Interplay between micro RNA-17-5p, insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ through binding protein-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the effect of microR NA on insulinlike growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) and hence on insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) bioavailability in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: Bioinformatic analysis was performed using microrna.org, DIANA lab and Segal lab softwares. Total RNA was extracted from 23 HCC and 10 healthy liver tissues using mir Vana mi RNA Isolation Kit. microR NA-17-5p(miR-17-5p) expression was mimicked and antagonized in Hu H-7 cell lines using Hi Per Fect Transfection Reagent, then total RNA was extracted using Biozol reagent then reverse transcribed into cD NA followed by quantification of mi R-17-5p and IGFBP-3 expression using Taq Man real-time quantitative PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the binding of miR-17-5p to the 3'UTR of IGFBP-3. Free IGF-Ⅱ protein was measured in transfected Hu H-7 cells using IGF-Ⅱ ELISA kit. RESULTS: Bioinformatic analysis revealed IGFBP-3 as a potential target for miR-17-5p. Screening of miR-17-5p and IGFBP-3 revealed a moderate negative correlation in HCC patients, where mi R-17-5p was extensively underexpressed in HCC tissues(P = 0.0012), while IGFBP-3 showed significant upregulation in the same set of patients(P = 0.0041) compared to healthy donors. Forcing mi R-17-5p expression in Hu H-7 cell lines showed a significant downregulation of IGFBP-3 mR NA expression(P = 0.0267) and a significant increase in free IGF-Ⅱ protein(P = 0.0339) compared to mock untransfected cells using unpaired t-test. Luciferase assay validated IGFBP-3 as a direct target of mi R-17-5p; luciferase activity was inhibited by 27.5% in cells co-transfected with miR-17-5p mimics and the construct harboring the wild-type binding region 2 of IGFBP-3 compared to cells transfected with this construct alone(P = 0.0474).CONCLUSION: These data suggest that regulating IGF-Ⅱ bioavailability and hence HCC progression can be achieved through targeting IGFBP-3 via manipulating the expression of miR NAs.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein 1 knockdown attenuates hepatic ?brosis via the regulation of MMPs/TIMPs in mice

Background: Previous research suggested that insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein 1(IGFBPrP1), as a novel mediator, contributes to hepatic fibrogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases(MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases(TIMP) play an essential role in hepatic fibrogenesis by regulating homeostasis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix(ECM). However, the interaction between IGFBPrP1 and MMP/TIMP is not clear. The present study was to knockdown IGFBPrP1 to investigate the correlation between IGFBPrP1 and MMP/TIMP in hepatic fibrosis. Methods: Hepatic fibrosis was induced by thioacetamide(TAA) in mice. Knockdown of IGFBPrP1 expression by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-mediated CMB-shRNA-IGFBPrP1 delivery, or inhibition of the Hedgehog(Hh) pathway by cyclopamine treatment, was performed in TAA-induced liver fibrosis mice. Hepatic fibrosis was determined by hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining. Hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, α-smooth muscle actin( α-SMA), transforming growth factor β 1(TGF β1), collagen I, MMPs/TIMPs, Sonic Hedgehog(Shh), and glioblastoma family transcription factors(Gli1) were investigated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting analysis. Results: We found that hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, TGF β1, α-SMA, and collagen I were increased longitudinally in mice with TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis, concomitant with MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 imbalance and Hh pathway activation. Knockdown of IGFBPrP1 expression, or inhibition of the Hh pathway, reduced the hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, TGF β1, α-SMA, and collagen I and re-established MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 balance. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that IGFBPrP1 knockdown attenuates liver fibrosis by re-establishing MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 balance, concomitant with the inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation, down-regulation of TGF β1 expression, and degradation of the ECM. Furthermore, the Hh pathway mediates IGFBPrP1 knockdown-induced attenuation of hepatic fibrosis through the regulation of MMPs/TIMPs balance.

Insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF binding protein-3, and the risk of esophageal cancer in a nested case-control study

To assess the relationship between serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1)/IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and the risk of esophageal carcinoma.METHODSWe assessed the relationship between the serum levels of these molecules and the risk of esophageal cancer in a prospective, nested case-control study of participants from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. A baseline survey was conducted from 1988 to 1990. Of the 110585 enrolled participants, 35% donated blood samples. Those who had been diagnosed with esophageal cancer were considered cases for nested case-control studies. A conditional logistic model was used to estimate odds ratios for the incidence of esophageal cancer associated with serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels.RESULTSThirty-one cases and 86 controls were eligible for the present assessment. The molar ratio of IGF1/IGFBP3, which represents the free and active form of IGF1, was not correlated with the risk of esophageal carcinoma. A higher molar difference between IGFBP3 and IGF1, which estimates the free form of IGFBP3, was associated with a decreased risk of esophageal carcinoma (P = 0.0146), and people in the highest tertile had the lowest risk (OR = 0.107, 95%CI: 0.017-0.669). After adjustment for body mass index, tobacco use, and alcohol intake, the molar difference of IGFBP3-IGF1 was inversely correlated with the risk of esophageal carcinoma (P = 0.0150).CONCLUSIONThe free form of IGFBP3, which is estimated by this molar difference, may be inversely associated with esophageal cancer incidence.

Interaction between insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in primary hepatic stellate cells

BACKGROUND: We previously showed that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBPrP1) is a novel mediator in liver fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is known as the strongest effector of liver fibrosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the detailed interaction between IGFBPrP1 and TGF beta 1 in primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). METHODS: We overexpressed TGF beta 1 or IGFBPrP1 and inhibited TGF beta 1 expression in primary HSCs for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours to investigate their interaction and observe the accompanying expressions of a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen I, fibronectin, and phosphorylated-mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (p-Smad2/3). RESULTS: We found that the adenovirus vector encoding the TGF beta 1 gene (AdTGF beta 1) induced IGFBPrP1 expression while that of alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and TGF beta 1 increased gradually. Concomitantly, AdIGFBPrP1 upregulated TGF beta 1, alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and p-Smad2/3 in a time-dependent manner while IGFBPrP1 expression was decreased at 96 hours. Inhibition of TGF beta 1 expression reduced the IGFBPrP1-stimulated expression of alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and p-Smad2/3. CONCLUSIONS: These findings for the first time suggest the existence of a possible mutually regulation between IGFBPrP1 and TGF beta 1, which likely accelerates liver fibrosis progression. Furthermore, IGFBPrP1 likely participates in liver fibrosis in a TGF beta 1-depedent manner, and may act as an upstream regulatory factor of TGF beta 1 in the Smad pathway.

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SERUM INSULIN- LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN- 3 IN CHILDREN WITH OR WITHOUT GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in differential diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD). METHODS: To measure serum IGFBP-3 levels by RIA in normal children and adolescents, GHD children and short-stature children without GHD. RESULTS: Serum level of IGFBP-3 in 129 children with untreated GHD and with no pubertal development was 1.6 +/- 0.9 mg/L, which was less than that in normal group of the same age, but overlapped with the normal children in Tanner stage I. After six-month treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), serum level of IGFBP-3 in 59 GHD significantly increased from 1.3 +/- 0.7 mg/L to 2.7 +/- 0.9 mg/L, accompanied by an increase of body heights, growth velocities and serum level of IGF-1. Serum level of IGFBP-3 in 55 short-stature children without GHD was 3.3 +/- 2.2 mg/L, which was not significantly different from that in normal group. CONCLUSION: Serum IGFBP-3 level can reflect the status of GH secretion in children with GHD and is a useful marker for differential diagnosis of GHD.

Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 in gastric carcinoma and its relationship with cell proliferation

AIM: To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance and to explore its relationship with cell proliferation. METHODS: Expressions of IGFBP-2 and Ki-67 in 118 cases of gastric carcinoma and 40 cases of normal gastric mucosa were detected by EnVision immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: Expression of IGFBP-2 in gastric carcinoma was higher than that in normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.01). There was no difference between high- and low-grade gastric carcinoma (P > 0.05). Expression of IGFBP-2 in advanced gastric carcinoma was higher than that in early gastric carcinoma (P < 0.05). Expression of IGFBP-2 in gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). IGFBP-2 expression was a positively related to the clinical stage of gastric carcinoma (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between IGFBP-2 and Ki-67 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: IGFBP-2 may be involved in carcino- genesis and progression of gastric carcinoma by promoting cell proliferation.

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on hippocampal and parietal cortical neuronal cAMP-response element-binding protein expression in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

BACKGROUND： cAMP-response element binding protein （CREB） is a key modulator of various signaling pathways. CREB activation initiates a series of intracellular signaling pathways that promote neuronal survival. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the regulatory effects of basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） on cerebral neuronal CREB expression following ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An immunohistochemical detection experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, between October 2006 and April 2008. MATERIALS： A total of 60 healthy, adult, Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham-operated （n =12）, ischemia/reperfusion （n = 24）, and bFGF-treated （n = 24）. Rabbit anti-rat CREB （1： 100） and biotin labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG were purchased from the Wuhan Boster Company, China. MetaMorph-evolution MP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system was provided by China Medical University, China. METHODS： Rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were developed using the suture method for right middle cerebral artery occlusion. Two-hour ischemia was followed by reperfusion. Rats from the bFGF-treated and ischemia/reperfusion groups were intraperitoneally administered endogenous bFGF （500 IU/mL, 2 000 IU/kg） or an equal amount of physiological saline. Rats from the sham-operated group underwent a similar surgical procedure, without induction of ischemia/reperfusion injury and drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： After 48-hour reperfusion, hippocampal and parietal cortical neuronal CREB expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the absorbance of hippocampal CREB-positive products was determined using MetaMorph-evolutionMP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system. RESULTS： The sham-operated group exhibited noticeable CREB expression in hippocampal and parietal cortical neurons. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, the CREB expression was discrete and neurons were poorly arranged. The bFGF-treated group exhibited increased CREB expression and better neuronal arrangement compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group. The mean absorbance of CREB-immunoreactive products in the hippocampus and parietal cortex was significantly higher in the ischemia/reperfusion group than in the sham-operated group （P 〈 0.05）, and significantly higher in the bFGF-treated group than in the ischemia/reperfusion group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： bFGF significantly upregulates CREB expression in hippocampal and parietal cortical neurons following ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 promotes cell proliferation via activation of AKT and is directly targeted by microRNA-494 in pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1(IGF2BP1)plays critical roles in the genesis and development of human cancers.AIM To investigate the clinical significance and role of IGF2BP1 in pancreatic cancer.METHODS Expression levels of IGF2BP1 and microRNA-494(miR-494)were mined based on Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and validated in both clinical samples and cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.The relationship between IGF2BP1 expression and clinicopathological factors of pancreatic cancer patients was analyzed.The effect and mechanism of IGF2BP1 on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation were investigated in vitro and in vivo.Analyses were performed to explore underlying mechanisms of IGF2BP1 upregulation in pancreatic cancer and assays were carried out to verify the posttranscriptional regulation of IGF2BP1 by miR-494.RESULTS We found that IGF2BP1 was upregulated and associated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients.We showed that downregulation of IGF2BP1 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo via the AKT signaling pathway.Mechanistically,we showed that the frequent upregulation of IGF2BP1 was attributed to the downregulation of miR-494 expression in pancreatic cancer.Furthermore,we discovered that reexpression of miR-494 could partially abrogate the oncogenic role of IGF2BP1.CONCLUSION Our results revealed that upregulated IGF2BP1 promotes the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells via the AKT signaling pathway and confirmed that the activation of IGF2BP1 is partly due to the silencing of miR-494.

