The effect of the ratio of standardized ileal digestible lysine to metabolizable energy on growth performance,blood metabolites and hormones of lactating sows

A total of 335 lactating sows （Landrace x Large White） were used in two experiments to determine the optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible lysine （SID-Lys） to metabolizable energy （ME） for mixed parity sows during lactation. In Exp. 1, 185 sows （weighing an average of 256.2 ± 6.5 kg and having an average parity of 3.4 ± 0.3） were allocated to one of six experimental diets in a completely randomized block design within parity groups （1, 2, and 3＋）. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 3.06, 3.16, 3.20, 3.25, 3.30 or 3.40 Mcal/kg of ME and each diet was fed to the sows throughout a 28 day lactation. All diets provided a similar SID-lysine level （0.86%）. As a result, the diets provided a SID-Lys：ME ratio of 2.81, 2.72, 2.69, 2.65, 2.61 or 2.53 g/Mcal ME. Sow feed intake was significantly （P 〈 0.01） affected by the energy content of the diet as well as by sow parity. Using regression analysis, feed intake was shown to be maximized at 3.25, 3.21, 3.21 and 3.21 Mcal/kg of ME for parity 1, 2, 3＋ sows and the entire cohort of sows respectively （quadratic; P 〈 0.01）. In addition, the result of feed intake can be expressed as 2.65, 2.69, 2.69 and 2.68 g/Mcal based on analysis of SID-Lys：ME ratio. Litter weight gain was affected by dietary treatment for parity 3＋ sows and the entire cohort （P 〈 0.01）. Based on regression analysis, litter weight gain was maximized at 3.25 and 3.24 Mcal/kg of ME for parity 3＋ （quadratic; P 〈 0.01） and the entire cohort （quadratic; P 〈 0.01）. Similarly, the result of litter weight gain could be expressed as 2.65 and 2.66 g/Mcal of SID- Lys：ME ratio. Therefore, 3.25 Mcal/kg of ME was selected for Exp. 2 in which 150 sows （weighing 254.6 ± 7.3 kg and having an average parity of 3.4 ± 0.4） were allocated to one of five treatments in a completely randomized block design within parity （1, 2, and 3＋）. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 2.1, 2.4, 2.7, 3.0 or 3.3 g/Mcal of SID-Lys：ME ratio with all diets providing 3.25 Mcal/kg of ME. The diets were fed to the sows throughout a 28 day lactation. Sow body weight loss was affected by dietary treatment （parity 3＋ sows, P = 0.02; entire cohort, P 〈 0.01） and by sow parity （P 〈 0.01）. Litter weight at weaning and litter weight gain were affected by dietary treatment for parity 1, 2, 3＋ sows and the entire cohort （P 〈 0.01） as well as by sow parity （P 〈 0.01）. Plasma urea nitrogen （P 〈 0.01）, creatinine （P 〈 0.01） and non-esterifide fatty acids （P = 0.04） were decreased as the SID-Lys：ME ratio of the diet increased. Insulin-like growth factor-1 （P = 0.02）, estradiol （P 〈 0.01） and luteinizing hormone （P = 0.02） were increased as the SID-Lys：ME ratio in diet increased. Based on a broken-line model, the estimated SID-Lys： ME ratio to maximize litter weight gain was estimated to be 3.05 g/Mcal.

Effects of the standardized ileal digestible lysine to metabolizable energy ratio on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

