Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows

Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were selected.In Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source.Eight non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in Exp.1.Eight gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages.Results When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples.The SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages.Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.

Five Year Follow up after Surgical Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes with Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Associated with a Duodenal Ileal Interposition

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic disease, primarily caused by a combination of defective insulin secretion and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond to insulin. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy associated with duodenal ileal interposition (SGDII) has been shown to be a feasible treatment option for patients with T2D, as it provides improvement and control of glycemia, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid and long-term results of SGDII for the treatment of diabetic patients, considering diabetic remission, weight loss and postoperative complications. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study with 96 patients with T2D submitted to SGDII, between 2010 and 2016. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value Results: Sixty-one patients (62.8%) were male, and 36 patients (37.2%) were female. The average age was 50.9 years. Median BMI was 33.43 kg/m2. The incidence of major postoperative complications in the first 30 days was 2.1%, with no mortality. Dyslipidemia control was sustained, after five years, in 62% of the patients. The five years follow-up demonstrated that 80% of patients had T2D remission at one year, 74.5% at three years and 61.8% at five years. Univariate analysis demonstrated that preoperative values of HbA1c and BMI, preoperative use of insulin, gender, and 30-day complication were not predictors of remission at all study intervals. The average duration of the disease was nine years and the mean glycated hemoglobin before surgery was 8.95%. Conclusion: SGDII resulted in good glycemic control at 5-years follow-up and represents a valid alternative for the treatment of T2D.

“Keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”in the prenatal diagnosis of ileal atresia:A case report

BACKGROUND Ileal atresia is a congenital abnormality where there is significant stenosis or complete absence of a portion of the ileum.The overall diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in detecting jejunal and ileal atresia is low.We report a case of ileal atresia diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound examination with the“keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of ileal atresia diagnosed in utero at 31 weeks'of gestation.Prenatal ultrasound examination revealed two rows of intestines arranged in an‘S’shape in the middle abdomen.The inner diameters were 1.7 cm and 1.6 cm,respectively.A typical“keyboard sign”was observed.The intestine canal behind the“keyboard sign”showed an irregular strong echo.There was no normal intestinal wall structure,showing a typical“coffee bean sign”.Termination of the pregnancy and autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis.CONCLUSION The prenatal diagnosis of ileal atresia is difficult.The sonographic features of the“keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”are helpful in diagnosing the location of congenital jejunal and ileal atresia.

Oils with different degree of saturation:effects on ileal digestibility of fat and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing pigs

Background Oils are important sources of energy in pig diets.The combination of oils with different degree of saturation contributes to improve the utilization efficiency of the mixed oils and may reduce the cost of oil supplemented.An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of oils with different degree of saturation on the fat digestibility and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing pigs.Methods Eighteen crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)barrows(initial body weight:29.3±2.8 kg)were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum.The experimental diets included a fat-free basal diet and 5 oil-added diets.The 5 oil-added diets were formulated by adding 6%oil with different ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U:S)to the basal diet.The 5 oils were palm oil(U:S=1.2),canola oil(U:S=12.0),and palm oil and canola oil were mixed in different proportions to prepare a combination of U:S of 2.5,3.5 and 4.5,respectively.Results The apparent and standardized ileal digestibility(AID and SID)of fat and fatty acids increased linearly(P<0.05)as the U:S of dietary oils increased except for SID of fat and C18:2.The AID and SID of fat and fatty acids differed among the dietary treatments(P<0.05)except for SID of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA)and C18:2.Fitted one-slope broken-line analyses for the SID of fat,saturated fatty acids(SFA)and UFA indicated that the breakpoint for U:S of oil was 4.14(R^(2)=0.89,P<0.01),2.91(R^(2)=0.98,P<0.01)and 3.84(R^(2)=0.85,P<0.01),respectively.The determined SID of fat,C18:1,C18:2 and UFA in the mixtures was not different from the calculated SID of fat,C18:1,C18:2 and UFA.However,the determined SID of C16:0,C18:0 and SFA in the mixtures were greater than the calculated SID values(P<0.05).The abundance of Romboutsia and Turicibacter in pigs fed diet containing palm oil was greater than that in rapeseed oil treatment group,and the two bacteria were negatively correlated with SID of C16:0,C18:0 and SFA(P<0.05).Conclusions The optimal U:S for improving the utilization efficiency of mixed oil was 4.14.The SID of fat and UFA for palm oil and canola oil were additive in growing pigs,whereas the SID of SFA in the mixture of two oils was greater than the sum of the values of pure oils.Differences in fat digestibility caused by oils differing in degree of saturation has a significant impact on bacterial community in the foregut.

