worst performance for the LWP, Pn, and transpiration rate. These results suggest that idr1-1 might be a superior drought tolerant mutant of upland rice found in China. It has a strong ability to maintain and even enhance leaf transpiration while maintaining a high plant water potential under DS, thus supporting a high Pn and alleviating the delay in agronomic trait development and yield loss effectively. 297-28 is a much more highly drought-sensitive mutant that is even more sensitive than paddy rice varieties. The two mutants could be used as drought tolerance controls for rice germplasm identification and the drought resistant mechanism studies in the future. idr1-1 is also suitable for breeding drought-tolerant and lodging-resistant high-yield rice varieties.

Screening and Simple Identification of Drought-resistant Lines in Sugarcane Breeding

Six sugarcane plant lines were selected from seedlings owing to good performance in agronomic characters under drought conditions.A special test with drought stress to death under groove was carried out to select the best drought tolerant clones among them. The proportion of bound water to free water content in leaves,cell cytoplasm membrane permeability in leaves,yield components,etc.,which were regarded as reasonable indexes to identify drought resistance of sugarcane,were measured. The results showed that both YT06-868 and YT05-339 were winners. The two were high-class drought-resistant clones. On some measured indexes,both of them had higher values than ROC22( the main check variety) and on the other ones,they both had the same values as ROC22. The drought resistance of YT05-291 was moderate and between ROC22 and ROC16( the secondary check variety),while the others had poor drought-resistant according to these indexes.

Rapid Identification for Drought Resistance of Wheat Using Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

[Objective] This study aimed to establish an identification system for drought-resistance in wheat by using near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. [Method] In 2006-2007, 36 wheat varieties with different drought resistance were selected and were classified according to their drought resistance grades determined by the Technical Specification of Identification and Evaluation for Drought Resistance in Wheat （GB/T 21127-2007）. In addition, the harvested wheat seed samples were spectrally analyzed with FOSS NIRSystems5000 near-infrared spectrum analyzer for grain quality （full spectrum analyzer） and then the forecasted regression equations were established. [Result] After the establishment of a database and validation, dis- criminated functions were obtained. The determination coefficient （RSQ） and coeffi- cients of determination for cross validation （1-VR） in the discriminant function built with seed samples from water stress area were 0.846 0 and 0.781 8, respectively, which indicated that the consistency between drought resistance and spectral charac- teristics in wheat varieties was good, and there was high correlation between the near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra of seeds and the drought resistance in wheat. [Conclusiou] Under water stress condition, it is feasible to establish a conve- nient, rapid and no-damage identification system for the drought resistance in wheat by using the near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrum technique to scan wheat seeds.

Identification of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family members in grapevine reveals that VviDEADRH25a confers tolerance to drought stress

Grapevine growing areas are increasingly affected by drought,which has greatly limited global wine production and quality.DEAD-box is one of the largest subfamilies of the RNA helicase family,and its members play key roles in the growth and development of plants and their stress responses.Previous studies have shown the potential of DEAD-box genes in the drought stress responses of Arabidopsis and tomato,rice,and other crop species.However,information about DEAD-box genes in grapevine remains limited.In this report,a total of 40 DEAD-box genes were identified in grapevine and their protein sequence characteristics and gene structures were analyzed.By comparing the expression profiles of VviDEADRHs in response to drought stress in different grapevine varieties,nine candidate genes(VviDEADRH10c,-13,-22,-25a,-25b,-33,-34,-36,and-39)were screened based on expression profiling data.Combined with qRTPCR results,Vvi DEADRH25a was selected for functional verification.Heterologous overexpression of Vvi DEADRH25a in Arabidopsis showed the transgenic plants were more sensitive to drought stress than the control.Both electrolyte permeability and malondialdehyde content were significantly increased in transgenic plants,whereas the chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)enzyme activities were significantly decreased.Furthermore,VviDEADRH25a-overexpressing plants showed down-regulated expression levels of several drought stress-related marker genes,namely At COR15a,At RD29A,At ERD15,and At P5CS1,which indicated that they participated in the drought stress response.In summary,this study provides new insights into the structure,evolution,and participation of DEAD-box RNA helicase genes in the response to drought stress in grapevines.

