Effect of Three Extraction Methods on the Volatile Component of Illicium verum Hook.f.Analyzed by GC-MS

The physical properties and chemical components of three oil samples extracted from Illicium verum Hook. f. by steam distillation （SD）, solvent extraction （SE） and supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） were compared with one another and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry （GC-MS）. The quality parameters of star anise essential oil from SFE were close to that of those came from SD and SE. Although the extraction yield of star anise by SFE （9.2 %） was close to the value from SE （9.3%）, it was yet higher than that came from SD （8.2%）. For sensory evaluation, however, three oils were significantly different. The odor and taste of the products from SFE and SE were generally more natural and vivid than that came from distilled oil. The volatile compound revealed that significant differences of the composition existed in the distilled oil and the oleoresins prepared by SFE and SE.

Central nervous system activity of Illicium verum fruit extracts

Objective:To research the acute toxicity of Illicium verum(I.verum)fruit extracts and its action on central nervous system.Methods:The TLC and HPTLC techniques were used as fingerprints to determine the chemical components present in I.verum.Male albino rats and mice were utilized for study.The powdered material was successively extracted with n-hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol using a Soxhlet extractor.Acute toxicity studies were performed as per OECD guidelines.The CNS activity was evaluated on parameters of general behavior,sleeping pattern,locomotor activity,anxicty and myocoordination activity.The animals were trained for seven days prior to experiments and the divided into five groups with six animals in each.The drug was administered by intraperitoneal route according to body weight.The dosing was done as prescribed in each protocol.Results:Toxicity studies reported 2 000 mg/kg as toxicological dose and 1/10 of the same dose was taken as therapeutic dose Intraperitoneal injection of all extracts at dose of 200 mg prolonged phenobarbitone induced sleeping time,produced alteration in general behavior pattern,reduced locomotor activity and produced anxiolytic effects but the extracts do not significantly alter muscles coordination activity.The three extracts of I.verum at the dose of 200 mg,methanol extract was found to produce more prominent effects,then hexane and ethylacetate extracts.Conclusions:The observation suggested that the extracts of I. verum possess potent CNS depressant action and anxiolytic effect without interfering with motor coordination.

Component analysis of volatile oil from Illicium Verum Hook. f.

Volatile oil was extracted from Illicium Verum Hook. f. by using steam distillation. 41 kinds of compounds were separated and identified by GC/MS, and their relative contents were determined by normalization method. Among 41 identified compounds, there are 14 hydrocarbon components and 22 oxygenated hydrocarbon derivatives, and a small amount of nitrogenous compounds. The main component is anethole, accoun ting for 76.23%, and the other components such as anisyl acetone, anisaldehyde, p allylanisole, p cumic aldehyde and p allylpen take up more than 10%.

New monoterpene phenyl ethers from Illicium micranthum

Seven new monoterpene phenyl ethers,namely micranthumnins A-G(1-7),were isolated from the stem bark of Illicium micranthum(Illiciaceae).Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including MS,IR,1D and 2D NMR.All compounds were evaluated for their anti-AChE activities.

MUTAGENICITY STUDIES OF FLAVOURING ILLICIUM VERUM

Illicium verum is a flavouring which is used commonly bypeople.According to the result of Ames Assay by Zhao Ze Zhenand his colleagues the Illicium verum possesses definite muta-genicity.Since the Illicium verum has a close relation withpeople’s life,we must treat it carefully.So we have done theSex-linked Recessive Lethal Test in drosophila

Sesquilignans and sesquiterpenoid from the stem barks of Illicium simonsii and their anti-AChE activity

Three new sesquilignans,1-3,a new sesquiterpenoid,4,and three known compounds were isolated from the stem barks of Illicium simonsii.The structures of new compounds(1-4)were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.A biosynthetic pathway was proposed for simonsienols A-C(1-3).Anti-AChE activity and anti-BuChE activity were evaluated for all compounds except forα-cadinol ethyl ether(4).As a result,isodunnianol(7)exhibited anti-AChE activity with an IC50 value of 13.0μM.