Circulating insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 as prognostic biomarker in liver cirrhosis

AIM: To investigate the prognostic significance of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3(IGFBP-3) in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS: Prospective study that included two cohorts: outpatients with stable cirrhosis(n = 138) and patients hospitalized for acute decompensation(n = 189). Development of complications, mortality or liver transplantation was assessed by periodical phone calls and during outpatient visits. The cohort of stable cirrhosis also underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation yearly(2013 and 2014) in predefined study visits. In patients with stable cirrhosis, IGFBP-3 levels were measured at baseline(2012) and at second re-evaluation(2014). In hospitalized subjects, IGFBP-3 levels were measured in serum samples collected in the first and in the third day after admission and stored at-80 ℃. IGFBP-3 levels were measured by immunochemiluminescence.RESULTS: IGFBP-3 levels were lower in hospitalized patients as compared to outpatients(0.94 mcg/mL vs 1.69 mcg/m L, P < 0.001) and increased after liver transplantation(3.81 mcg/m L vs 1.33 mcg/mL, P = 0.008). During the follow-up of the stable cohort, 17 patients died and 11 received liver transplantation. Bivariate analysis showed that death or transplant was associated with lower IGFBP-3 levels(1.44 mcg/mL vs 1.74 mcg/m L, P = 0.027). The Kaplan-Meier transplant-free survival probability was 88.6% in patients with IGFBP-3 ≥ 1.67 mcg/mL and 72.1% for those with IGFBP3 < 1.67 mcg/mL(P = 0.015). In the hospitalized cohort, 30-d mortality was 24.3% and was independently associated with creatinine, INR, SpO_2/FiO_2 ratio and IGFBP-3 levels in the logistic regression. The 90-d transplant-free survival probability was 80.4% in patients with IGFBP-3 ≥ 0.86 mcg/mL and 56.1% for those with IGFBP3 < 0.86 mcg/mL(P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Lower IGFBP-3 levels were associated with worse outcomes in patients with cirrhosis, and might represent a promising prognostic tool that can be incorporated in clinical practice.

Increased expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 is implicated in erectile dysfunction in two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats after propranolol treatment

This study aimed to investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 （IGFBP-3） in erectUe dysfunction （ED） in two-kidney one-clip （2K-1C） hypertensive rats treated with the β-blocking agent propranolol. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups： a normal control group, a hypertensive control group and a propranolol treatment group （n=9）. After 4 weeks of propranolol treatment, intracavemous pressure （ICP） responses to electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerves were evaluated. The expression of IGFBP-3 and insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） mRNA and protein in the rat cavernous tissue were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The concentration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） in the cavernous tissue was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Cavernosal pressure in response to cavernous nerve stimulation was decreased 4 weeks after propranolol treatment （P〈0.01, compared to the hypertensive control group）. IGFBP-3 mRNA and protein expression was increased in the propranolol treatment group compared to the hypertensive control group （P〈O.01）, whereas IGF-1 expression was decreased in the propranolol treatment group compared to the hypertensive control group （P〈0.01）. In addition, cavernous cGMP concentration was decreased in the prepranolol treatment group compared to the hypertensive control group （P〈0.01）. Taken together, these results suggest that the upregulation of IGFBP-3 may play a role in the development of ED in hypertensive rats.

Changes of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in cerebrospinal fluid of children with tuberculous meningitis

