Experimental investigation on de-icing by an array of impact rod-type plasma synthetic jets

Since flight accidents due to aircraft icing occur from time to time,this paper proposes an array of impact rod-type plasma synthetic jet de-icing methods for aircraft icing problems.The impact rod-type plasma synthetic jet actuator(PSJA)is based on the traditional PSJA with an additional impact rod structure for better de-icing in the flight environment.In this work,we first optimize the ice-breaking performance of a single-impact rod-type PSJA,and then conduct an array of impact rod-type plasma synthetic jet ice-breaking experiments to investigate the relationship between crack expansion and discharge energy,ice thickness and group spacing.The results show that the impact force and impulse of a single-impact rod-type PSJA are proportional to the discharge energy,and there exists a threshold energy Qmin for a single actuator to break the ice,which is proportional to the ice thickness.Only when the discharge energy reaches above Qmin can the ice layer produce cracks,and at the same time,the maximum radial crack length produced during the ice-breaking process is proportional to the discharge energy.When the ice is broken by an array of impact rod PSJAs,the discharge energy and group spacing together determine whether the crack can be extended to the middle region of the actuator.When the group spacing is certain,increasing the energy can increase the intersection of cracks in the middle region,and the ice-fragmentation degree is increased and the ice-breaking effect is better.At the same time,the energy estimation method of ice breaking by an array of impact rod-type PSJAs is proposed according to the law when a single actuator is breaking ice.

基于ArcGIS Engine和IDL的冬小麦生长动态监测系统

目的:为快速便捷地掌握大范围冬小麦播种、长势及产量信息,及时为农业管理部门的分析决策提供基础数据。方法:基于C#语言集成ArcGIS Engine组件和IDL函数库,设计冬小麦识别、长势监测及产量估算等功能模块,研发冬小麦生长动态监测系统。结果:该系统可较为快速地建立冬小麦空间数据库,便捷地提取冬小麦播种、生长和收获等各个生育期冬小麦农情信息,同时具有功能强大的时空分析和预测决策辅助功能。结论:实现了包括冬小麦在内的农作物的动态生长监测,可以为管理者提供数据及强有力的决策支持。

Sidle:空闲工作站的调度与远程执行系统

本文介绍我们研制的一个空闲工作站调度与远程执行系统Sidle,该系统当前运行在由以太网连接的19台SUN4工作站上,能对用户的多个作业或一个程序的若干部分进行并行处理,它除了具有目前国外现有系统的优点外,还具有以下特点:支持多个外来任务和嵌套的远程执行,使CPU利用率更高,调度对用户有更好的透明性,此外,在性能方面也超过现有的系统。

Sidle的远程执行设备

Ｓｉｄｌｅ系统是运行在ＳＵＮ工作站网络上的一组实用程序，利用空闲的处理机资源进行大粒度的并行计算．同其它远程执行设备相比，它能支持程序内部并行和嵌套的远程执行，允许一个服务员机接受多个远程执行任务．本文介绍了这些特点和透明性的实现方法．

STEADY-STATE AND IDLE OPTIMIZA-TION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

A novel steady-state optimization （SSO） of internal combustion engine （ICE） strategy is proposed to maximize the efficiency of the overall powertrain for hybrid electric vehicles, in which the ICE efficiency, the efficiencies of the electric motor （EM） and the energy storage device are all explicitly taken into account. In addition, a novel idle optimization of ICE strategy is implemented to obtain the optimal idle operating point of the ICE and corresponding optimal parking generation power of the EM using the view of the novel SSO of ICE strategy. Simulations results show that potential fuel economy improvement is achieved relative to the conventional one which only optimized the ICE efficiency by the novel SSO of ICE strategy, and fuel consumption per voltage increment decreases a lot during the parking charge by the novel idle optimization of ICE strategy.