In Vitro Selection and Identification of Drought-Tolerant Mutants in Sweetpotato

In vitro selection of drought-tolerant mutants in sweetpotato cv. Lizixiang was studied by using PEG6000 as selection stress. Embryogenic suspension cultures were cultured in MS medium containing 035% PEG6000 and 2 mg L 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The results indicated that 30% PEG6000 can be used for the optimal selection stress of drought-tolerance. Embryogenic suspension cultures irradiated with 80 Gy gamma-ray were cultured in MS medium containing 30% PEG6000 and 2 mg L 1 2,4-D and 20 drought-tolerant cell aggregates were obtained. These cell aggregates were transferred to solid MS me- dium supplemented with 2 mg L 1 2,4-D and formed embryogenic callus with somatic embryos. The embryogenic callus with somatic embryos was further transferred to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L 1 abscisic acid (ABA), resulting in the germination of somatic embryos. In this study a total of 18 regenerated plants were obtained. The regenerated plants were transplanted in a greenhouse and 11 lines were formed. The analysis on drought treatment of seedlings, water retaining capacity of leaves and coefficient of drought-tolerance showed that 3 lines had significant drought-tolerance in comparison with the control plants.

Drought Tolerance Identification and Eevluation of Maize during Flowering Stage in Guangxi

Total 20 maize varieties were subjected to drought stress at flowering stage,and then the relative water content,soluble sugar content,chlorophyll content,malondialdehyde( MDA) content and superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity in their leaves,as well as their yields were determined. The drought tolerance of the physiological and biochemical indexes was scored by five-level scoring method,and the drought tolerance index was calculated by the yield index to comprehensively evaluate the drought tolerance of maize during flowering stage. The results showed that the scores of drought tolerance of the maize varieties ranged from 1. 929 3 to 5. 659 5. Among them,the scores of Zhengda 619,Guidan 162 and Guidan 0810 were greater than 5. 0,followed by Dika 008,Xianyu 30 T60,Xianzhengda 901,Qingnong 68,South America No. 1 and Wanchuan 1306 of which the scores were in the range of 4. 0-5. 0. The drought tolerance indexes were in the range of 0. 410 4-1. 096 3. Among the test maize varieties,the drought tolerance indexes of Guidan 0810,Pacific 99 and Zhengda 619 were greater than 1. 0,and those of Xianyu 30 T60,Dika 008 and South America No. 1 were in the range of 0. 9-1. 0. The correlation between the two kinds of evaluation results was 0. 588 7 and was extremely significant. The five-level scoring method and the drought tolerance index can be used simultaneously for the evaluation of drought tolerance of maize during flowering stage. The two aspects of evaluation results showed that Guidan 0810,Zhengda 619,Xianyu 30 T60,Dika 008 and South America No. 1 were drought-tolerant varieties,among which Guidan 0810 and Zhengda 619 were extremely highly drought-tolerant varieties.

Screening of Drought Resistance Identification Indexes for Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars in Ningxia

The morphological characters, physiological characters, yield traits and yield per plant of total 49 rice cultivars from Ningxia were investigated under conditions of water stress and non-water stress so as to determine the relationship between each trait and yield per plant under water stress and the relationship between each relative character and drought resistance coefficient under water stress and non-water stress. The correlation, grey correlation, stepwise regression and path analyses showed that the tiller number per plant, plant height, grain density, effective panicle number per plant and grain number per panicle, total 5 traits, were significantly correlated with the drought resistance of rice, and they could be used to identify the drought resistance of rice in Ningxia. In addition, the drought resistance of rice was graded qualitatively according to the subordinate function value of corresponding drought resistance coefficient. The results showed that among the 49 rice cultivars from Ningxia,6 rice cultivars were highly drought resistant, and 9 rice cultivars were moderately drought resistant, suggesting that the evaluation method was feasible and effective.

