Optimization of Control Loops and Operating Parameters for Three-Phase Separators Used in Oilfield Central Processing Facilities

In this study,the Stokes formula is used to analyze the separation effect of three-phase separators used in a Oilfield Central Processing Facility.The considered main influencing factors include(but are not limited to)the typical size of oil and water droplets,the residence time and temperature of fluid and the dosage of demulsifier.Using the“Specification for Oil and Gas Separators”as a basis,the control loops and operating parameters of each separator are optimized Considering the Halfaya Oilfield as a testbed,it is shown that the proposed approach can lead to good results in the production stage.

Accurate vision measurement for kinematic parameters of satellite separation tests

The accurate measurement of kinematic parameters in satellite separation tests has great significance in evaluating separation performance. A novel study is made on the measuring accuracy of monocular and binocular, which are the two main vision measurement methods used for kinematic parameters. As satellite separation process is transient and high-dynamic, it will bring more extraction errors to the binocular. Based on the design approach of intersection measure and variance ratio, the monocular method reflects higher precision, simpler structure and easier calibration for level satellite separation. In ground separation tests, a high-speed monocular system is developed to gain and analyze twelve kinematic parameters of a small satellite. Research shows that this monocular method can be widely applied for its high precision, with position accuracy of 0.5 mm, speed accuracy of 5 mm/s, and angular velocity accuracy of 1 (°)/s.

DETERMINATION OF THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC PARAMETERS OF LARGE SCALE CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF SUGAR AND REDUCING SUGAR

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Study of Optimal Parameters of Improved 1RX Regenerator

In this article, researches on improvement of 1RX regenerator used in cleaning processes of cotton ginning enterprises were carried out. The effect of changing the parameters of the new working body—rubber-plate drum and machine inlet on the efficiency of cotton separation was studied in the research, and the maximum level of efficiency of separation was determined. In this paper work, the main factors affecting the efficient operation of the regenerator were identified, their value limits were determined, and research was conducted using the mathematical planning method. As a result, effective operation of the improved 1RX cotton regenerator was observed at the value of the given factors, that is, the separation efficiency was 99.5%, the cleaning efficiency was higher than 88.7%, and the amount of seed cotton in the waste was reduced lower than 2.5%.

INVESTIGATION OF PULSED-WIRE TECHNIQUE FOR WALL PARAMETERS MEASUREMENT IN SEPARATED FLOWS

A pulsed-wire wall probe measurement system was developed in this paper,which can be used for measuring wall Parameters in separated flow- The operating princi-ple was described and the way of probe calibration was given. Wall parameters of back-ward-facing and forward-facing step flow were measured,and the wall nows structure andcharacters were revealed.

A new approach for separating mixed model parameters:application to simultaneous inversion of earthquake source parameters

A method for simultaneous determination of mixed model parameters,which have different physical dimensions or different responses to data,is presented.Mixed parameter estimation from observed data within a single model space shows instabilities and trade-offs of the solutions. We separate the model space into N-subspaces based on their physical properties or computational convenience and solve the N-subspaces systems by damped least-squares and singular-value decomposition. Since the condition number of each subsystem is smaller than that of the single global system,the approach can greatly increase the stability of the inversion. We also introduce different damping factors into the subsystems to reduce the tradeoffs between the different parameters. The damping factors depend on the conditioning of the subsystems and may be adequately chosen in a range from 0.1 % to 10 % of the largest singular value. We illustrate the method with an example of simultaneous determination of source history,source geometry,and hypocentral location from regional seismograms,although it is applicable to any geophysical inversion.