BACKGROUND： Recent studies have found that insulin-like growth factors （IGFs） and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 （IGFBP-3） have stronger neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. But whether their levels in cerebrospinal fluid could be used as an auxiliary indicator in differentially diagnosing tuberculous meningitis and viral encephalitis is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE： To explore the changes of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ （IGF-Ⅱ ） and IGFBP-3 in cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） of children with tuberculous meningitis and the significance of the changes. DESIGN： A non-randomized concurrent controlled study. SETTING： Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： Thirty children with tuberculous meningitis （14 males and 16 females） were selected from the Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from January 2005 to December 2006. Tuberculous meningitis was diagnosed according to their clinical manifestations, the history of close contact with tuberculosis, typical cerebrospinal fluid changes of tuberculous meningitis, positive tuberculosis antibody and effective antituberculosis treatment. There were 30 children （13 males and 17 females） with viral encephalitis, and viral encephalitis was diagnosed according to epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, conventional and biochemical changes of cerebrospinal fluid, and negative bacteriology judgment. Meanwhile, 30 children （13 males and 17 females） without infectious and central nervous system disease were selected as the control group. Informed consent was obtained from the parents of all the enrolled children. METHODS： ①The lumbar puncture operation was implemented immediately to obtain cerebrospinal fluid （3 mL）. The contents of IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 were detected with immunoradiometric assay. The concentrations of glucose and protein in cerebrospinal fluid were determined with a dry-chemical method. The number of white blood cells was counted by Fushi Method. ②The Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of the contents of IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 in cerebrospinal fluid with the leucocyte counting and the concentrations of glucose and protein in cerebrospinal fluid. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The contents of IGF- Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 in cerebrospinal fluid, and their correlation with the leucocyte counting and the concentrations of glucose and protein in cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS： ①Contents of IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 in cerebrospinal fluid： The contents of IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 in cerebrospinal fluid in the tuberculous meningitis group were significantly higher than those in the encephalitis virus group and control group （P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the contents of IGF- Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 in cerebrospinal fluid between the viral encephalitis group and control group （P 〉 0.05）. ②Correlation： The IGF- Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 contents in cerebrospinal fluid were positively correlated with the protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid （r =0.821, 0.855, P 〈 0.01）, but negatively with the glucose （r =0.742, - 0.605, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION- ①IGFs and IGVBPs are involved in the pathophysiological process of tuberculous meningitis, as well as the glucose and protein metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid. ②The IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 contents in cerebrospinal fluid can be used as the auxiliary indicators to differentially diagnose tuberculous meningitis and viral enceohalitis.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 inhibits IGF-1-induced proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

OBJECTIVE Basic fibroblast growth factor(b FGF)and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)produced by hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells are responsible for the cell growth.Accumulating evidence shows that insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3(IGFBP-3)suppresses HCC cell proliferation in both IGF-dependent and independent manners.The present study is to investigate whether treatment with exogenous IGFBP-3 inhibits bF GF and PDGF production and the cell proliferation of HCC cells.METHODS Cell Counting Kit 8 assay were designed to detect HCC cell proliferation,transcription factor early growth response-1(EGR1)involving in IGFBP-3 regulation of b FGF and PDGF were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assays.Western blot assay was adopted to detect the IGFBP-3 regulating insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R)signaling pathway.RESULTS The present study demonstrates that IGFBP-3 suppressed IGF-1-induced b FGF and PDGF expression while it does not affect their expression in the absence of IGF-1.To delineate the underlying mechanism,Western-blot and RT-PCR assays confirmed that the transcription factor early growth response protein 1(EGR1)is involved in IGFBP-3 regulation of b FGF and PDGF.IGFBP-3 inhibition of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor(IGF1R),ERK and AKT activation is IGF-1-dependent.Furthermore,transient transfection with constitutively activated AKT or MEK partially blocks the IGFBP-3 inhibition of EGR1,b FGF and PDGF expression.CONCLUSION In conclusion,these findings suggest that IGFBP-3suppresses transcription of EGR1 and its target genes b FGF and PDGF through inhibiting IGF-1-dependent ERK and AKT activation.It demonstrates the importance of IGFBP-3 in the regulation of HCC cell proliferation,suggesting that IGFBP-3 could be a target for the treatment of HCC.

Effects of transfected adenovirus-mediated transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 on hippocampal-derived neural stem cell proliferation and apoptosis under hypoxia