Effects of dietary oil sources and fat extraction methods on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs

Background:There is a lack of data for the standardized ileal digestibility(SID) of fat and fatty acids in national feed databases.In addition,it is important to specify the procedures used for fat analyses.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to 1) determine the apparent ileal digestibility(AID) and SID of fat and fatty acids in ten different oil sources for growing pigs and to develop prediction equations for SID of fat based on fatty acid composition;and 2) compare the effect of the fat extraction methods on the calculated values for endogenous loss and digestibility of fat.Methods:Twenty-two barrows(initial body weight:32.1 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum,and allotted to 1 of 11 experimental diets in a 4-period Youden Square design.A fat-free diet was formulated using cornstarch,soy protein isolate and sucrose.Ten oil-added diets were formulated by adding 6% of dietary oil sources to the fat-free diet at the expense of cornstarch.All diets contained 26% sugar beet pulp and 0.40% chromic oxide.Results:The endogenous loss of ether extract(EE) was lower than that of acid-hydrolyzed fat(AEE;P < 0.01).There were significant differences in the AID and SID of fat and saturated fatty acids across the dietary oil sources(P < 0.05).The SID of AEE for palm oil was lower than that of sunflower oil,corn oil,canola oil,rice oil and flaxseed oil(P < 0.01).The AID and SID of fat ranged from 79.65% to 86.97% and from 91.14% to 99.18%.Although the AID of EE was greater than that of AEE(P < 0.01),there was no significant difference in SID of EE and AEE except for palm oil.The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U/S) had a positive correlation with SID of fat(P < 0.05),whereas C16:0 and long chain saturated fatty acids(LSFA) were significant negatively correlated with SID of fat(P < 0.01).The best-fit equation to predict SID of fat was SID AEE = 102.75-0.15 × LSFA-0.74 × C18:0-0.03 × C18:1(Adjusted coefficient of determination = 0.88,P < 0.01).Conclusions:When calculating the SID of fat,the EE content of the samples can be analyzed using the direct extraction method,whereas the acid hydrolysis procedure should be used to determine the AID of fat.Fat digestibility of dietary oils was affected by their fatty acid composition,especially by the contents of C16:0,LSFA and U/S.

Contemporary outcomes of patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical cystectomy:A comparative analysis between intracorporeal ileal conduit and neobladder urinary diversions

Objective We aimed to compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes for patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical cystectomy(RARC)with intracorporeal ileal conduit(IC)and neobladder(NB)urinary diversion.Methods Patients undergoing RARC with intracorporeal urinary diversion between January 2017 and January 2022 at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA were indexed.Baseline demographics,clinical characteristics,perioperative,and oncologic outcomes were analyzed.Survival was estimated with Kaplan-Meier plots.Results Of 261 patients(206[78.9%]male),190(72.8%)received IC while 71(27.2%)received NB diversion.Median age was greater in the IC group(71[interquartile range,IQR 65-78]years vs.64[IQR 59-67]years,p<0.001)and BMI was 26.6(IQR 23.2-30.4)kg/m^(2).IC group was more likely to have prior abdominal or pelvic radiation(15.8%vs.2.8%,p=0.014).American Association of Anesthesiologists scores were comparable between groups.The IC group had a higher proportion of patients with pathological tumor stage 2(pT2)tumors(34[17.9%]vs.10[14.1%],p=0.008)and pathological node stages pN2-N3(28[14.7%]vs.3[4.2%],p<0.001).The IC group had less median operative time(272[IQR 246-306]min vs.341[IQR 303-378]min,p<0.001)and estimated blood loss(250[150-500]mL vs.325[200-575]mL,p=0.002).Thirty-and 90-day complication rates were 44.4%and 50.2%,respectively,and comparable between groups.Clavien-Dindo grades 3-5 complications occurred in 27(10.3%)and 34(13.0%)patients within 30 and 90 days,respectively,with comparable rates between groups.Median follow-up was 324(IQR 167-552)days,and comparable between groups.Kaplan-Meier estimate for overall survival at 24 months was 89%for the IC cohort and 93%for the NB cohort(hazard ratio 1.23,95%confidence interval 1.05-2.42,p=0.02).Kaplan-Meier estimate for recurrence-free survival at 24 months was 74%for IC and 87%for NB(hazard ratio 1.81,95%confidence interval 0.82-4.04,p=0.10).Conclusion Patients undergoing intracorporeal IC urinary diversion had higher postoperative cancer stage,increased nodal involvement,similar complications outcomes,decreased overall survival,and similar recurrence-free survival compared to patients undergoing RARC with intracorporeal NB urinary diversion.