A total of 2,121 growing-finishing pigs （Duroc × Landrace ×Large White） were utilized in six experiments conducted to determine the effects of different ratios of standardized ileal digestible lysine （SID-Lys） to metabolizable energy （ME） on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Exps. 1 （30 to 50 kg）, 2 （52 to 70 kg） and 3 （81 to 104 kg） were conducted to find an optimum ME level and then this level was used in Exps. 4 （29 to 47 kg）, 5 （54 to 76 kg） and 6 （84 to 109 kg） to test the response of pigs to different ratios of SID-Lys：ME. In Exps.1 to 3, four treatments were used consisting of diets with a formulated ME content of 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 or 3.4 in Exps. I and 2 while Exp. 3 used 3.05, 3.1 S, 3.25 or 3.35 Mcal/kg. A constant SID-Lys：ME ratio of 2.6, 2.3 or 2.0 g/Mcal was used in Exps. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Weight gain was significantly increased with increasing energy level in Exp.1 while weight gain was unaltered in Exps. 2 and 3. For all three experiments, feed intake was decreased （P 〈 0.05） and feed efficiency was improved （P 〈 0.05） with increasing energy level. Tenth rib back fat thickness linearly increased （P 〈 0.05） with increasing energy level, in Exps. 4 to 6, five treatments were used consisting of diets with a SID-Lys：ME ratio of 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0 or 3.2 in Exp. 1, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.9 or 3.2 in Exp. 2 and 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, or 2.6 in Exp. 3. A constant ME level 3.2, 3.2 and 3.05 Mcal/kg was used in Exps. 1, 2 and 3, respectively （selected based on the results of weight gain）. For all three experiments, weight gain increased （P 〈 0.05） and feed efficiency improved linearly （P 〈 0.05） as the SID-Lys：ME ratio increased. Tenth rib back fat thickness linearly decreased （P 〈 0.0,5） as the SID-Lys：ME ratio increased. Based on a straight broken-line model, the estimated SID-Lys：ME ratio to maximize weight gain was 3.0, 2.43 and 2.2 for 29 to 47, 54 to76 and 84 to 109 kg of pigs, respectively.

基于ILEA理论加强企业信息化建设

随着信息化水平的不断提升,企业架构在企业中的地位日益重要。文章通过对ILEA(基于信息生命周期的企业架构)理论的介绍,指出企业信息化的重要性,并且对ILEA的模型做出改进,提升环境因素对企业架构的影响力。对于ILEA开发方法 ,增加ILEA的变更,调整当前架构与目标架构的顺序,让方法的推进循环策略更加合理。最后根据ILEA理论,结合福建省电信的信息化现状,提出一些建议。

腹腔镜与开放性原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜和开放性原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的疗效,探讨两种术式的临床应用价值。方法行原位回肠新膀胱术的膀胱癌患者82例,根据手术方法分为腹腔镜手术组(35例)和开放性手术组(47例),比较两组患者手术用时、术中出血量、术后肛门恢复排气、排便时间和术后并发症发生情况,同时行新膀胱尿流动力学检查。结果两组患者手术用时、盆腔淋巴结清扫阳性率比较均无统计学差异(均P>0.05);腹腔镜手术组术中出血量和术后肛门恢复排气、排便时间均少于开放性手术组(均P<0.05)。腹腔镜手术组日间尿控率、夜间尿控率、最大尿流率均高于开放性手术组(均P<0.05);新膀胱容量、新膀胱内压、剩余尿量比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);术后并发症发生率腹腔镜手术组低于开放性手术组(P<0.05)。结论相比开放性手术,腹腔镜原位回肠新膀胱术具有术中出血少、恢复快、疗效好、并发症较少等优势,但其手术用时长于开放性手术,且在肿瘤根治和新膀胱功能等方面与开放性手术效果相近。

根治性膀胱切除术后尿流改道方式的比较

膀胱癌是目前泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤。近年来,膀胱根治性切除术+盆腔淋巴结清扫术是治疗肌层浸润性及部分高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的金标准,目前国内常见的尿流改道方式主要为回肠膀胱术、原位回肠新膀胱术及输尿管皮肤造口术,这些方式各有优点,应根据患者的具体情况和术者对术式的熟练程度进行选择。

术后早期炎性肠梗阻诊治体会

目的探讨术后早期炎性肠梗阻的临床特点和治疗方法。方法分析33例术后早期炎性肠梗阻的临床特点和治疗。结果28例术后早期炎性肠梗阻发生于术后1周内,保守治疗26例,肠梗阻缓解时间1～4周,平均10.2天,手术治疗7例。结论对术后早期炎性肠梗阻应先行4～6周保守治疗,过期无缓解再行手术,这样可避免不必要的手术,并减少手术并发症。