UBSS and blind parameters estimation algorithms for synchronous orthogonal FH signals

By using the sparsity of frequency hopping（FH） signals,an underdetermined blind source separation（UBSS） algorithm is presented. Firstly, the short time Fourier transform（STFT） is performed on the mixed signals. Then, the mixing matrix, hopping frequencies, hopping instants and the hooping rate can be estimated by the K-means clustering algorithm. With the estimated mixing matrix, the directions of arrival（DOA） of source signals can be obtained. Then, the FH signals are sorted and the FH pattern is obtained. Finally, the shortest path algorithm is adopted to recover the time domain signals. Simulation results show that the correlation coefficient between the estimated FH signal and the source signal is above 0.9 when the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） is higher than 0 d B and hopping parameters of multiple FH signals in the synchronous orthogonal FH network can be accurately estimated and sorted under the underdetermined conditions.

Spiral Torsion Spring Optimization Design for Separation Devices

As a driving element,the spiral torsion spring can control the release velocity by the optimization design of spring parameters and be used for separation devices,which is conducive to unlocking synchronicity and low-shock of the separation. On the basis of analyzing the performance requirements of the spiral torsion spring in a spacecraft device,the optimization design model of the spiral torsion spring is given, which takes the spiral torsion spring's length,width and thickness as the optimization variables,and the minimum volume as the optimization objective. The model considers output torque,strength,the maximal resetting load,holding force,and low shock as constraint conditions. A case is given to analyze the proposed model. The analysis results show the optimization scheme decreases the volume of the spiral torsion spring and meets the performance requirements of the separation device.

Experimental Study on Three-phase Separation of Oily Sludge

Three-phase centrifuge was used to process oily sludge,and the requirement of mud,oil and water three-phase separation was satisfied through the optimization of parameters. The results showed that when the input quantity was lower than 5 m^3/h,the optimal operation parameters of the three-phase centrifuge are shown as follows: the frequency of the main motor and vice motor was 33 and 30 Hz respectively,and the flocculant flow was 0. 7 m^3/h,while the oily sludge temperature was 55 ℃. Water content in the separated sludge decreased from 98% to lower than 70%,and the goal of reduction and harmless treatment of oily sludge could be achieved,which could provide essential conditions for subsequent resource utilization and could be used to guide industrial production.

Separation of atropisomers by chiral liquid chromatography and thermodynamic analysis of separation mechanism

In the pharmaceutical industry, the analysis of atropisomers is of considerable interest from both scientific and regulatory perspectives. The compound of interest contains two stereogenic axes due to the hindered rotation around the single bonds connecting the aryl groups, which results in four potential configurational isomers(atropisomers). The separation of the four atropisomers was achieved on a derivatized β-cyclodextrin bonded stationary phase. Further investigation showed that low temperature conditions, including sample preparation(-70 °C), sample storage(-70 °C), and chromatographic separation(6 °C), were critical to preventing interconversion. LC-UV-laser polarimetric analysis identified peaks 1 and 2 as a pair of enantiomers and peaks3 and 4 as another. Thermodynamic analysis of the retention data indicated that the separation of the pairs of enantiomers is primarily enthalpy controlled as indicated by the positive slope of the van't Huff plot. The difference in absolute Δ(Δ H), ranged from 2.20 k J/mol to 2.42 k J/mol.

An iterative algorithm for solving ill-conditioned linear least squares problems

Linear Least Squares（LLS） problems are particularly difficult to solve because they are frequently ill-conditioned, and involve large quantities of data. Ill-conditioned LLS problems are commonly seen in mathematics and geosciences, where regularization algorithms are employed to seek optimal solutions. For many problems, even with the use of regularization algorithms it may be impossible to obtain an accurate solution. Riley and Golub suggested an iterative scheme for solving LLS problems. For the early iteration algorithm, it is difficult to improve the well-conditioned perturbed matrix and accelerate the convergence at the same time. Aiming at this problem, self-adaptive iteration algorithm（SAIA） is proposed in this paper for solving severe ill-conditioned LLS problems. The algorithm is different from other popular algorithms proposed in recent references. It avoids matrix inverse by using Cholesky decomposition, and tunes the perturbation parameter according to the rate of residual error decline in the iterative process. Example shows that the algorithm can greatly reduce iteration times, accelerate the convergence,and also greatly enhance the computation accuracy.