BACKGROUND： Neural stem cell （NSC） survival is closely associated with cell apoptosis in ischemic-hypoxic regions following transplantation. Numerous studies have revealed that X-box binding protein 1 （XBP1） is a transcription factor during endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and is essential for cell survival, differentiation, and anti-apoptotic effects. OBJECTIVE： To determine the effects of the XBP1 gene on NSC proliferation and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions following XBP1 gene transfection into rat embryonic hippocampal NSCs using recombinant adenovirus vector. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro experiments were performed at the Laboratory of Cell Biology of Jilin University and Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Jilin University China from September 2008 to November 2009. MATERIALS： Recombinant adenovirus package XBP1 gene and Ad-XBPl-enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid （Guangzhou Easywin BioMed Technology, China）, rabbit anti-XBP1 and its target gene estrogen receptor degradation-enhancing a-mannosidase-like protein （EDEM） glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）, anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 and proapoptotic molecule Bax polyclonal antibody （Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA）, and COCI2 （Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA） were used in the present study. METHODS： Hippocampi from embryonic, Sprague Dawley rats on gestational day 16 were harvested for NSC isolation and cloning, followed by immunofluorescence for Nestin and sub-culturing. The recombinant adenovirus Ad-XBPl-enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid was transfected into rat embryonic hippocampal NSCs, and then CoCl2 was applied to induce hypoxia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cell quantification and 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay were utilized to detect proliferation in XBPl-transfected NSCs for 7 consecutive days. Western blot assay was utilized to quantify XBP1 GRP78, EDEM, Bcl-2, and Bax expression. Flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis. RESULTS： NSC proliferation was significantly enhanced following XBP1 gene transfection （P 〈 0.05）. Under hypoxic conditions, GRP78, EDEM, and Bcl-2 levels increased, but Bax levels decreased. In addition, NSC apoptosis decreased following transfection （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The XBP1 gene was successfully transfected into rat embryonic hippocampal NSCs using a recombinant adenovirus vector. NSC proliferation following transfection, as well as anti-apoptotic effects under hypoxia, was significantly increased.

Modified insulin-like growth factor 1 containing collagen-binding domain for nerve regeneration

Insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF-I） is a potential nutrient for nerve repair. However, it is impractical as a therapy because of its limited half- life, rapid clearance, and limited target specificity. To achieve targeted and long-lasting treatment, we investigated the addition of a binding structure by fusing a collagen-binding domain to IGF- 1. After confirming its affinity for collagen, the biological activity of this construct was examined by measuring cell proliferation after transfection into PC12 and Schwann cells using a 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-di- phenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect neurofilament and microtubule-associated protein 2 expression, while real time-polymerase chain reaction was utilized to determine IGF-1 receptor and nerve growth/actor mRNA expression. Our results demonstrate a significant increase in collagen-binding activity of the recombinant protein compared with IGF-1. Moreover, the recombinant protein promoted proliferation of PC12 and Schwann cells, and increased the expression of neurofilament and microtubule-associated protein 2. Importantly, the recombinant protein also stimulated sustained expression of IGF-1 receptor and nerve growth factor mRNA for days. These results show that the recombinant protein achieved the goal of targeting and long-lasting treatment, and thus could become a clinically used factor for promoting nerve regeneration with a prolonged therapeutic effect.

基于心功能及IGFBP7、sST2、CGRP、ET分析沙库巴曲缬沙坦在治疗冠心病合并慢性心力衰竭中的应用效果

目的 分析冠心病(CHD)合并慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者应用沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗的效果。方法 选择2020年1月至2023年1月邯郸市第四医院收治的86例CHD合并CHF患者,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组和试验组各43例。两组CHD治疗均应用硝酸酯类、他汀类及抗血小板药物,对照组CHF治疗应用坎地沙坦酯片、醛固酮受体拮抗剂及β受体阻滞剂,试验组治疗则将对照组中的坎地沙坦酯片替换为沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片。比较两组疗效、不良反应、心功能指标[左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、6min步行距离(6 MWD)]、心室重构指标[Ⅲ型胶原前肽(PⅢP)、层粘蛋白(LN)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)]、心肌损伤和血管内皮功能相关指标[胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7(IGFBP7)、可溶性生长刺激表达基因2(sST2)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、内皮素(ET)]。结果与对照组比,试验组治疗3个月后的总有效率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗3个月后的LVFS、LVEF、6 MWD、IGFBP7、CGRP与治疗前比升高,且试验组与对照组比更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PⅢP、LN、MMP-9、sST2、ET降低,试验组与对照组比更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 沙库巴曲缬沙坦可有效调节CHD合并CHF患者IGFBP7、sST2、CGRP、ET,改善血管内皮功能、心肌损伤、心室重构及心功能,进而可提高疗效,且具有良好的安全性。