Right Diaphragmatic Rupture with Passage of an Intrathoracic Ileal Segment Apropos of a Case and Review of the Literature at the Kankan Regional Hospital

Traumatic rupture of the right diaphragmatic dome with herniation of a segment of the hail into the thorax is a rare lesion. It is often the result of a thoraco-abdominal trauma. It can generally lead to early or late cardiopulmonary complications due to compression. The objective of this clinical case is to study the physiopathological mechanisms, the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of this complication. The diagnosis is often difficult in front of a diaphragmatic rupture since there are no specific clinical signs. In our case, the clinical picture on arrival was that of a high occlusion in an immediate postoperative context. The X-ray which makes it possible to visualize the ascended organs but more difficultly the rupture itself could not be carried out. Treatment is essentially surgical. Although the thoracic approach is preferred by several surgeons because of the difficulties of exposing the diaphragm in the presence of the liver, we chose the abdominal approach instead. The postoperative course is made up of parietal suppuration.

口服硝黄温胆汤联合益生菌灌肠治疗膀胱癌根治性切除术+回肠原位新膀胱术术后胃肠功能紊乱的临床效果

目的探讨口服硝黄温胆汤联合益生菌灌肠治疗膀胱癌根治性切除术+回肠原位新膀胱术术后胃肠功能紊乱(POGD)的临床效果。方法选取2020年1月至2022年12月佛山市中医院泌尿外科的84例膀胱癌根治性切除术+回肠原位新膀胱术POGD患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组及试验组,各42例。两组均给予基础治疗,对照组给予甲硫酸新斯的明注射液肌肉注射联合开塞露塞肛灌肠,试验组口服硝黄温胆汤联合益生菌灌肠。比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗后,试验组的腹胀、肠鸣音及伴随症状评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,试验组的胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MOT)水平高于对照组,C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平及白细胞计数(WBC)低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组的治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论口服硝黄温胆汤联合益生菌灌肠治疗根治性膀胱全切+回肠原位新膀胱术POGD的临床效果确切。

机器人辅助全体内回肠代输尿管术治疗输尿管全段撕脱伤后输尿管全段狭窄或缺如的临床效果分析(附手术视频)

目的:探讨机器人辅助全体内回肠代输尿管术治疗输尿管全段撕脱伤后输尿管全段狭窄或缺如的可行性及临床效果。方法:对本院2021年12月—2023年2月收治的4例输尿管镜钬激光碎石术后输尿管全段撕脱伤导致的输尿管全段狭窄或缺如的患者行机器人辅助完全体内回肠代输尿管术。所有患者均在撕脱伤后即刻行肾造瘘术或输尿管残端皮肤造口术,术后3个月来本院二期手术。结果:4例手术均获得成功,随访3~24个月无或轻度肾积水,无其他并发症发生。结论:机器人辅助全体内回肠代输尿管术是治疗输尿管全段撕脱伤后输尿管全段狭窄或缺如的可行手术方式,具有一体位、创口小、恢复快、并发症少等优势。