桂皮、八角和花椒中重金属的溶出及健康风险评估

为研究八角、桂皮和花椒中的重金属摄入风险,从主产区采集15份桂皮(广西藤县)、15份八角(广西浦北县)和15份花椒(贵州德江县)样品,采用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱仪测定8种重金属(砷、钡、镉、铬、铜、锰、镍和铅)的含量,结合日常食用习惯,分析了这3种香辛料中的重金属在不同煮沸时间下的溶出情况,采用溶出结果计算其靶标危害指数(THQ)和非致癌风险指数(HI)。结果表明,这3个地区采集的八角、桂皮和花椒样品均未超过GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》要求,桂皮中Mn含量要显著高于其他香调料的含量。桂皮和八角中的As,八角中的Ba、Cd、Mn和Ni溶出率超过50%,Mn和Ni在16 h后溶出率超过了95%(分别为95%和96%)。桂皮和花椒的HI值在不同时间的煮沸浸提时间段没有显著性差异(P≥0.05),八角的HI值要显著高于桂皮和花椒(P≤0.05);通过计算发现:无论是单种香辛料摄入单个重金属的THQ值,还是单种香辛料摄入8种重金属的HI值或3种香辛料叠加摄入的HI值,正常摄入来自这些地区的八角、桂皮和花椒不会引起非致癌的健康风险。

八角柱头可授性、花粉活力和座果率分析

为探明八角(Illiciumverum)柱头可授性、花粉活力和座果率的变化,指导杂交育种工作,采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检测八角花器官在不同发育阶段柱头的可授性,采用TTC染色法检测不同月份开花的花粉活力,同时调查和分析座果率。结果表明,八角花器官在含苞欲放大蕾期柱头已具有可授性,在盛开期柱头开始失去可授性,在凋谢期柱头已失去可授性;盛开期至凋谢期,雄蕊花药开裂并大量散出花粉,说明八角存在雌蕊先熟的生殖特性。在8—10月花期,不同月份开花的花粉中,有活力花粉百分率差异显著,其中8月有活力和强活力花粉百分率分别为90.27%和66.73%,9月有活力和强活力花粉百分率分别为96.62%和63.52%,10月有活力和强活力花粉百分率分别为69.81%和35.63%。不同月份开花的座果率差异显著,8—10月的自然座果率分别为62.41%、76.88%和61.48%;套袋隔离处理后,座果率分别为10.00%、22.22%和4.44%。综合分析认为,9月八角有活力花粉百分率最高,座果率也最高,此时最适合开展八角杂交授粉工作;应选择柱头具有最佳可授性的含苞欲放花蕾作为杂交母本。

不同干燥方式八角果实挥发性化合物代谢组分析

【目的】探明不同干燥方式对八角果实挥发性成分的影响,筛选出适宜八角果实干燥的处理方式,为八角后期深加工、保存及应用提供参考。【方法】以新鲜八角果实为材料,采用自然晾晒、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃和90℃烘干7种处理方式进行干燥,通过液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)技术检测分析八角果实代谢产物,阐明八角果实不同温度干燥与自然晾晒处理的代谢物差异。【结果】与自然晾晒相比,八角果实40℃干燥差异代谢产物有11类17种,其中,萜类、醇类和醛类3类代谢物上调;50℃干燥差异代谢物有10类25种,其中,上调代谢物6类(萜类、醇类、酯类、酮类、卤代烃类、酚类);60℃干燥差异代谢物有8类13种,其中,醇类和烃类代谢物上调;70℃干燥差异代谢物为13类40种,其中,醇类、萜类和酯类3类代谢物上调;80℃干燥差异代谢物有13类38种,仅醇类代谢物上调;90℃干燥差异代谢物有13类52种,其中,上调代谢物4类(萜类、醇类、酮类、卤代烃类)。40℃、50℃和60℃干燥的八角果实与自然晾晒差异代谢物较少,上调代谢物主要是苯甲醛、醋酸植物醇、茴香脑、6-异羟基樟脑、乙酸异丁香酚酯和甲基丁香酚等挥发性化合物,提升了八角浓厚的香味。70℃、80℃和90℃干燥的八角果实与自然晾晒差异代谢物较多,且与八角香味相关的许多代谢物下调表达,主要有香芹酮、茴香脑、E-氧化玫瑰、4-蒈烯、对薄荷脑1,5,8-三烯、苯甲醛、芳樟醇、3-甲基苯并噻吩、2-甲基-2-四氢呋喃和2-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃等挥发性化合物,减弱了八角香味。【结论】不同干燥处理八角果实的挥发性化合物种类均存在一定差异。40℃、50℃和60℃干燥八角果实,苯甲醛、醋酸植物醇和茴香脑等上调表达的挥发性化合物提升了八角香味。八角果实经50℃干燥后,上调表达的代谢物有萜类、醇类、酯类、酮类、卤代烃类和酚类6类,果实独特香气保持最好,宜在生产上推广应用。

