The small （SK3） and intermediate （IK 1） conductance calcium-activated potassium channels could have key roles in the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor pathway, which is believed to contribute to norma...The small （SK3） and intermediate （IK 1） conductance calcium-activated potassium channels could have key roles in the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor pathway, which is believed to contribute to normal penile erection function. We aimed to investigate the expression of SK3 and IK1 in diabetic rodents. The experimental diabetes model was induced in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats （250-300 g） by a single administration of streptozotocin. Both the diabetes mellitus group （DM group, n = 20） and the control group （NDM group, n = 10） were injected with a low dose of apomorphine to allow for the measurement and comparison of the corresponding penile erections. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SK3 and IK1 were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Erectile function was significantly decreased in the DM group compared with control group （P 〈 0.05）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SK3 and IK1 were reduced in the cavernous tissue of diabetic rats compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Diabetes inhibits mRNA and protein expression of both SK3 and IK1 in the cavernous tissue of diabetic rats. This could play a key role in the development of erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats.展开更多
To study the variations in surface hydrography and circulation in northern South China Sea (NSCS), rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) and extended associate pattern analysis (EAPA) are used with daily sea su...To study the variations in surface hydrography and circulation in northern South China Sea (NSCS), rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) and extended associate pattern analysis (EAPA) are used with daily sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) datasets cover- ing 1 126 days from American Navy Experimental Real-Time East Asian Seas Ocean Nowcast System in this paper. Results show that in summer, the SCS Diluted Water Expansion (SDWE) is the most dominant factor con- trolling SSS variations in the NSCS. The remarkable SDWE usually begins in early July, reaches its maximum in middle August and weakens in late September. In summer flourishing period, its low saline core is just limited between 21°N and 22°N because of strong surface anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the NSCS. In early or late stage, the anomalous anticyclonic circulation becomes weak or turns into cyclonic one, thus the weak SCS diluted water can disperse. And its influence on the SSS variations has obviously decreased. The Kuroshio intrusion is the second controlling factor, and it has the almost opposite seasonal or intraseasonal oscillations and spatial charac- teristics to the SDWE. Winter Kuroshio Intrusion (WKI) begins in early November and lasts about three months. Intraseasonal Kuroshio Intrusion (IKI) takes place at any seasons. The westward Ekman transport produced by the north anomaly of East Asia Monsoon (EAM) pushes warmer and more saline seawater into the NSCS through the Bashi Strait and seems to decide the intensity of seasonal and intraseasonal Kuroshio intrusions.展开更多
文摘The small （SK3） and intermediate （IK 1） conductance calcium-activated potassium channels could have key roles in the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor pathway, which is believed to contribute to normal penile erection function. We aimed to investigate the expression of SK3 and IK1 in diabetic rodents. The experimental diabetes model was induced in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats （250-300 g） by a single administration of streptozotocin. Both the diabetes mellitus group （DM group, n = 20） and the control group （NDM group, n = 10） were injected with a low dose of apomorphine to allow for the measurement and comparison of the corresponding penile erections. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SK3 and IK1 were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Erectile function was significantly decreased in the DM group compared with control group （P 〈 0.05）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SK3 and IK1 were reduced in the cavernous tissue of diabetic rats compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Diabetes inhibits mRNA and protein expression of both SK3 and IK1 in the cavernous tissue of diabetic rats. This could play a key role in the development of erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats.
基金This work is supported by the Innovation Project of Chinese Academyof Sciences (KZCX3-SW-222)
文摘To study the variations in surface hydrography and circulation in northern South China Sea (NSCS), rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) and extended associate pattern analysis (EAPA) are used with daily sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) datasets cover- ing 1 126 days from American Navy Experimental Real-Time East Asian Seas Ocean Nowcast System in this paper. Results show that in summer, the SCS Diluted Water Expansion (SDWE) is the most dominant factor con- trolling SSS variations in the NSCS. The remarkable SDWE usually begins in early July, reaches its maximum in middle August and weakens in late September. In summer flourishing period, its low saline core is just limited between 21°N and 22°N because of strong surface anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the NSCS. In early or late stage, the anomalous anticyclonic circulation becomes weak or turns into cyclonic one, thus the weak SCS diluted water can disperse. And its influence on the SSS variations has obviously decreased. The Kuroshio intrusion is the second controlling factor, and it has the almost opposite seasonal or intraseasonal oscillations and spatial charac- teristics to the SDWE. Winter Kuroshio Intrusion (WKI) begins in early November and lasts about three months. Intraseasonal Kuroshio Intrusion (IKI) takes place at any seasons. The westward Ekman transport produced by the north anomaly of East Asia Monsoon (EAM) pushes warmer and more saline seawater into the NSCS through the Bashi Strait and seems to decide the intensity of seasonal and intraseasonal Kuroshio intrusions.