基于过渡理论的回肠代膀胱术后病人支持方案的应用

目的:探讨基于过渡理论的回肠代膀胱术后病人支持方案的应用效果。方法:采用便利抽样法选取60例上海某三级综合医院回肠代膀胱造口术后病人为研究对象,采用非同期对照研究,对照组和试验组各30例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组采用基于过渡理论的回肠代膀胱术后病人支持方案,比较两组病人的出院准备度及出院3个月后尿路造口自护能力、造口适应、并发症发生情况和满意度。结果:试验组出院后3个月尿路造口自护能力评分、造口适应评分、满意度均高于对照组;出院时出院准备评分高于对照组;出院后3个月尿路造口并发症发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于过渡理论的回肠代膀胱术后病人支持方案可以提高病人的尿路造口自护能力、出院准备度、造口适应能力、满意度,减少尿路造口并发症发生率,改善临床预后。

完全腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除回肠膀胱术治疗膀胱癌25例疗效观察

目的探讨完全腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除回肠膀胱术的临床效果和手术技巧,以期为膀胱癌患者手术方式的选择提供参考。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院泌尿外科2017年3月—2022年8月收治的48例行腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除回肠膀胱术治疗膀胱癌患者的临床资料。按照手术方式分为传统腹腔镜组(腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除+脐下正中切口回肠膀胱术)患者23例,完全腹腔镜组25例。比较两组患者的手术时间、估计出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、引流管拔除时间及住院时间。结果48例患者手术均顺利完成,所有患者均未发生Clavien-Dindo>3级并发症。传统腹腔镜组与完全腹腔镜组的手术时间分别为(227.0±46.4)min与(253.6±58.9)min,出血量分别为(131.7±79.8)mL与(154.0±93.0)mL,两组术后肠道功能恢复时间、引流管拔除时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而完全腹腔镜组的术后住院时间较传统腹腔镜组更短,差异有统计学意义(P=0.035)。结论完全腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除回肠膀胱术安全可行,与传统腹腔镜手术方式效果相当,而完全腹腔镜组术后住院时间更短,有利于术后快速康复。

快速型黄羽肉鸡玉米代谢能值及氨基酸标准回肠消化率评定

本试验旨在评估快速型黄羽肉鸡玉米代谢能值和氨基酸标准回肠消化率(SID),并基于玉米有效化学成分构建其表观代谢能(AME)预测方程。试验1:评估快速型黄羽肉鸡玉米的AME和氮校正表观代谢能(AMEn)。选取396羽湘佳黄鸡2号肉公鸡(属快速型黄羽肉鸡),随机分成11个组,每组6个重复,每个重复6羽。随机选择1组饲喂基础饲粮,其余10组饲喂试验饲粮,试验饲粮用不同来源的玉米替换40%的基础饲粮配制。试验分2个阶段进行,12~18日龄为阶段1,33~39日龄为阶段2。试验2:评估快速型黄羽肉鸡玉米的氨基酸SID。选取396羽湘佳黄鸡2号肉公鸡,随机分成11组,每组6个重复,每个重复6羽。随机选择1组饲喂无氮饲粮,另外10组饲喂以不同来源玉米为主要原料的试验饲粮。试验分2个阶段进行,14~18日龄为阶段1,35~39日龄为阶段2。结果显示:1)10种不同来源玉米中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗纤维(CF)、粗灰分(Ash)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量的平均值分别为85.67%(84.95%~86.15%)、7.40%(6.73%~8.24%)、2.87%(2.43%~3.04%)、3.43%(1.12%~6.18%)、0.90%(0.67%~1.12%)、14.00%(12.49%~16.09%)、2.74%(2.40%~3.07%),总能(GE)的平均值为18.55 MJ/kg(18.25~18.74 MJ/kg)。2)在干物质基础上,快速型黄羽肉鸡对10种玉米的AME和AMEn的平均值在12~18日龄分别为12.96和12.62 MJ/kg,在33~39日龄分别为13.06和12.73 MJ/kg。3)14~18日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡对玉米必需氨基酸中SID最高的是组氨酸,平均值为82.53%。35~39日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡对玉米必需氨基酸中SID最高的是蛋氨酸,平均值为86.97%。4)12~18日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡对玉米AME的最佳预测方程为:AME(MJ/kg)=41.26-0.10DM+1.00EE-0.94CP-0.49CF-7.46Ash-0.16NDF-1.88ADF(R^(2)=0.78,P=0.593);33~39日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡对玉米AME的最佳预测方程为:AME(MJ/kg)=15.28-2.37Ash(R^(2)=0.47,P=0.029)和AME(MJ/kg)=-25.19+0.52DM+1.56EE-0.43CP-0.12CF-5.23Ash+0.02NDF-0.84ADF(R^(2)=0.94,P=0.195)。综上所述,快速型黄羽肉鸡对不同来源玉米的AME、AMEn和氨基酸SID均存在较大差异,Ash是快速型黄羽肉鸡玉米AME的最佳预测因子。