A型肉毒毒素防治额部外伤瘢痕的美学效果及对血清TGF-β_(1)、BMP-7水平的影响

目的:探讨A型肉毒毒素防治额部外伤瘢痕的美学效果及对血清TGF-β_(1)、BMP-7水平的影响。方法:选取2020年7月-2022年10月笔者医院收治的84例额部外伤患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各42例。对照组采用清创美容缝合联合外用硅凝胶制剂防治瘢痕;观察组采用美容缝合拆线后伤口两侧注射A型肉毒毒素防治瘢痕。拆线后3个月,统计比较两组瘢痕临床防治有效率、瘢痕评分[温哥华瘢痕量表(Vancouver scar scale,VSS)]、瘢痕疼痛或瘙痒程度评分[视觉模拟评分法(Visual analogue scale,VAS)]、患者满意度、血清转化生长因子β_(1)(Transforming growth factor-β_(1),TGF-β_(1))和骨成型蛋白7(Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 7,BMP-7)水平及不良反应。结果:观察组VSS评分、瘢痕疼痛或瘙痒程度VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组瘢痕临床防治有效率为90.47%,高于对照组的69.04%(P<0.05);观察组患者满意度高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组TGF-β_(1)水平低于对照组,BMP-7水平高于对照组(P<0.05);两组均未发生严重不良反应。结论:额部软组织外伤患者美容缝合拆线后伤口两侧注射A型肉毒毒素可抑制瘢痕形成,有效提升瘢痕防治有效率及患者满意度,其临床效果可能与调控血清TGF-β_(1)和BMP-7水平有关,且安全性较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。

Mendelian randomization provides evidence for a causal effect of serum insulin-like growth factor family concentration on risk of atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)is one of the most common persistent arrhythmias among adult cardiovascular diseases.It is important to identify potential risk factors for AF.Members of the insulin-like growth factor(IGF)family exert a variety of effects on various cell types in the context of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases,and previous population-based studies indicate associations between IGF family members and AF.However,the causal effects of IGF family members in AF have not been evaluated.assess genetic relationships between IGF family members and AF.METHODS MR was performed based on genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets,and concentration levels of 14 IGF family members were retrieved.An initial MR analysis was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms potentially associated with IGF serum concentrations.A GWAS meta-analysis including 60620 AF cases and 970216 control participants of European ancestry was then conducted to identify AF causal effects.Two-sample MR packages were used to perform MR analysis in R.MR-Egger,weighted median(WM),and inverse va-riance weighted(IVW)methods were used.RESULTS Core Tip:Due to the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation(AF),and adverse outcomes related to it,it is important to identify risk factors associated with development of the condition.Insulin-like growth factor(IGF)family members exert a variety of effects on various cell types in the context of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases,and previous population-based studies indicate associations between IGF family members and AF.However,the causal effects of IGF family members in AF have not been evaluated.The results of the current study provide novel insights on the pathogenesis of AF,and implic-ations of serum IGF family member concentrations when assessing the risk of AF.The study generated evidence on the potential roles of developmental pathological effects in the pathogenesis of AF.Further observational and experimental studies are critically needed.

血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7与SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌患者临床病理参数和预后的关系