基于ZSP500的IDLE模块子系统级验证实现

SoC 系统的 RTL 级验证分为模块级、子系统级、系统级三个阶段。本文描述了高速数字信号处理器 ZSP500的基本结构和子系统级验证的具体概念,详细介绍了3G 手机芯片中的 IDLE 模块的结构,包括工作模式和空闲模式。介绍通过 ZSP500编程工具构造 SoC 子系统级验证的测试例,利用生成的目标文件对模块进行子系统级验证。最后得出基于 ZSP500的子系统级验证效率高并且实现简单的结论。

ADAPTIVE VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROLLERS AND APPLICATION TO ENGINE IDLE SPEED CONTROL SIMULATION

A neural-network-based adaptive variable structure control methodology isproposed for the tracking problem of nonlinear discrete-time input-output systems. The unknowndynamics of the system are approximated via radial basis function neural networks. The control lawis based on sliding modes and simple to implement. The discrete-time adaptive law for tuning theweight of neural networks is presented using the adaptive filtering algorithm with residueupper-bound compensation. The application of the proposed controller to engine idle speed controldesign is discussed. The results indicate the validation and effectiveness of this approach.

State of the art and practice of pavement anti-icing and de-icing techniques

Pavement snow and icing are worldwide problems, but effective countermeasures are just beginning to be developed in China. The two most common snow and ice removal methods are mechanical clearance and chemical melting, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed here, including environmental and structural damage caused by corrosive snow melting agents. New developments in chemical melting agents and mechanical equipment are discussed, and an overview of alternative thermal melting systems is presented, including the use of geothermy and non-geothermal heating systems utilizing solar energy, electricity, conductive pavement materials, and infrared/microwave applications. Strategic recommendations are made for continued enhancement of public safety in snow and ice conditions.

Peridynamic modeling and simulation of thermo-mechanical de-icing process with modified ice failure criterion

De-icing technology has become an increasingly important subject in numerous applications in recent years.However,the direct numerical modeling and simulation the physical process of thermomechanical deicing is limited.This work is focusing on developing a numerical model and tool to direct simulate the de-icing process in the framework of the coupled thermo-mechanical peridynamics theory.Here,we adopted the fully coupled thermo-mechanical bond-based peridynamics(TM-BB-PD)method for modeling and simulation of de-icing.Within the framework of TM-BB-PD,the ice constitutive model is established by considering the influence of the temperature difference between two material points,and a modified failure criteria is proposed,which takes into account temperature effect to predict the damage of quasi-brittle ice material.Moreover,thermal boundary condition is used to simulate the thermal load in the de-icing process.By comparing with the experimental results and the previous reported finite element modeling,our numerical model shows good agreement with the previous predictions.Based on the numerical results,we find that the developed method can not only predict crack initiation and propagation in the ice,but also predict the temperature distribution and heat conduction during the de-icing process.Furthermore,the influence of the temperature for the ice crack growth pattern is discussed accordingly.In conclusion,the coupled thermal-mechanical peridynamics formulation with modified failure criterion is capable of providing a modeling tool for engineering applications of de-icing technology.

An Effective Cloud Workflow Scheduling Approach Combining PSO and Idle Time Slot-Aware Rules

Workflow scheduling is a key issue and remains a challenging problem in cloud computing.Faced with the large number of virtual machine(VM)types offered by cloud providers,cloud users need to choose the most appropriate VM type for each task.Multiple task scheduling sequences exist in a workflow application.Different task scheduling sequences have a significant impact on the scheduling performance.It is not easy to determine the most appropriate set of VM types for tasks and the best task scheduling sequence.Besides,the idle time slots on VM instances should be used fully to increase resources'utilization and save the execution cost of a workflow.This paper considers these three aspects simultaneously and proposes a cloud workflow scheduling approach which combines particle swarm optimization(PSO)and idle time slot-aware rules,to minimize the execution cost of a workflow application under a deadline constraint.A new particle encoding is devised to represent the VM type required by each task and the scheduling sequence of tasks.An idle time slot-aware decoding procedure is proposed to decode a particle into a scheduling solution.To handle tasks'invalid priorities caused by the randomness of PSO,a repair method is used to repair those priorities to produce valid task scheduling sequences.The proposed approach is compared with state-of-the-art cloud workflow scheduling algorithms.Experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the comparative algorithms in terms of both of the execution cost and the success rate in meeting the deadline.