二甲酸钾对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、养分表观代谢率和肠道环境的影响

本试验旨在研究二甲酸钾(KDF)对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、养分表观代谢率和肠道环境的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡180只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加1(KDF-1组)和2 g/kg(KDF-2组)的KDF。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,KDF-1组和KDF-2组在1~21日龄的平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05);各组肉鸡在22~42日龄的平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),F/G显著降低(P<0.05);KDF-1组和KDF-2组1~42日龄肉鸡的ADFI和F/G显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,KDF-1组和KDF-2组肉鸡的腿肌率显著提高(P<0.05)。KDF-2组的半净膛率和全净膛率显著高于对照组和KDF-1组(P<0.05)。3)KDF-2组肉鸡干物质、能量和粗蛋白质表观代谢率显著高于对照组和KDF-1组(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,KDF-1组和KDF-2组空肠的绒毛高度和绒隐比显著提高(P<0.05),其中KDF-2组显著高于KDF-1组(P<0.05)。KDF-1组和KDF-2组回肠的绒毛高度和绒隐比显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。5)KDF-1组和KDF-2组十二指肠脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中KDF-2组的淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著高于KDF-1组(P<0.05)。KDF-2组空肠脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组和KDF-1组(P<0.05),而KDF-1组空肠脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性高于对照组(P<0.05)。KDF-1组和KDF-2组回肠脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且KDF-2组回肠脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著高于KDF-1组(P<0.05)。6)与对照组相比,KDF-1组和KDF-2组回肠细菌总数、大肠杆菌数量、乳酸杆菌数量、双歧杆菌数量和芽孢杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加2 g/kg的KDF可以提高肉鸡的生长性能,改善肠道形态和维持肠道健康。

基于非靶向代谢组学挖掘两种日粮模式下蛋鸡回肠代谢物的差异

为探究饲喂基础日粮(CON)和含5.0%益生菌发酵饲料(PFF)2种日粮条件下蛋鸡回肠内容物代谢物差异,采用液相色谱-质谱和非靶向代谢组学相结合的方法,检测2种日粮条件下蛋鸡回肠中代谢产物,通过差异代谢物筛选和KEGG富集分析,筛选出蛋鸡回肠中的差异代谢物及代谢通路。结果表明,与CON组相比,PFF组中胆酸、牛磺鹅去氧胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸等胆汁酸含量显著降低,异亮氨酸-亮氨酸-甘氨酸-丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸-谷氨酸-缬氨酸-谷氨酸、亮氨酸-酪氨酸-苏氨酸-赖氨酸等小肽含量显著增加;KEGG通路富集分析表明,代谢物主要与胆汁分泌、初级胆汁酸生物合成等通路相关,初级胆汁酸在宿主脂质和脂溶性物质的消化代谢、抗氧化状态、胆固醇代谢和宿主-微生物相互作用中发挥重要作用。蛋鸡日粮中添加益生菌发酵饲料可通过改变肠道代谢产物来改善肠道吸收功能。