Antiviral spirooliganones C and D with a unique spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,2′-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane]carbon skeleton from the roots of Illicium oligandrum

Two unprecedented polycyclic spirooliganones C and D(1 and 2)with a novel spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,2′-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane]carbon skeleton,one known dimeric prenylated C_(6)single bondC_(3)compound(3),and a pair of new enantiomeric prenylated C_(6)single bondC_(3)compounds(+)-5 and(−)-5 together with their direct precursors(+)-4 and(−)-4 were isolated from the roots of Illicium oligandrum.Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis,single crystal X-ray diffraction data,and electronic circular dichroism calculations.A possible biosynthetic pathway for compounds 1 and 2 involving the Diels-Alder reaction between(−)-sabinene and cyclic prenylated tetrahydropyrano-type C_(6)single bondC_(3)compounds was proposed.The characteristic prenylated C_(6)single bondC_(3)compounds(+)-4 and(−)-4 were separated on a chiral stationary phase and their absolute configurations were determined by calculated ECD for the first time.In the antiviral bioassays,compounds 1 and(+)-5 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against CVB3 with IC_(50)values of 11.11μmol/L and 1.11μmol/L,respectively.Compounds 1 and 2 also showed moderate inhibition against influenza A(H1N1)virus.

八角林病虫害遥感识别模型

【目的】受病虫害胁迫诱导的微弱光谱信号极易淹没在植被物候引起的光谱变化特征中,探索一种基于植被胁迫光谱弱信号增强的森林病虫害监测方法,为森林病虫害防治与管理提供科学依据。【方法】以八角林为研究对象,选取广西壮族自治区乐业县为试验区,收集2019—2021年试验区Sentinel-2影像数据,首先选取对植被病虫害胁迫响应敏感的红边归一化差异植被指数(NDVI705)、红边位置指数(REPI)、红边叶绿素指数(CI_(red-edge))、植被衰减指数(PSRI)、特征色素简单比值指数(PSSRA)、植被光合有效辐射吸收系数(FAPAR)作为八角林病虫害指数的预选集;其次采用S-G滤波法构建光谱指数时间序列曲线,优选出能够综合表征八角林病虫害胁迫诱导的形态颜色和生理要素变化敏感的PSRI和FAPAR指数;然后应用季节趋势分解法(STL)对FAPAR、PSRI指数进行时间序列分解、季节性分量剥离,综合剥离季节性影响后的FAPAR、PSRI分量构建八角林病虫害敏感指数(IPDI);最后运用随机森林算法建立八角林病虫害胁迫监测模型。【结果】1)与健康植被相比,受病虫害胁迫的八角林FAPAR偏低、PSRI偏高;2)应用STL方法对植被病虫害胁迫响应敏感参数进行时间序列分解,可有效剥离植被物候变化中对植被胁迫弱信息的影响,增强八角林病虫害胁迫响应敏感性;3)基于IPDI的八角林病虫害遥感识别模型精度较高,2019—2021年模型的Kappa系数和总体精度分别为0.81、0.84、0.80和87.59%、88.51%、84.17%,2020年八角林遥感计算的病虫害胁迫受害面积与统计受灾面积的相对误差为2.08%。【结论】基于植被胁迫光谱弱信号增强方法可有效监测八角林病虫害胁迫分布状况,显著提升防治效率,助力八角林的可持续管理与生态保护。

狭叶茴香果实化学成分研究

目的:对狭叶茴香Illicium lanceolatum A.C.Smith果实进行化学成分研究。方法:采用硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶、RP-C18柱、MCI gel柱以及半制备高效液相等色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据结合文献数据鉴定化合物结构,并进行抗肿瘤活性筛选。结果:从狭叶茴香果实中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为:(1R)-3-methoxy-3,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran(1)、原儿茶酸甲酯(2)、原儿茶酸(3)、水杨酸(4)、间羟基苯甲酸甲酯(5)、没食子酸甲酯(6)、邻羟基肉桂酸(7)、伪大八角素(8)、10β-hydroxy-cyclopseudoanisatin(9)、2,3-didehydro-5-O-methyl-11-epiillifunone E(10)、莽草酸(11)。结论:其中,化合物1为新化合物,化合物2、4~10为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物1和10显示出一定的抗肿瘤活性,IC_(50)分别为(27.22±0.06)μmol/L、(21.13±0.44)μmol/L。