LTE用户终端在IDLE态下的低功耗技术研究

功耗是评估用户终端性能的重要指标之一,且IDLE(空闲态)态的功耗控制直接决定了用户终端待机时间的长短。文中根据LTE协议,针对IDLE态提出多种低功耗技术方案,包括低频时钟计时技术、多模时间快锁技术和IDLE态的任务调度技术。通过这些技术方案分别实现了对睡眠状态的功耗优化、睡眠唤醒时间的优化以及IDLE态任务调度的时间优化,从而大大节省了功耗,在无线通信领域有广泛的应用价值。

Dose-effect correlation of chloride de-icing salt on Euonymus japonicus

In order to prevent severe pollution by de-icing salt on greenery along urban roads, a half lethal dose （LD_50）for a plant population was confirmed through stress simulation of chloride de-icing salt on Euonymus japonicus, with an ianalysis of physiological changes, statistics on mortality rate on plant populations and mathematic modeling during a 30- day subacute toxicity test. The results indicate that a significant positive correlation in the early stages and a significant negative correlation in the later stages were observed between the amount of chlorophyll a and b in plants and a cumulative dose of de-icing salt. The amounts of free proline in plants and the dose of de-icing salt were positively correlated Over the entire period. No significant correlation in the initial stage, but a significant negative correlation in later stages was observed between the soluble protein and the dose of de-icing salt. LDs0 of this chloride agent on E. japonicus is 5 kg.（L·m2）-1 over 30 days.

线粒体lncRNA IDL影响非小细胞肺癌氧化磷酸化

为了探究线粒体长链非编码RNA(mitochondrial long non-coding RNA,mtlncRNA)IDL在人非小细胞肺癌细胞(human non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)代谢和生长中的作用及机制,本研究首先在A549细胞中通过线粒体压力测试发现敲低IDL会导致细胞的氧化磷酸化功能受损,接着通过细胞增殖实验、划痕实验和克隆形成实验,证明了敲低IDL时人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549和H1299的生长速度变慢、迁移能力和克隆形成能力减弱.随后通过RNA沉降实验(RNA pull-down)和RNA免疫沉淀实验(RIP)找到了在体内外均可以与IDL特异性结合的蛋白——ATP合成酶α亚基,即ATP5A1蛋白,并通过免疫共沉淀实验(Co-IP)证明了IDL下调会导致ATP5A1蛋白的O-GlcNAc修饰水平增加,在A549细胞中敲低ATP5A1也得到了与敲低IDL时一致的细胞表型.以上结果说明敲低IDL会导致非小细胞肺癌细胞氧化磷酸化功能受损、细胞生长受抑制.

DCH->IDLE时长对PS业务的影响

本文主要是中国联合网络通信有限公司濮阳市分公司网络优化中心从提高PING业务成功率入手,分析了DCH->IDLE时长设置对现网PS业务掉话率、接通率等指标的影响,通过理论分析、优化调整、实地测试,最终实现了PING业务成功率和掉话率、资源利用率的均衡优化。

Idle School Buildings in Rural Areas: Will they Be Useful?

Taking the case of Enshi City,we survey the supply of public services in rural areas from education,health,culture and social security; reveal the relationship between the use of idle school buildings in rural areas and the improvement of public services in rural areas. On the basis of expounding the status quo of idle school buildings and public services in rural areas of Enshi City,the following recommendations are put forward: using the idle school buildings to develop rural public education; using the idle school buildings to develop rural public health and medical services; using the idle school buildings to develop public cultural undertakings in rural areas; using the idle school buildings to develop social security undertakings in rural areas.