An overview of soil moisture drought research in China:Progress and perspective

论文回顾了中国土壤湿度干旱(SMD)历史重建和季节预测研究进展,并对未来研究进行了展望,自1950s年代以来,全国整体干旱频率增加,持续时间延长,且有明显区域特征.SMD预测多是利用土壤湿度与气候变量之间的统计关系,而少量基于动力学方法的干旱预测研究强调了初始条件和大气强迫数据对季节尺度干旱预测的重要性,本论文提出:1)加强多时间尺度,跨区域的SMD研究;2)联合气候预测系统,陆面模式和多源土壤湿度数据研制SMD预测系统。

34份狼尾草萌发期抗旱性综合评价

为评价狼尾草抗旱能力,筛选优异资源,以34份狼尾草材料为对象,研究其PEG-6000胁迫下种子发芽特性,采用隶属函数法和聚类分析对狼尾草抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明,5%的PEG-6000浓度处理下,狼尾草的发芽率、萌发指数、发芽指数较对照显著增加,表现为促进效应;随着干旱胁迫的增加,各材料发芽受抑作用明显。狼尾草胚芽长和胚根长随PEG浓度的增加呈逐渐下降趋势,其中胚芽较胚根对干旱更敏感。依据测定指标差异程度和变异系数,表明15%的PEG-6000是狼尾草萌发期抗旱性鉴定的适宜浓度。在此浓度处理下,34份狼尾草综合评价值在0.027~0.942之间,其中LW31最高,LW29最低。通过聚类分析所有材料被分为3类,其中LW4、LW9、LW11、LW31、LW42、LW20-2和LW21-1属抗旱材料,可作为狼尾草抗旱性新品种选育的基础材料。

不同大豆品种萌发期抗旱性鉴定方法研究

为筛选出大豆萌发期抗旱性鉴定的适宜试验条件,以大豆品种陇中黄601、恳鉴豆15、九农29、长农16为供试材料,采用蛭石法和滤纸法进行发芽试验,运用内源转录间隔区(Internally Transcribed Spacer,ITS)序列分析法进行发芽床筛选,测定各供试大豆品种的发芽率、硬实豆数、发霉豆数,并进行了蛭石湿度和PEG-6000浓度筛选。结果表明,蛭石法发芽试验能明显减少大豆发芽试验中产生霉菌的种类与数量,适宜在大豆萌发期抗旱性鉴定中应用。且在蛭石湿度为170%、PEG-6000浓度为22%的条件下,不同大豆品种间的发芽率差异比较明显,硬实豆数和发霉豆数少,试验数据可靠,可作为大豆萌发期抗旱性鉴定试验的适宜条件。且在此条件下,4个供试大豆品种的抗旱性表现由强到弱依次为陇中黄601、九农29、长农16、恳鉴豆15。

1961—2022年四川省区域性干旱过程识别及时空演变特征

利用四川142个国家气象站1961—2022年逐日气温、降水资料,基于气象干旱综合指数(MCI)及其区域性干旱过程识别方法,分析四川区域性干旱时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)1961—2022年四川识别239次区域性干旱过程,平均3.9次/a,综合强度为较强等级以上占比49.4%;过程开始11月最多,9月最少;过程频次1960年代和1990年代偏少,1970年代、1980年代和21世纪以来相对偏多。(2)四川省区域性干旱过程的综合强度呈显著增强趋势,主要是过程影响范围增加趋势明显,平均每10 a增加3.7站,而过程强度和持续天数的变化趋势均不明显。(3)四川省各地干旱日数变化趋势各异,盆地及攀西地区干旱频发态势明显,常见4种区域干旱分型,分别是盆西南型、盆东北型、盆西北型和攀西型。(4)2022年四川省发生4次区域性干旱过程,过程频次接近常年水平,年度干旱综合评价为近10年来偏强。区域性干旱过程识别结果与业务实际和灾情验证比较吻合,综合强度指标对干旱事件的影响有一定表征能力,可本地化业务应用于四川区域性干旱过程监测评估。