发酵花生粕的营养价值评定及其对仔猪生长性能的影响

研究旨在评定发酵花生粕(FPM)的营养价值并研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能影响。试验分为3个部分。试验1:将12头初重为(10.0±2.0) kg的“杜×长×大”三元去势公猪随机分为2组,分别饲喂基础饲粮和FPM饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。利用全收粪法测定两种饲粮的有效能值,并通过套算法计算FPM的猪消化能与代谢能。试验2:选取12头回肠末端安装T型瘘管的初重为(15.0±2.0) kg的“杜×长×大”三元去势公猪随机分为2组,分别饲喂无氮饲粮和以30%FPM为唯一氮源的半纯合饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期7 d,于最后2 d收集回肠末端食糜以测定FPM的表观回肠消化率(AID)和标准回肠消化率(SID)。试验3:将50头初重为(8.0±1.0) kg的断奶仔猪(公、母各半)随机分为5组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加2%、4%、6%、8%的FPM试验饲粮,试验期21 d。结果显示:FPM (风干基础)的消化能和代谢能分别为15.17和13.83 MJ/kg,其赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸的SID分别为85.85%、92.44%、87.80%、84.09%。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加FPM对断奶仔猪的平均日采食量和腹泻率无显著影响(P>0.05);添加2%~8%FPM可显著增加平均日增重(P<0.05),降低料重比(P<0.05)。研究表明,FPM的有效能值和氨基酸利用率较高,在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加2%~8%FPM可降低仔猪料重比,其中6%添加比例的饲喂效果较好。

肉鸭对糖渣和酱油渣养分利用率评定

【目的】试验旨在对糖渣和酱油渣进行营养价值评定,测定其在肉鸭中的营养物质消化率、代谢能和回肠氨基酸消化率。【方法】代谢能及养分消化率采用排空-强饲法测定,共选取24只肉鸭,随机分为糖渣组和酱油渣组,每组12个重复,每重复1只鸭,强饲量为60 g,排空和集粪时间均为48 h,收集肉鸭粪便样品,测定干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量和总能。使用无氮饲粮法和回肠末端法测定回肠氨基酸消化率,选取60只肉鸭,随机分为糖渣组、糖渣无氮饲粮组、酱油渣组和酱油渣无氮饲粮组,每组5个重复,每重复3只鸭,适应期3 d后分别饲喂试验饲料,4 h后统一屠宰取回肠内容物,测定氨基酸含量。【结果】糖渣中干物质含量为89.70%、粗蛋白质为21.98%、总能为26.47 MJ/kg;酱油渣中干物质含量为89.53%,粗蛋白质含量为26.65%,总能为24.06 MJ/kg。代谢试验结果表明,糖渣和酱油渣在肉鸭中的表观代谢能分别为18.09和8.59 MJ/kg,干物质消化率分别为57.46%和44.61%,粗脂肪消化率分别为84.88%和84.43%。回肠氨基酸消化率结果显示,糖渣和酱油渣试验中表观回肠消化率最高的是赖氨酸,分别为92.75%和55.60%。【结论】糖渣和酱油渣粗蛋白质含量高,氨基酸含量和组成丰富,肉鸭对粗脂肪和粗蛋白质利用率较高,可以开发作为肉鸭饲料原料应用在生产中。

杂粕饲粮中添加水解鱼蛋白肽对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及氨基酸表观回肠消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究杂粕饲粮中添加不同水平的水解鱼蛋白肽对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及氨基酸表观回肠消化率的影响。选用300只体重相近、体况良好的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-杂粕型基础饲粮(4%菜籽粕+5%棉籽粕),试验组分别在杂粕饲粮中添加1%、2%、3%和4%水解鱼蛋白肽,并配制成等能等氮的全价饲料。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加1%水解鱼蛋白肽显著提高肉鸡42日龄体重、22~42日龄平均日采食量以及1~42日龄平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,添加4%水解鱼蛋白肽显著提高肉鸡半净膛率和全净膛率(P<0.05),添加2%水解鱼蛋白肽显著提高全净膛率(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,添加1%水解鱼蛋白肽显著提高肉鸡胸肌红度(a)和黄度(b)值(P<0.05),显著降低胸肌pH 45 min和剪切力(P<0.05),显著降低腿肌pH 45 min和pH_(2)4 h(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,1%水解鱼蛋白肽组蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、天冬氨酸和脯氨酸表观回肠消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡杂粕饲粮中添加1%水解鱼蛋白肽可提高其生长性能,改善肉品质,同时促进氨基酸的消化吸收。