Effects of Sowing Time on Biological Yield of Forage Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] in Autumn Idle Land

[Objective] This study was performed to explore the correlation between sowing time and biological yield of forage sorghum in autumn. [Method] In field trials,forage sorghum was sown on six different dates( July 23,July 29,August 6,August 14,August 22 and August 30). Then,seedling emergence stage,jointing stage,booting stage,heading stage,filling stage,fresh weight and dry weight in each plot were observed or measured. Finally,linear regression analysis on these data was carried out to deduce the correlation between sowing date and biological yield of forage sorghum. [Result]Sowing time showed a significant influence on biological yield of forage sorghum in idle land,and the biological yield of forage sorghum linearly decreased with the postponement of sowing time. The relationship between sowing time and biological yield of forage sorghum can be represented by the regression equations y_(fresh)= 196. 646-4. 625 x and y_(dry)= 58. 253-1. 423 x,wherein,x is sowing date,y_(fresh)and y_(dry)are the fresh weight and dry weight of forage sorghum. On average,the fresh weight of forage sorghum was reduced by 4. 625 kg/20 m^2,and dry weight by 1. 423 kg/20 m^2,when the sowing date was delayed by one day from July 23 to August 30. [Conclusion]The regression models built in this study will provide a theoretical basis for improving the yield of forage sorghum in autumn idle land.

Development and Utilization of Rural Idle Homesteads in the Context of Rural Revitalization——A Case Study of Leisure Agriculture

The existence of a large number of idle homesteads in rural areas not only causes waste of land resources,but also injures farmers' property rights and hinders the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. The emergence and vigorous development of rural leisure agriculture provides a new way of utilization and method for the development and utilization of rural homesteads. From the perspective of leisure agriculture,this paper analyzed the characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of the overall development model of rural idle homestead,farmstay model and characteristic industry development model,and discussed the actual case to enrich the research on the development and utilization of idle homestead. It pointed out that there are problems such as insufficient tourism resources and single management content,lack of legal basis for revitalizing the homestead,lagging reform of rural land property rights system,and difficulty in expanding the space for leisure tourism development in the process of developing rural idle homestead. It is recommended to provide reference for the effective improvement of the efficiency of idle homestead utilization,increase farmers' income,and promote the rural revitalization strategy.

An Algorithm for Idle-State Detection and Continuous Classifier Design in Motor-Imagery-Based BCI

Abstract-The development of asynchronous brain-computer interface （BCI） based on motor imagery （M1） poses the research in algorithms for detecting the nontask states （i.e., idle state） and the design of continuous classifiers that classify continuously incoming electroencephalogram （EEG） samples. An algorithm is proposed in this paper which integrates two two-class classifiers to detect idle state and utilizes a sliding window to achieve continuous outputs. The common spatial pattern （CSP） algorithm is used to extract features of EEG signals and the linear support vector machine （SVM） is utilized to serve as classifier. The algorithm is applied on dataset IVb of BCI competition Ⅲ, with a resulting mean square error of 0.66. The result indicates that the proposed algorithm is feasible in the first step of the development of asynchronous systems.

AN IMPROVED EPON UPSTREAM TRANSMISSION SCHEME WITH ZERO INTER-PERIOD IDLE LOSS

Existing Ethernet Passive Optical Network(EPON) Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation(DBA) algorithms suffer from the disadvantage of idle time loss,which lower the upstream bandwidth utili-zation.This letter proposes an improved upstream transmission scheme with idle-time eliminating mechanism.Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation prove that the improved scheme can ef-fectively eliminate the idle time and enhance the efficiency of upstream link utilization.Simulation results have shown that the bandwidth utilization can be raised up to 15% in heavy-load scenarios while the time delay performance of Assured Forwarding(AF) and Best Effort(BE) services are improved simultaneously.

Technique for Using Spent Mushroom Substrate of Flammulina velutipes to Cultivate Volvariella volvacea in Idle Period of Greenhouse Summer Squash

Greenhouse summer squash is a major type of greenhouse vegetable in Shandong Province.In summer,there is a three-month idle period of greenhouse summer squash.Volvariella volvacea is a high temperature resistant high-quality edible fungus.In practice,it is able to use the spent mushroom substrate of Flammulina velutipes to cultivate V.volvacea.In the idle period of greenhouse summer squash,cultivating V.volvacea using the spent mushroom substrate of F.velutipes has high economic and environmental benefits.The cultivation techniques mainly include the preparation of cultivation materials,preliminary preparation for the greenhouse,planting management of V.volvacea,and returning the spent mushroom substrate to the field.By comparison with the conventional summer squash planting,this technique has higher economic benefits and its application prospects will be broad.