Calculation of reverse-fault-related parameters using topographic profiles and fault bedding

Fault-related parameters are critical for studying tectonic evolution, deformation character- istics, active tectonism, and seismic hazards. A new method of calculating reverse-fault- related parameters has been developed, which uses systematic analysis of the geometrical characteristics of normal and reverse scarps of reverse faults together with measurements of topographic profiles and fault bedding. The results show that the most suitable method of calculating fault parameters heavily relies on the specific type of fault scarp. For a reverse scarp, the size of the vertical displacement （VD） of the fault, the vertical separation （VS） of the hanging wall and the footwall, and the fault scarp height （SH）how the relationship VD ≥VS ≥ SH; conversely, for normal scarps, VD ≤ VS ≤ SH. The theoretical equations were used to study fault deformation in the Southwest Tianshan Mountain foreland basin. The results showed that, for every fault, VD ≥ VS ≥SH, which is consistent with our predicted relationship. This finding demonstrates that this method is suitable to explore structural information of reverse faults. In the study area, the vertical displacement is 1.4 times the horizontal displacement, suggesting that fiexural-slip faults may play an important role in transferring local deformation from horizontal shortening to vertical uplift. Therefore, one of the most important steps in correct calculation of reverse-fault-related parameters is selection of the proper equations by identifying the specific type of fault scarp and the corresponding calculation method.

基于响应面法的过轴式旋流器分离性能优化

为解决旋流器在井下狭小空间内的适用性问题,提出一种新型过轴式旋流器,通过响应面法对构建的旋流器结构参数与分离效率间的数学关系模型进行结构优化。采用数值模拟方法,对优化前后旋流器在不同处理量与含水率条件下旋流器内流场特性及分离效率的对比情况开展研究。结果表明:优化后模型效率均优于优化前,优化后模型处理量在2—6.5 m^(3)/h变化,处理量为6.5 m^(3)/h时分离性能最佳,分离效率由60.30%增至97.10%;含水率在92%—99%变化,含水率99%时分离性能最佳,分离效率由93.15%增至99.72%。采用数值模拟与实验相结合的方法,对优化后旋流器在不同分流比条件下分离效率开展研究,数值模拟与实验结果呈现出较好的一致性,验证结构优化的可行性及数值模拟结果的准确性。

最优尺寸参数对涡流管能量分离效应影响的研究

为确定出涡流管各因素的主次顺序,找出最优的参数组合,提出正交试验设计和极差分析法,找到涡流管能量分离效应的最优化尺寸参数。实验设定涡流管进气温度为26℃,环境温度为27.1℃,结果表明,4个尺寸参数对涡流管能量分离影响排序为:长径比>喷嘴数目>冷端直径>进气压力,每个参数的最优值各为长径比为25.0、喷嘴个数为6、冷端直径为5 mm、进气压力为0.8 MPa,并通过对试验结果的验证,发现涡流管的冷热端出口温差为95.2℃。根据正交试验设计方案找出了涡流管各部件的最优尺寸参数。

基于多频涡流技术的燃料棒包壳管氧化膜厚度测量方法

核燃料棒包壳管表面的氧化膜会影响其导热性能,使燃料棒的温度上升,加快燃料包壳的腐蚀速度,给反应堆带来潜在安全风险。故有必要对氧化膜厚度进行精确测量。为此,构建了燃料棒包壳管的三维有限元仿真模型,对燃料包壳多频检测进行了分析,总结了激励频率、包壳管电导率和金属涂层厚度对氧化膜测量结果的影响规律;提出了融合多频测量数据,抑制干扰因素影响,精确计算氧化膜厚度的方法,并进行了试验验证。结果表明,该方法的氧化膜厚度计算误差小于1μm,可用于燃料包壳管氧化膜厚度的量化表征。