机器人辅助腹腔镜膀胱癌根治性切除术后回肠膀胱术和输尿管皮肤造口术在老龄患者中的单中心围术期效果及并发症分析

目的探究在接受机器人辅助腹腔镜膀胱癌根治性切除术(robot-assisted radical cystectomy,RARC)的老龄患者中,回肠膀胱术(ileal conduit,IC)和输尿管皮肤造口术(cutaneous ureterostomy,CU)对其短期内疗效的分析。方法回顾性分析2016年6月—2024年2月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科行RARC的83例年龄≥65岁患者的临床资料,其中46例行IC,37例行CU。对于纳入患者的基线资料使用倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM)调整患者特征后,比较PSM前后2组患者的围手术期和术后30 d预后的结果。结果PSM前相较于IC组,CU组的年龄较大(P<0.01),年龄校正查尔森合并症指数(age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index,aCCI)的值较大(P<0.01),手术时间更短(P=0.002),PSM后2组患者在年龄、aCCI值上差异无统计学意义。在PSM前后,相较于IC组,CU组患者的术后住院时间更短(P=0.002,P=0.022)、术中失血量更少(P<0.001,P=0.005)、术后30 d并发症总发生率更低(P=0.008,P=0.016)、发生漏尿(P=0.013,P=0.028)和肠梗阻(P=0.037,P=0.028)的概率更低。结论对于合并多种全身疾病、一般情况较差的老龄肌层浸润性膀胱癌的患者,这类人群接受RARC联合CU手术在短期内的疗效可能更佳。

肉鸡标准回肠氨基酸消化率测定研究进展及存在的问题

低蛋白日粮是畜禽营养发展的重要方向。基于标准回肠氨基酸消化率(Standard ileal amino acid digestibility, SIAAD)计算的肉鸡饲料配方能够更加准确合理的反映家禽对饲料蛋白质的消化能力、减少氮的排泄。因而采用标准回肠氨基酸消化率设计日粮配方是实现低蛋白营养的前提。文章综述了家禽标准回肠氨基酸消化率测定研究进展及存在的问题,以期为建立原料标准回肠氨基酸消化率参数数据库提供参考。

Probiotic cocktails accelerate baicalin metabolism in the ileum to modulate intestinal health in broiler chickens

Background Baicalin and probiotic cocktails are promising feed additives with broad application prospects.While probiotic cocktails are known to enhance intestinal health,the potential synergistic impact of combining baicalin with probiotic cocktails on the gut health of broiler chickens remains largely unexplored.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the influence of the combined administration of baicalin and probiotic cocktails on the composition of ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the healthpromoting effects.Results A total of 3201-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 4 groups,each with 8 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate.Over a period of 42 d,the birds were fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 37.5 g/t baicalin(BC),1,000 g/t probiotic cocktails(PC),or a combination of both BC(37.5 g/t)and PC(1,000 g/t).The results demonstrated that BC+PC exhibited positive synergistic effects,enhancing intestinal morphology,immune function,and barrier function.This was evidenced by increased VH/CD ratio,sIgA levels,and upregulated expression of occludin and claudin-1(P<0.05).16S rRNA analysis indicated that PC potentiated the effects of BC,particularly in the ileum,where BC+PC significantly increased theα-diversity of the ileal microbiota,altered itsβ-diversity,and increased the relative abundance of Flavonifractor(P<0.05),a flavonoid-metabolizing bacterium.Furthermore,Flavonifractor positively correlated with chicken ileum crypt depth(P<0.05).While BC+PC had a limited effect on cecal microbiota structure,the PC group had a very similar microbial composition to BC+PC,suggesting that the effect of PC at the distal end of the gut overshadowed those of BC.Conclusions We demonstrated the synergistic enhancement of gut health regulation in broiler chickens by combining baicalin and probiotic cocktails.Probiotic cocktails enhanced the effects of baicalin and accelerated its metabolism in the ileum,thereby influencing the ileal microbiota structure.This study elucidates the interaction mechanism between probiotic cocktails and plant extract additives within the host microbiota.These findings provide compelling evidence for the future development of feed additive combinations.