基于叶绿素荧光遥感的中国西南耕地干旱响应研究

在全球变暖的背景下,干旱对农业生产造成了严重影响,研究农作物产量对干旱的响应对维护粮食安全至关重要。中国西南地区地貌复杂,受降水、水汽水平和垂直输送等因素影响,干旱频发。采用太阳诱导叶绿素荧光(SIF)卫星遥感数据和自校准的帕尔默干旱严重程度指数(sc_PDSI)对2001~2022年中国西南耕地区域的干旱进行了识别,并分析了粮食产量对干旱的响应,结果显示:中国西南耕地在2003年、2006年、2007年及2009~2014年间遭受了干旱,其中2011年8月和9月干旱最为严重,sc_PDSI值分别为-2.61和-2.52;2001~2022年中国西南作物GOSIF呈显著增加趋势(+0.0026 W/m2μm·sr·yr,p<0.05);粮食产量与GOSIF、scPDSI均显著相关,但GOSIF的相关系数高于sc_PDSI,说明GOSIF能更准确地反映作物产量动态。本研究成果对于区域干旱的空间特征、演化趋势以及因干旱产生的粮食产量损失估计具有重要参考价值。

2022年长江流域不同类型干旱时空响应关系

为研究2022年长江流域不同类型干旱的时空响应关系,基于三维时空聚类识别方法在月尺度下提取2022年长江流域气象、农业和水文干旱事件,在候尺度(5 d)下利用三类型干旱事件对匹配规则识别2022年长江流域存在时空联系的气象农业水文干旱事件对,定量揭示各类型干旱之间的时空响应关系。结果表明:三维时空聚类识别方法在月尺度下识别出历时大于2月的气象、农业和水文干旱事件分别为3、2和2场,能够清晰地刻画出各类型干旱在时空上的发生、发展、消亡过程;利用三类型干旱事件对匹配规则在候尺度下识别出2022年长江流域1场气象农业水文干旱事件对,即由气象和农业干旱事件共同引发的水文干旱事件,该场干旱事件对中各类型干旱事件迁移路径均为长江上游至中下游迁移,最终分别在湖北,重庆和湖北结束。

棉花抗旱性综合评价及其相关性分析

为综合评价棉花种质资源的抗旱性,筛选优异抗旱品种(品系),并建立成株期产量抗旱预测模型。对50份棉花种质资源在苗期进行干旱处理,调查其表型性状并测定其生理指标,根据各性状/指标差异的显著性筛选抗旱指标,并计算抗旱系数和抗旱指数,利用主成分分析法和隶属函数法计算综合抗旱系数、综合抗旱指数、综合抗旱隶属函数值、加权抗旱性系数和抗旱性综合度量值,对棉花抗旱性进行综合评价和分级。进一步将苗期评价分级结果与成株期干旱胁迫下产量和纤维品质性状进行比较,以分析苗期抗旱鉴定模型对成株期预测的精度。苗期生理性状在提高抗旱鉴定模型精度上具有重要作用,基于苗期生理指标建立的抗旱鉴定模型能够很好地预测成株期的抗旱性。

Screening of Drought Stress Indicators and Analysis of Drought Resistance in Cultivated Rice Germplasm Resources in Guangxi

This study aimed to screen drought stress indicators and analyze the drought resistance in 105 cultivated rice germplasm resources in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region under drought stress in the whole growth period based on D value of seven morphological traits including panicle neck thickness,effective panicle number per plant,1 000-grain weight,filled grain number per panicle,total grain number,seed setting rate and yield per plant.According to the results,under drought stress,yield per plant exhibited significant positive correlation with panicle neck thickness and exhibited extremely significant positive correlation with other five morphological traits.Based on the identification and evaluation of comprehensive drought-resistance index D value,seven highly drought-resistant cultivated rice varieties were screened,accounting for 6.67％.Upland rice germplasm resources in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region possess strong drought-resistance capacity,which could be used to screen highly drought-resistant rice germplasm materials.This study provided material basis and theoretical reference for breeding drought resistant rice cultivars in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