八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量分析及安全性评价

目的 检测预包装与散装八角茴香流通、生产(分装)、餐饮环节中二氧化硫残留量情况,并对其进行安全性评价。方法 在大型商场、批发零售市场、餐饮企业、网络平台等不同领域随机抽取预包装与散装八角茴香90批次、新鲜湿八角16批次,参照GB 5009.34—2022《食品安全国家标准食品中二氧化硫的测定》检测二氧化硫残留量,依据GB 2760—2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》规定对八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量进行评价分析,并从食品、药品两方面对其进行健康风险评估。结果 90批次八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量超出标准限值的为13.3%,其中预包装和散装八角茴香二氧化硫残留量平均值分别为33.6 mg/kg和93.6 mg/kg,超标率分别为2.5%和22.0%。流通环节、生产(分装)环节和餐饮环节八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量平均值分别为66.3、42.4、90.6 mg/kg,超标率分别为12.5%、8.3%、21.4%。16批次新鲜湿八角中二氧化硫本底值的平均值为9.38 mg/kg。散装八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量高于预包装八角茴香,且散装八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量超标率显著高于预包装八角茴香(X^(2)=7.313,P=0.007)。流通、生产(分装)、餐饮各个环节均存在二氧化硫残留量超标现象,各环节超标率比较差异无统计学意义(X^(2)=1.092,P=0.579)。结论 八角茴香作为食品使用时,各年龄段人群对散装和预包装八角茴香中的二氧化硫暴露风险系数均小于1,但作为药品使用时,低年龄段人群对部分八角茴香中的二氧化硫暴露风险系数大于1,在风险管理上需引起足够重视。在生产、消费、研发等各领域均应加强宣传监管力度,控制八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量,确保八角茴香质量安全。

云南不同产地八角果实挥发性代谢物差异分析

【目的】探明云南不同产地八角果实挥发性代谢物差异,为八角果实中天然活性成分和代谢产物多样性利用和八角种质资源评价提供依据。【方法】采用全自动顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)、气质联用(GC-MS)技术对云南省文山州(富宁县、文山市、砚山县)和红河州(红河县)的八角果实挥发成分进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析。【结果】云南不同产地的八角果实挥发物存在差异,共鉴定出750个代谢物,前三位的化合物种类分别是萜类、酯类和杂环化合物,分别占31.20%、14.00%和10.80%。云南不同地区八角果实挥发性代谢物质的种类组成具有差异性,文山市与砚山县、富宁县与红河县八角果实中差异代谢物较多,分别为438个和349个,文山市与砚山县差异代谢物主要体现在萜类、醇类、酯类和醛类;富宁县与红河县主要体现在萜类和脂类,富宁县八角果实中具有香气成分的化合物如δ-榄香烯、衣兰烯显著上调。文山市八角果实中代谢物倍半萜和三萜的生物合成、萜类骨架的生物合成2个代谢通路上调,碳代谢、丁酸代谢等7个通路下调;富宁县八角果实中仅α-亚麻酸代谢上调,曲柳碱、吡啶、吡啶生物碱合成等13个下调。【结论】云南不同产地八角果实挥发性代谢物存在差异,文山市与砚山县、富宁县与红河县的差异代谢物差异显著,文山市八角果实中代谢物倍半萜和三萜的生物合成、萜类骨架的生物合成2个代谢通路上调,富宁县八角果实中仅α-亚麻酸代谢上调。

Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Constituents from Stem Barks of Illicium difengpi

Objective To isolate and identify bioactive constituents from the stem barks of I//icium difengpi. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, recrystallization, and preparative HPLC techniques. The structures of the compounds were identified on the basis of spectral data including NMR, MS, and IR. Results Two sesquiterpene lactones, majucin （I） and anisatin （2）, two steroids, l^-sitosterol （3） and daucosterol （4）, three carboxylic acids, 2-ethyldecanoic acid （5）, shikimic acid （6）, and 3,4-dihydrobenzoic acid （7）, and a flavonoid, quercetin （8）, were successively isolated from the stem barks of L difengpL Conclusion Apart from compound 3, other seven compounds are reported in this plant for the first time. The results suggested that the current studies on L difengpi is still far from being well known and therefore more studies need to be done for better understanding of this plant.