基于多域信息融合与深度分离卷积的轴承故障诊断网络模型

针对传统卷积神经网络(CNN)对滚动轴承振动信号的故障识别准确率不高这一问题,提出了一种基于多域信息融合结合深度分离卷积(MDIDSC)的轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用自适应噪声的完全集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)算法对轴承振动信号进行了分解;然后,利用分解出的本征模态函数(IMF)的各个分量构建了多空间状态矩阵,并将该多空间状态矩阵输入该深度分离卷积模型中,进行了卷积训练;同时,在该深度分离卷积模型中添加了残差结构,对数据特征进行了复利用,并对卷积核进行了深度分离,解决了深度模型的网络退化问题;最后,提出了一种空间特征提取方法,对模型参数进行了修剪,采用一种自适应学习率退火方法进行了梯度优化,以避免模型陷入局部最优。研究结果表明:通过对多个轴承故障数据集进行对比分析可知,MDIDSC在轴承故障诊断方面的准确率和稳定性明显优于其他方法,MDIDSC的最高测试准确率为100%,平均测试准确率为99.07%;同时,在测试集中的最大损失和平均损失分别为0.1345和0.0841;该结果表明MDIDSC在轴承故障诊断方面具有一定的优越性。

从裂变产物中快速萃取分离^(94)Sr的研究

为提高短寿命裂变产物核素^(94)Sr核参数的测量精度,需要快速从裂变靶中分离出较高活度的放化纯样品。本工作研究了SISAK系统快速分离Sr的工艺,建立了SISAK系统从裂变产物中快化分离^(94)Sr的流程。经热实验验证,靶量14μg的235U辐照20 s,可在100 s内获得^(94)Sr样品,并可测得明显且无干扰特征峰,流程对Sr的化学回收率大于80%,对主要干扰核素的去污因子均大于10~2。本研究采用“堆辐照+跑兔送样+SISAK分离”联用的技术,获得了可用于测量的^(94)Sr样品,对半衰期为分钟量级的裂变产物的核参数测定与衰变特性研究具有重要参考价值。

高含气井低速叶轮动态气液分离设备参数优化

针对目前高含气井电潜螺杆泵举升效率低的问题,提出一种低速叶轮动态气液分离方法。综合高气油比、低转速、低液量等因素的影响,建立低速叶轮气液分离场气泡运移数学模型和动态气液分离RNG k-ε模型,依据SIMPLE压力-速度耦合算法求解结果,揭示叶片数目、叶片螺距和叶片长度等参数对动态气液分离效率的影响规律,并依据叶轮结构优化正交试验结果,探究转速和含气量等操作参数的敏感性及其对分离效率的影响。研究结果表明:增加叶片数目、叶片螺距和叶片长度时,低速叶轮动态分离效率先增大后减小;叶片数目为15片,叶片螺距为250 mm,叶片长度为420 mm时,分离效率达到最大值81%;增大转速可有效提升低速叶轮动态分离效率,转速由150 r/min提至300 r/min,分离效率由38%显著升至81%;同时低速叶轮动态分离效率随含气量的增加而不断减小,入口含气量由35%增至50%,分离效率则由87%降至63%。所得结论可为适用于电潜螺杆泵的低速叶轮动态气液分离设备的参数优化提供指导。

轻型马铃薯收获机分离升运装置设计与试验

针对西南丘陵山区马铃薯收获机械短缺、分离升运效果差等问题,设计了一种适宜丘陵山区黏重土壤的链式分离升运装置.通过对分离升运装置薯土分离过程中的力学、运动学、碰撞过程进行理论分析,确定了关键部件结构和工作参数.以机具前进速度、一级分离升运装置线速度、振动机构频率为试验因子,以明薯率、伤薯率作为试验评判标准进行田间试验,建立各评判标准与因子的回归数学模型,分析试验因子对试验评判标准的影响并进行参数优化.结果表明:机具前进速度为0.78 m/s、一级分离升运装置线速度为1.10 m/s、振动机构频率为4.50 Hz时,该收获机明薯率为98.4%,伤薯率为0.7%,理论值与试验值接近,满足马铃薯收获作业要求,优于国家行业标准.