马铃薯通用应激蛋白StUSP基因家族的鉴定及逆境表达模式分析

在全基因组和转录组水平系统鉴定马铃薯USP通用应激蛋白基因家族,并对该家族成员的基本特征及其在不同逆境胁迫下的表达模式进行分析。同时以马铃薯干旱耐受型品种‘陇薯10号’(L)和干旱敏感型品种‘大西洋’(D)为试验材料,利用高通量测序全面分析StUSP家族成员在干旱胁迫下的表达特性,筛选干旱胁迫关键差异表达基因。结果表明:马铃薯基因组中共有42个基因编码含有USP结构域的蛋白质,在11条染色体上不对称分布,且主要分布在1~6号染色体上。绝大多数StUSPs含有多个内含子。胁迫表达分析显示StUSPs能够响应多种非生物胁迫,且在干旱耐受性不同的马铃薯品种中差异表达。同时,利用qRT-PCR分析了12个成员干旱胁迫下表达模式,除StUSP12、StUSP22下调表达外,其余10个基因均正响应干旱胁迫。

高粱抗旱性研究进展

干旱是限制植物生产力和威胁粮食安全的重要因素之一。高粱(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)是全球主粮和饲料作物,因其具有较强的抗旱性和能够在恶劣的环境条件下生存而广泛种植于干旱半干旱地区,在作物抗旱领域中具有重要的研究价值。深入解析干旱胁迫下高粱的形态和生理特性、鉴定和筛选抗旱品种、挖掘相关抗旱基因,对推动高粱抗旱育种进程、提高品种抗旱性、提高产量具有重要意义。本文从干旱胁迫对高粱生长的影响、高粱对干旱胁迫的生理响应、高粱耐旱性鉴定方法和鉴定指标、高粱抗旱性分子生物学和提高高粱抗旱性方法5个方面对高粱抗旱性研究进展进行综述,并对高粱抗旱性研究方向进行展望,以期为进一步研究高粱抗旱的形态、生理特性及分子机制奠定基础。

野生稻单片段代换系苗期耐旱性评价及QTL鉴定

【目的】干旱是影响水稻生产力的主要非生物因素之一,筛选抗旱水稻可有效保障水稻产量。【方法】选取以南方野生稻和展颖野生稻为供体、‘华粳籼74’(HJX74)为受体构建的93份单片段代换系(Single-segment substitution lines,SSSLs)为供试材料,以HJX74为对照,采用20%PEG-6000模拟干旱条件进行苗期耐旱性试验,以4个生长发育性状指标(相对苗高、相对苗干质量、相对根干质量、相对根长)作为评价指标,采用隶属函数法对SSSLs进行排序、筛选相关性状,并筛选与HJX74差异显著的SSSLs,进行QTL鉴定与加性效应分析,初步鉴定与苗期耐旱性状相关的QTL。【结果】4个生长发育性状指标与平均隶属函数值的相关性分析结果均为极显著正相关,可作为SSSLs苗期耐旱性鉴定和评价指标。隶属函数法分析结果显示,93份SSSLs平均隶属函数值范围为0.20~0.71,HJX74平均隶属函数值为0.54;有29个SSSLs的平均隶属函数值> HJX74的平均隶属函数值,其中,M124的隶属函数值最大,表明M124具有较强的耐旱性。通过单因素方差分析,从8个SSSLs(M78-1、M78-2、M124、M107、M151、M103、M130、M115)鉴定出7个相对苗高QTLs(qRSH1-1、qRSH1-2、qRSH2-1、qRSH3-1、qRSH3-2、qRSH5-1、qRSH6-1),分别分布在1、2、3、5、6号染色体,其加性效应为0.05~0.06,表型贡献率为6.97%~9.01%;从3个SSSLs(M79、M145、M148)中鉴定出3个相对根干质量QTLs(qRRDW10-1、qRRDW11-1、qRRDW11-2),分别分布在10、11号染色体,其加性效应为0.12~0.20,表型贡献率为12.51%~19.95%;从2个耐旱SSSLs(M80、X149)中鉴定出1个相对苗干质量QTL(qRSDW5-1),分布在5号染色体,加性效应为0.07,表型贡献率为10.5%。【结论】筛选出13份SSSLs携带苗期耐旱QTLs,为后续苗期耐旱QTLs精细定位与克隆研究奠定基础。