目的分析血清胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白(IGFBP)-1、IGFBP-7与SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌(AEG)患者临床病理参数和预后的关系。方法选取2019年1月至2020年11月山东省聊城市第二人民医院收治的264例SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者作为AEG组,另选取同期在山东省聊城市第二人民医院体检中心体检的112例健康志愿者作为对照组。检测所有研究对象的血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平并统计AEG患者的临床病理参数。随访患者3年生存情况,根据生存情况将患者分为死亡组和存活组。以IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7的均值界限将患者分为高水平IGFBP-1组、低水平IGFBP-1组、高水平IGFBP-7组、低水平IGFBP-7组。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平与SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者预后的关系。采用多因素Logistic回归分析SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡的危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7对SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡的预测价值。结果AEG组血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肿瘤最大径≥4 cm、低中分化患者血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平分别低于肿瘤最大径<4 cm、高分化患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访期间死亡75例,存活189例。高水平IGFBP-1组、低水平IGFBP-1组、高水平IGFBP-7组、低水平IGFBP-7组患者分别有129、135、136、128例。低水平IGFBP-1组3年生存率为59.26%,低于高水平IGFBP-1组的81.40%(P=0.017)。低水平IGFBP-7组3年生存率为57.81%,低于高水平IGFBP-7组的81.26%(P=0.011)。死亡组低中分化、淋巴管侵犯、壁外血管侵犯患者比例高于存活组,血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平低于存活组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,低中分化程度、淋巴管侵犯、IGFBP-1水平降低、IGFBP-7水平降低是SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7单独及2项指标联合预测SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡的曲线下面积分别为0.741、0.722、0.786。结论SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平显著降低,与肿瘤最大径、分化程度有关。低水平IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7与SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡有关。血清IGFBP-1联合IGFBP-7对SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡的预测价值较高。

胃癌患者病灶组织CK7、HER2、MLH1、MSH2及MSH6的表达变化研究

目的:探究胃癌患者病灶组织角蛋白7(CK7)、人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER2)、错配修复蛋白MutL同源物1(MLH1)、错配修复蛋白MutS同源物2(MSH2)及错配修复蛋白MutS同源物6(MSH6)的表达变化情况。方法:选取2020年2月—2023年1月苏州市相城人民医院收治的120例胃癌患者为研究对象,比较病灶组织及癌旁组织的CK7、HER2、MLH1、MSH2及MSH6的表达情况,并比较不同性别、年龄、TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移情况及病灶位置者的病灶组织CK7、HER2、MLH1、MSH2及MSH6表达情况。结果:胃癌患者病灶组织CK7、HER2阳性率及MLH1、MSH2、MSH6表达缺失率显著高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别、年龄及病灶位置病灶组织的CK7、HER2、MLH1、MSH2及MSH6表达比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期病灶组织CK7、HER2阳性率高于Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期,MLH1、MSH2、MSH6表达缺失率均显著低于Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分化程度较低者病灶组织的CK7、HER2阳性率显著高于分化程度较高者,MLH1、MSH2及MSH6表达缺失率显著低于于分化程度较高者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有淋巴结转移者CK7、HER2阳性率显著高于无淋巴结转移者,MLH1、MSH2及MSH6表达缺失率显著低于无淋巴结转移者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胃癌患者病灶组织的CK7、HER2、MLH1、MSH2及MSH6的表达相对异常,且不同TNM分期、分化程度及淋巴结转移情况者的差异较大。

尿TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积对重症急性胰腺炎相关性急性肾损伤的早期预测价值

目的探究尿基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-2(TIMP-2)与胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7(IGFBP7)的乘积对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)相关性急性肾损伤(AKI)的早期预测价值。方法选取2018年3月至2021年3月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的93例SAP患者为研究对象,根据患者是否发生AKI分为AKI组(26例)和非AKI组(67例)。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者尿液中TIMP-2和IGFBP7水平;采用多因素logistic回归分析影响SAP患者发生AKI的危险因素;通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析SAP患者急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数(Bisap)评分、尿液中TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积对发生AKI的预测价值。结果与非AKI组相比,AKI组患者Bisap评分、D-二聚体、降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积均上升,血钙水平降低(P<0.05)。AKI患者尿液TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积随AKI分级增加而上升(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,AKI患者尿液TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积与Bisap评分、D-二聚体、PCT、hs-CRP均呈正相关(P<0.05),与血钙呈负相关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,Bisap评分、TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积是影响SAP相关性AKI发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,尿液TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积预测SAP患者发生AKI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.923,高于Bisap评分预测的AUC(P<0.05)。结论SAP相关性AKI患者尿TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积异常升高,其高水平是SAP患者发生AKI的危险因素,且对发生AKI具有一定的预测价值。