八角莽草酸含量影响因素研究进展

八角是广西南部的特色植物,其果实具有独特的香气,是我国及东南亚地区常用烹饪的调味品之一,同时也是药用、化工等方面的重要原料。八角果实含有大量的莽草酸,其枝条、叶片上也有少量莽草酸分布。莽草酸是植物和微生物的重要代谢产物,具有抗炎、镇痛的作用,可作为抗病毒和抗癌药物的中间体,也是治疗当前流行的甲型流感特效药“磷酸奥司他韦”的主要成分。随着科学技术进步,八角莽草酸的研究已经取得了一定的进展,尤其是在提取技术、分离工艺、生理活性及其应用等方面。文章综述了八角莽草酸含量影响因素研究情况,总结了影响八角莽草酸含量的因素。影响八角莽草酸含量的因素可分为内部因素和外部因素2种,其中外部因素主要有不同的生境、不同产地、不同采收期等,内部因素主要有生长发育过程、遗传因素等,同时不同的提取工艺提取到的莽草酸含量也不同。最后,对后期的研究方向提出展望,以期为相关领域的深入研究提供参考。

A new sesquiterpene lactone from the fruits of Illicium henryi

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the fruits of Illicium henryi. METHOD: Chromatographic separations on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel and MCI gel were used to isolate the compounds. The structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analyses. RESULTS: Seven compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as 10-benzoyl-cycloparvifloralone(1), cycloparvifloralone(2), 2α-hydroxycycloparviforalone(3), henrylactone B(4), merrillianone(5), henrylactone C(6) and 7, 14-ortholactone-3-hydroxyfloridanolide(7). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a new sesquiterpene lactone. The tested compounds showed weak anti-HBV activities on HBV surface antigen(HBsAg) secretion and HBV e antigen(HBeAg) secretion using Hep G2.2.15 cell line.

八角低产林改造技术及其推广应用

八角低产林的改造问题是现阶段八角种植的重难点,该文通过对广西河池市巴马县八角种植情况的介绍,简要分析八角低产林形成的原因,并从优选树种、调整种植密度、加强病虫害防治、科学施肥与追肥等方面提出解决办法,加强种植技术培训,以期为切实提高八角种植的产量和质量提供参考。

A new sesquiterpene lactone and a new aromatic glycoside from Illicium difengpi

A new sesquiterpene lactone(1)and a new aromatic glycoside(2),together with three known compounds(3–5)were isolated from the stem bark of Illicium difengpi K.I.B et K.I.M.Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods,including 1D and 2D NMR,HRESIMS,and chemical methods.The absolute configuration of the secondary alcohol in 1 was confirmed by Mosher’s method.Compound 2 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 value of 6.72 mmol/L.

光氮互作对八角幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

为给八角(Illicium verum)壮苗培育提供参考,以半年生八角幼苗为试验材料,采用3种光照强度[100%NS(Natural Sunlight)、72.8%NS和46.3%NS]和4种氮素水平(0、200、400和600毫克/株)双因素试验,探究光氮互作对八角幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,光照强度对株高、地径、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响均最大。在同一氮素水平下,随光照强度降低,除L0N0~L2N0处理的株高增量外,L0N1~L2N1、L0N2~L2N2和L0N3~L2N3处理的株高增量均呈先升后降的趋势;L0N0~L2N0和L0N2~L2N2处理的地径增量均呈先升后降的趋势,L0N1~L2N1和L0N3~L2N3处理的地径增量均下降;L0N1~L2N1处理的叶绿素含量呈先升后降的趋势,L0N0~L2N0、L0N2~L2N2和L0N3~L2N3处理的叶绿素含量均升高;L0N0~L2N0和L0N1~L2N1处理的可溶性糖含量均下降,L0N2~L2N2和L0N3~L2N3处理的可溶性糖含量均呈先升后降的趋势;L0N0~L2N0处理的可溶性蛋白和MDA含量均下降,L0N1~L2N1、L0N2~L2N2和L0N3~L2N3处理的可溶性蛋白和MDA含量均呈先降后升的趋势;L0N0~L2N0和L0N3~L2N3处理的SOD活性均呈先降后升的趋势,L0N1~L2N1和L0N2~L2N2处理的SOD活性均下降;不同处理的干重和POD活性均呈先升后降的趋势。隶属函数分析表明,L1N1(72.8%NS,200毫克/株氮素)处理的八角幼苗生长最优。