引进ICARDA的小麦苗期抗旱性鉴定及SNP关联分析

以引进国际干旱地区农业研究中心(ICARDA)的160份小麦为研究对象,在苗期用20%PEG-6000模拟干旱条件进行处理,以正常营养液作为对照,分析干旱环境对7个苗期相关性状(苗高、最长根长、根数、茎叶鲜质量、茎叶干质量、根鲜质量和根干质量)的影响,利用综合评价值进行抗旱评价及抗旱分级,并结合55K SNP芯片对159份小麦的苗期抗旱相关性状的抗旱系数进行关联分析。抗旱鉴定结果表明:干旱处理下的各个苗期相关性状均低于正常处理水平,按照综合评价值及系统聚类,将160份小麦分为高抗旱(5份)、中等抗旱(53份)、低抗旱(97份)和干旱敏感(5份)四类;在苗期筛选出5份高抗旱品种,包括ICARDA69、ICARDA51、ICARDA49、ICARDA83、ICARDA84,其D值分别为0.823、0.813、0.765、0.722、0.711。关联分析结果显示:利用24151个SNP标记位点结合苗期相关性状的抗旱系数在P≤0.001水平下共定位到227个抗旱相关标记,分布在除1B、2D、4D和6D外的17条染色体上,可解释7.13%~14.68%的表型变异。检测到3个多效应位点,分别位于4B、5B和6A染色体上,可解释9.31%~13.28%的表型变异。其中,位于4B染色体上的AX-108789337与茎叶干质量和根干质量显著关联,可解释10.44%~13.28%的表型变异;位于5B染色体上的AX-109353092与苗高和根鲜质量显著关联,可解释9.31%~10.93%的表型变异;位于6A染色体上的AX-110432128与苗高和根鲜质量显著关联,可解释9.95%~9.99%的表型变异。

水稻抗旱性研究进展

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是全世界1/3以上人口的主粮,是人类赖以生存的重要物质基础和保障。然而,多数水稻主产区面临的淡水资源匮乏问题严重制约水稻生长,导致水稻产量骤减,威胁粮食安全。深入探究水稻抗旱机理、选育推广节水抗旱稻,不仅有利于合理利用淡水资源,还对保障粮食安全具有重要意义。育种家利用形态、生理生化和产量指标,筛选和培育出强抗旱性的节水抗旱稻品种,并推广应用。研究人员利用关联作图、GWAS、表达谱及多组学联合分析等方法,挖掘出很多与水稻抗旱性相关转录因子、转运蛋白、泛素化酶、蛋白酶及蛋白激酶等,证明水稻抗旱性是受多基因控制的数量性状,并解析了激素含量调节、活性氧清除、渗透调节、角质蜡沉积和根结构改善等一系列水稻抗旱机制。然而,培育的节水抗旱稻数量仍不能满足我国的需求,抗旱基因仍有待于进一步挖掘解析。该文通过搜集、查阅国内外近20年水稻抗旱性相关文献,归纳总结3类水稻抗旱性常规鉴定指标,综合分析水稻抗旱性重要机制和抗旱性关键基因/QTL的最新进展。